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Scope: The Art of War Request type: Paragraph |
Condition 1: Contains text "因" Matched:15. |
Total 8 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《孫子兵法 - The Art of War》 | [Spring and Autumn] 515 BC-512 BC Sun Wu English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Books referencing 《孫子兵法》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《始計 - Laying Plans》 | English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Library Resources |
5 | 始計: | 計利以聽,乃為之勢,以佐其外;勢者,因利而制權也。 |
Laying Plans: | While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans. |
《作戰 - Waging War》 | English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Books referencing 《作戰》 Library Resources |
3 | 作戰: | 故不盡知用兵之害者,則不能盡知用兵之利也。善用兵者,役不再籍,糧不三載,取用于國,因糧于敵,故軍食可足也。國之貧于師者遠輸,遠輸則百姓貧,近于師者貴賣,貴賣則百姓財竭,財竭則急于丘役,力屈財殫,中原內虛于家,百姓之費,十去其七,公家之費,破車罷馬,甲冑矢弩,戟楯蔽櫓,丘牛大車,十去其六。 |
Waging War: | It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. |
《虛實 - Weak Points and Strong》 | English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Library Resources |
6 | 虛實: | 故策之而知得失之計,作之而知動靜之理,形之而知死生之地,角之而知有餘不足之處。故形兵之極,至于無形;無形,則深間不能窺,智者不能謀。因形而措勝于眾,眾不能知,人皆知我所以勝之形,而莫知吾所以制勝之形;故其戰勝不復,而應形於無窮。 |
Weak Points and Strong:...: | Scheme so as to discover his plans and the likelihood of their success. Rouse him, and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself, so as to find out his vulnerable spots. Carefully compare the opposing army with your own, so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient. In making tactical dispositions, the highest pitch you can attain is to conceal them; conceal your dispositions, and you will be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies, from the machinations of the wisest brains. How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy's own tactics - that is what the multitude cannot comprehend. All men can see the tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory, but let your methods be regulated by the infinite variety of circumstances. | |
7 | 虛實: | 夫兵形象水,水之形,避高而趨下:兵之形,避實而擊虛;水因地而制流,兵因敵而制勝。故兵無常勢,水無常形;能因敵變化而取勝,謂之神。故五行無常勝,四時無常位,日有短長,月有死生。 |
Weak Points and Strong:...: | Military tactics are like unto water; for water in its natural course runs away from high places and hastens downwards. So in war, the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak. Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flows; the soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. Therefore, just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions. He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning, may be called a heaven-born captain. The five elements (water, fire, wood, metal, earth) are not always equally predominant; the four seasons make way for each other in turn. There are short days and long; the moon has its periods of waning and waxing. |
《火攻 - The Attack by Fire》 | English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Books referencing 《火攻》 Library Resources |
1 | 火攻: | 孫子曰:凡火攻有五:一曰火人,二曰火積,三曰火輜,四曰火庫,五曰火隊。行火必有因,煙火必素具。發火有時,起火有日。時者,天之燥也。日者,月在箕壁翼軫也。凡此四宿者,風起之日也。 |
The Attack by Fire: | Sunzi said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. The first is to burn soldiers in their camp; the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn baggage trains; the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines; the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy. In order to carry out an attack, we must have means available. The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire, and special days for starting a conflagration. The proper season is when the weather is very dry; the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all days of rising wind. | |
2 | 火攻: | 凡火攻,必因五火之變而應之,火發于內,則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者,待而勿攻。極其火力,可從而從之,不可從而止。火可發于外,無待于內,以時發之。火發上風,無攻下風,晝風久,夜風止。凡軍必知五火之變,以數守之。故以火佐攻者明,以水佐攻者強,水可以絕,不可以奪。 |
The Attack by Fire: | In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments: (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp, respond at once with an attack from without. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and do not attack. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height, follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable; if not, stay where you are. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within, but deliver your attack at a favorable moment. (5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it. Do not attack from the leeward. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long, but a night breeze soon falls. In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated, and a watch kept for the proper days. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence; those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted, but not robbed of all his belongings. |
《用間 - The Use of Spies》 | English translation: Lionel Giles [?] | Books referencing 《用間》 Library Resources |
2 | 用間: | 故用間有五:有鄉間、有內間、有反間、有死間、有生間。五間俱起,莫知其道,是謂神紀,人君之寶也。鄉間者,因其鄉人而用之。內間者,因其官人而用之。反間者,因其敵間而用之。死間者,為誑事于外,令吾間知之,而傳于敵。生間者,反報也。 |
The Use of Spies: | Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies. When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads." It is the sovereign's most precious faculty. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district. Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy. Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes. Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy. Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp. | |
4 | 用間: | 凡軍之所欲擊,城之所欲攻,人之所欲殺;必先知其守將,左右,謁者,門者,舍人之姓名,令吾間必索知之。必索敵間之來間我者,因而利之,導而舍之,故反間可得而使也。因是而知之,故鄉間內間可得而使也;因是而知之,故死間為誑事,可使告敵;因是而知之,故生間可使如期。五間之事,主必知之,知之必在于反間,故反間不可不厚也。 |
The Use of Spies: | Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these. The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service. It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy. Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions. The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality. |
Total 8 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
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