| Chinese Text Project |
| 儉 U+5109 |  Seal script | 俭 Simplified character | 𠈏 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 人+ 13 strokes = 15 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.334#18 Kangxi: p.119#12 Cihai: p.128r5c05 GSR: 613.e Hanyu: v1,p0226#06 |
| Composition: | Left: 亻, right: 僉. Component of: 𢸟 𠑁 𨇓 𨯘 |
| Mandarin: | jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢˇ |
| Cantonese: | gim6 |
| Tang reconstruction: | ghyɛ̌m |
| Shuowen: | 《人部》儉：約也。从人僉聲。 |
| Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上聲·琰·儉》儉：約也，少也，饑饉也，又姓出姓苑。巨險切，二。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·人部·十三》儉：〔古文〕𠈏《唐韻》《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤巨險切，箝上聲。《說文》約也。《禮·檀弓》國奢示之以儉，國儉示之以禮。又《王制》祭，豐年不奢，凶年不儉。《左傳·莊二十四年》儉德之共也。又少也，歲歉也。又姓。又《正韻》詰念切，箝去聲。義同。又與險同。《荀子·富國篇》下疑俗儉。《註》儉讀爲險。 |
| Fanqie: | 巨險 (《廣韻·上聲·琰·儉》) |
| Unihan definition: | temperate, frugal, economical |
Example usage
| 《論語·學而》: | 子貢曰：「夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。」 |
| Zi Gong said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and complaisant and thus he gets his information." | |
| 《孟子·告子下》: | 地非不足，而儉於百里。 |
| The territory was indeed enough, but it was not more than 100 li. | |
| 《禮記·檀弓下》: | 國奢，則示之以儉。 |
| Where there is extravagance in the administration of the state, he shows an example of economy. | |
| 《揚子法言》: | 莊、楊蕩而不法，墨、晏儉而廢禮，申、韓險而無化，鄒衍迂而不信。 |
| Zhuang Zhou and Yang Zhu were reckless and unmethodical. Mo Di and Yan Ying were stingy and dispensed with li. Shen Buhai and Han Feizi were devious and had no power to transform people. Zou Yan was preposterous and not to be believed. | |
| 《墨子·七患》: | 其力時急而自養儉也。 |
| It was because they made full use of the seasons and were frugal in their own maintenance. | |
| 《莊子·天地》: | 吾謂魯君曰：『必服恭儉，拔出公忠之屬，而無阿私，民孰敢不輯！』 |
| I said to him, "You must strive to be courteous and to exercise self-restraint; you must distinguish the public-spirited and loyal, and repress the cringing and selfish - who among the people will in that case dare not to be in harmony with you?" | |
| 《道德經》: | 一曰慈，二曰儉，三曰不敢為天下先。 |
| The first is gentleness; the second is economy; and the third is shrinking from taking precedence of others. | |
| 《尚書·大禹謨》: | 克勤于邦，克儉于家，不自滿假，惟汝賢。 |
