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| Condition 1: References "天为贵，天为知而已矣" Matched:3. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷七 - Book 7》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
《天志中 - Will of Heaven II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 1 | 天志中: |
子墨子言曰：“今天下之君子之欲为仁义者，则不可不察义之所从出。既曰不可以不察义之所从出，然则义何从出？”子墨子曰：“义不从愚且贱者出，必自贵且知者出。何以知义之不从愚且贱者出，而必自贵且知者出也？曰：义者，善政也。何以知义之 为1善政也？曰：天下有义则治，无义则乱，是以知义之 为2善政也。夫愚且贱者，不得为政乎贵且知者，然后得为政乎愚且贱者，此吾所以知义之不从愚且贱者出，而必自贵且知者出也。然则孰为贵？孰为知？曰：天为贵，天为知而已矣。然则义果自天出矣。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
Mozi said: Those gentlemen in the world who want to practise magnanimity and righteousness cannot but examine the origin of righteousness. Since we want to examine the origin of righteousness, then where does it originate? Mozi said: Righteousness does not originate with the stupid and humble but with the honourable and wise. How do we know it does not originate with the dull and humble but with the honourable and wise? For, righteousness is the standard. How do we know righteousness is the standard? For, with righteousness the world will be orderly and without it the world will be disorderly. Therefore righteousness is known to be the standard. As the dull and the humble cannot make the standard, and only the wise and honourable can, therefore I know righteousness does not come from the stupid and humble but from the honourable and wise. Now who is honourable and who is wise? Heaven is honourable, Heaven is wise. So, then, righteousness must originate with Heaven. 1. 为 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 2 | 天志中: |
今天下之人曰：“当若天子之贵 于1诸侯，诸侯之贵 于2大夫，傐明知之。然吾未知天之贵且知于天子也。”子墨子曰：“吾所以知天之贵且知于天子者有矣。曰：天子为善，天能赏之；天子为暴，天能罚之；天子有疾病祸祟，必斋戒沐浴，洁为酒醴粢盛，以祭祀天鬼，则天能除去之，然吾未知天之祈福于天子也。此吾所以知天之贵且知于天子者。不止此而已矣，又以先王之书驯天明不解之道也知之。曰：‘明哲维天，临君下土。’则此语天之贵且知于天子。不知亦有贵知夫天者乎？曰：天为贵，天为知而已矣。然则义果自天出矣。” |
| Will of Heaven II: |
People in the world would say: "That the emperor is more honourable than the feudal lords and that the feudal lords are more honourable than the ministers, we clearly see. But that Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor, we do not see." Mozi said: I know Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor for a reason: When the emperor practises virtue Heaven rewards, when the emperor does evil Heaven punishes. When there are disease and calamities the emperor will purify and bathe himself and prepare clean cakes and wine to do sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. Heaven then removes them. But I have not yet heard of Heaven invoking the emperor for blessing. So I know Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. And, this is not all. We also learn of this from the book of the ancient kings which instructs us the vast and ineffable Dao of Heaven. It says: "Brilliant and perspicacious Heaven on High, who enlightens and watches over the earth below!" This shows Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. But is there yet any one more honourable and wise than Heaven? Heaven is really the most honourable and wise. Therefore, righteousness surely comes from Heaven. 1. 于 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《天志下 - Will of Heaven III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 2 | 天志下: |
是故子墨子言曰：“戒之慎之，必为天之所欲，而去天之所恶。曰天之所欲者何也？所恶者何也？天欲义而恶其不义者也。何以知其然也？曰义者正也。何以知义之为正也？天下有义则治，无义则乱，我以此知义之为正也。然而正者，无自下正上者，必自上正下。是故庶人不得次己而为正，有士正之；士不得次己而为正，有大夫正之；大夫不得次己而为正，有诸侯正之；诸侯不得次己而为正，有三公正之；三公不得次己而为正，有天子正之；天子不得次己而为政，有天正之。今天下之士君子，皆明于天子之正天下也，而不明于天 之1正 天子2也。是故古者圣人，明以此说人曰：‘天子有善，天能赏之；天子有过，天能罚之。’天子赏罚不当，听狱不中，天下疾病祸福，霜露不时，天子必且犓豢其牛羊犬彘，洁为粢盛酒醴，以祷祠祈福于天，我未尝闻天之祷祈福于天子也，吾以此知天之重且贵于天子也。是故义者不自愚且贱者出，必自贵且知者出。曰谁为知？天为知。然则义果自天出也。今天下之士君子之欲为义者，则不可不顺天之意矣。 |
| Will of Heaven III: |
And Mozi said: Be obedient. Be careful. Be sure to do what Heaven desires and avoid what Heaven abominates. Now, what does Heaven desire and what does Heaven abominate? Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. How do we know this? Because righteousness is the standard. How do we know righteousness is the standard? Because with righteousness the world will be orderly; without it the world will be disorderly. So, I know righteousness is the standard. Now a standard is never given by the subordinate to the superior, it is always to be given by the superior to the subordinate. Hence the common people may not make the standard at will. There are the scholars to give them the standard. The scholars may not make the standard at will. There are the ministers to give them the standard. The ministers may not make the standard at will. There are the feudal lords to give them the standard. The feudal lords may not make the standard at will. There is the high duke to give them the standard. The high duke may not make the standard at will. There is the emperor to give him the standard. The emperor may not make the standard at will. There is Heaven to give him the standard. The gentlemen of the world all understand that the emperor gives the standard to the world but do not understand that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor. The sages, explaining this, said: "When the emperor has done good, Heaven rewards him. When the emperor has committed wrong, Heaven punishes him. When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment and not judicious in hearing lawsuits, Heaven visits him with disease and calamities, and frost and dew will be untimely." The emperor will then have to feed oxen and sheep with grass and dogs and pigs with grains and prepare clean cakes and wine to pray and invoke Heaven for blessing. I have not yet heard of Heaven praying and invoking the emperor for blessing. So, I can say Heaven is more honourable and wise than the emperor. Therefore righteousness does not come from the ignorant and humble but from the honourable and wise. Who is honourable? Heaven is honourable. Who is wise? Heaven is wise. And, so, righteousness assuredly comes from Heaven. And the gentlemen of the world who desire to do righteousness therefore must obey the will of Heaven. 1. 之 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
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