| Full of toilsome earnestness in the service of the country, and sparing in your expenditure on your family, and this without being full of yourself and elated - you (again.) show your superiority to other men. | |
| 《周易·小過》: | 君子以行過乎恭，喪過乎哀，用過乎儉。 |
| (The trigram representing) a hill and that for thunder above it form Xiao Guo. The superior man, in accordance with this, in his conduct exceeds in humility, in mourning exceeds in sorrow, and in his expenditure exceeds in economy. | |
| 《荀子·性惡》: | 禮恭而意儉，大齊信焉，而輕貨財。 |
| 《說苑·雜言》: | 孔子曰：「中人之情，有餘則侈，不足則儉，無禁則淫，無度則失，縱欲則敗。」 |
| 《韓詩外傳·卷三》: | 土地廣大者，守之以儉。 |
| 《大戴禮記》: | 君子恭而不難，安而不舒，遜而不諂，寬而不縱，惠而不儉，直而不徑，亦可謂知矣。 |
| 《白虎通德論·禮樂》: | 禮者，盛不足節有餘，使豐年不奢，凶年不儉，貧富不相懸也。 |
| 《新書·道術》: | 廣較自斂謂之儉，反儉為侈。 |
| 《孔子家語·致思》: | 魯有儉嗇者，瓦鬲煮食食之，自謂其美。 |
| 《潛夫論·務本》: | 今多違志儉養，約生以待終，終沒之後，乃崇餝喪紀以言孝，盛饗賓旅以求名，誣善之徒，從而稱之，此亂孝悌之真行，而誤後生之痛者也。 |
| 《論衡·語增》: | 《傳》語曰：「堯、舜之儉，茅茨不剪，采椽不斲。」 |
| 《風俗通義·孝文帝》: | 及即位為天子，躬自節儉，集上書囊以為前殿惟，常居明光宮聽政。 |
| 《孔叢子·記義》: | 宰予對曰：「自臣侍從夫子以來，竊見其言不離道，動不違仁，貴義尚德，清素好儉。」 |
| 《忠經·廣至理章》: | 徹侈則人從儉。 |
| 《素書·求人之志章》: | 恭儉謙約，所以自守。 |
| 《新語·無為》: | 故君之御下，民奢侈者，則應之以儉。 |
| 《獨斷·卷下》: | 孝明臨崩遺詔遵儉毋起寢廟，藏主于世祖廟。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 今也純儉。 |
| 《文子·道原》: | 儉薄無名，無名者賤輕也。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 二曰儉，賦歛若取之於己也。 |
| 《韓非子·十過》: | 由余對曰：「臣嘗得聞之矣，常以儉得之，以奢失之。」 |
| 《管子·形勢解》: | 人惰而侈則貧，力而儉則富。 |
| 《六韜·國務》: | 儉宮室、臺榭，則樂之。 |
| 《淮南子·齊俗訓》: | 明乎生死之分，通乎侈儉之適者也。 |
| 《呂氏春秋·召類》: | 故明堂茅茨蒿柱，土階三等，以見節儉。 |
| 《尹文子·大道上》: | 昔晉國苦奢，文公以儉矯之，乃衣不重帛，食不兼肉，無幾時，人皆大布之衣，脫粟之飯。 |
| 《鄧析子·轉辭》: | 恭之與儉，敬之與傲，四者失之脩。 |
| 《史記·周本紀》: | 成王既崩，二公率諸侯，以太子釗見於先王廟，申告以文王、武王之所以為王業之不易，務在節儉，毋多欲，以篤信臨之，作顧命。 |
| 《春秋左傳》: | 二年，春，宋督攻孔氏，殺孔父而取其妻，公怒，督懼，遂弒殤公，君子以督為有無君之心，而後動於惡，故先書弒其君，會于稷，以成宋亂，為賂故，立華氏也，宋殤公立，十年十一戰，民不堪命，孔父嘉為司馬，督為大宰，故因民之不堪命，先宣言曰，司馬則然，已殺孔父而弒殤公，召莊公于鄭而立之，以親鄭，以郜大鼎賂公，齊陳鄭皆有賂，故遂相宋公，夏，四月，取郜大鼎于宋，戊申，納于大廟，非禮也，臧哀伯諫曰，君人者，將昭德塞違，以臨照百官，猶懼或失之，故昭令德以示子孫，是以清廟茅屋，大路越席，大羹不致，粢食不鑿，昭其儉也，袞，冕，黻，珽，帶，裳，幅，舄，衡，紞，紘，綖，昭其度也，藻率，鞞，鞛，鞶，厲，游，纓，昭其數也，火，龍，黼，黻，昭其文也，五色比象，昭其物也，鍚，鸞，和，鈴，昭其聲也，三辰旂旗，昭其明也，夫德，儉而有度，登降有數，文物以紀之，聲明以發之，以臨照百官，百官於是乎戒懼，而不敢易紀律，今滅德立違，而寘其賂器於大廟，以明示百官，百官象之，其又何誅焉。 |
| 《逸周書·史記解》: | 斧小不勝柯者亡，昔有鄶君嗇儉，減爵損祿，群臣卑讓，上下不臨，後鄶小弱，禁罰不行，重氏伐之，鄶君以亡。 |
| 《國語·楚語上》: | 攝而不徹，則明施舍以導之忠，明久長以導之信，明度量以導之義，明等級以導之禮，明恭儉以導之孝，明敬戒以導之事，明慈愛以導之仁，明昭利以導之文，明除害以導之武，明精意以導之罰，明正德以導之賞，明齊肅以耀之臨。 |
| 《晏子春秋》: | 晏子對曰：「法其節儉則可，法其服，居其室，無益也。」 |
| 《吳越春秋》: | 今越國富饒，君王節儉，請可報恥。 |
| 《越絕書·外傳枕中》: | 越王曰：「寡人躬行節儉，下士求賢，不使名過實，此寡人所能行也。」 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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