| Chinese Text Project |
| 子張問曰： | Zi Zhang asked, saying, |
| 「令尹子文三仕為令尹， | "The minister Zi Wen thrice took office, |
| 無喜色； | and manifested no joy in his countenance. |
| 三已之， | Thrice he retired from office, |
| 無慍色。 | and manifested no displeasure. |
| 舊令尹之政，必以告新令尹。 | He made it a point to inform the new minister of the way in which he had conducted the government |
| 何如？」 | - what do you say of him?" |
| 子曰： | The Master replied. |
| 「忠矣。」 | "He was loyal." |
| 曰：「仁矣乎？」 | "Was he perfectly virtuous?" |
| 曰：「未知， | "I do not know. |
| 焉得仁？」 | How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?" |
| Zi Zhang proceeded, | |
| 「崔子弒齊君， | "When the officer Cui killed the prince of Qi, |
| 陳文子有馬十乘， | Chen Wen, though he was the owner of forty horses, |
| 棄而違之。 | abandoned them and left the country. |
| 至於他邦， | Coming to another state, |
| 則曰： | he said, |
| 『猶吾大夫崔子也。』 | 'They are here like our great officer, Cui,' |
| 違之。 | and left it. |
| 之一邦， | He came to a second state, |
| 則又曰： | and again said |
| 『猶吾大夫崔子也。』 | 'They are here like our great officer, Cui,' |
| 違之。 | and left it also |
| 何如？」 | - what do you say of him?" |
| 子曰： | The Master replied, |
| 「清矣。」 | "He was pure." |
| 曰：「仁矣乎？」 | "Was he perfectly virtuous?" |
| 曰：「未知。 | "I do not know. |
| 焉得仁？」 | How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?" |
| Character | Composition | Variants | Reading | Meaning | Hanyu | Kangxi | Cihai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 子張 | 子+0 弓+8 | 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 弡 张 | zǐ zhāng ㄗˇ ㄓㄤ | Same as 「顓孫師」 zhuān sūn shī ㄓㄨㄢ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄕ: 陳國人，姓顓孫，名師，字子張，孔子的學生。 Zi Zhang, a student of Confucius. | v2,p1006#06 v2,p0997#05 | p.277#01 p.359#19 | p.395r1c01 p.502r2c02 |
| 問 | 口+8 | 𠳅 问 | wèn ㄨㄣˋ | (1.1) 詢問。 Ask, inquire. | v7,p4284#03 | p.195#10 | p.279r3c03 |
| 曰 | 曰+0 | yuē ㄩㄝ | (1) 說。 Say, speak. | v2,p1482#02 | p.502#01 | p.648r3c03 | |
| 令 | 人+3 | 令 | lìng ㄌㄧㄥˋ | Order, decree / Drinking game. / Give an order, issue a command. / Cause, make. / Seasons. / Official title: top administrative official in a district. / Official title: central or local official in charge of a particular function. / Good, good looking. / Respectful term for another's family. / A short form of writing. / Words said out of politeness or diplomacy. | v1,p0111#10 | p.93#12 | p.87r2c01 |
| líng ㄌㄧㄥˊ | If. / Wagtail. | ||||||
| lián ㄌㄧㄢˊ | Same as 「令居」 lián jū ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄩ: [Name of a place] | ||||||
| 尹 | 丿+3 | 𢃵 𢃹 𢃁 𢃂 | yǐn ㄧㄣˇ | govern; oversee; director | v2,p0964#01 | p.299#27 | p.445r5c01 |
| 子 | 子+0 | 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 | zǐ ㄗˇ | Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac. | v2,p1006#06 | p.277#01 | p.395r1c01 |
| 文 | 文+0 | 㒚 穩 | wén ㄨㄣˊ | Mixture of colours. / Decorative design. / Portray in words or pictures. / Adornment, embellishment. / External appearance. / Characters, words. / Books, works. / Confucian doctrine. / Civilian, non-military. / Drum (musical instrument). / Measure word for money. | v3,p2169#01 | p.477#01 | p.608r4c02 |
| wèn ㄨㄣˋ | Adorn, embellish. / Conceal, gloss over. | ||||||
| 三 | 一+2 | 叁 弎 | sān sàn ㄙㄢ ㄙㄢˋ | three | v1,p0004#03 | p.76#05 | p.11r2c01 |
| 仕 | 人+3 | shì ㄕˋ | official; serve government | v1,p0112#03 | p.92#07 | p.85r2c02 | |
| 為 | 火+5 | 爲 为 | wéi ㄨㄟˊ | Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question. | v3,p2198#11 | p.669#10 | p.844r4c03 |
| wèi ㄨㄟˋ | Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake. | ||||||
| 無 | 火+8 | 𣟒 𣚨 𠘩 无 橆 | wú ㄨˊ | Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated. | v3,p2211#15 | p.673#26 | p.848r2c04 |
| 喜 | 口+9 | 憙 憘 𢐭 歖 | xǐ ㄒㄧˇ | like, love, enjoy; joyful thing | v1,p0649#02 | p.199#05 | p.283r6c03 |
| 色 | 色+0 | 𢒸 | sè ㄙㄜˋ | Colour. / [Facial] appearance, countenance. / Become angry. / Feminine beauty. / Appearance. | v5,p3071#01 | p.1014#02 | p.1120r1c01 |
| 已 | 己+0 | yǐ ㄧˇ | (5) 離開，免官。 Leave [a post], retire. | v2,p0984#01 | p.326#11 | p.467r3c01 | |
| 之 | 丿+3 | 㞢 | zhī ㄓ | Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning. | v1,p0043#01 | p.82#04 | p.47r2c02 |
| 慍 | 心+10 | 愠 | yùn ㄩㄣˋ | (1) 含怒，生氣。 Anger. | v4,p2337#03 | p.398#11 | p.541r3c04 |
| 舊 | 臼+12 | 旧 | jiù ㄐㄧㄡˋ | old, ancient; former, past | v5,p3043#18 | p.1006#01 | p.1114r6c01 |
| 政 | 攴+4 | zhèng zhēng ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥ | government, political affairs | v2,p1453#03 | p.469#06 | p.601r2c01 | |
| 必 | 心+1 | bì ㄅㄧˋ | surely, most certainly; must | v4,p2267#02 | p.375#02 | p.522r5c01 | |
| 以 | 人+3 | 㠯 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely. | v1,p0105#07 | p.94#01 | p.87r6c01 |
| 告 | 口+4 | 吿 | gào ㄍㄠˋ | tell, announce, inform; accuse | v1,p0589#12 | p.181#19 | |
| 新 | 斤+9 | 𢀝 | xīn ㄒㄧㄣ | new, recent, fresh, modern | v3,p2026#21 | p.480#10 | p.615r6c01 |
| 何 | 人+5 | hé ㄏㄜˊ | Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent. | v1,p0130#04 | p.98#15 | p.97r2c04 | |
| hē ㄏㄜ | Criticize, condemn. | ||||||
| hè ㄏㄜˋ | Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden. | ||||||
| 如 | 女+3 | rú ㄖㄨˊ | Go to. / According to, in accordance with. / Like, similar to. / As good as, comparable to. / Should. / Or, alternatively. / If, should it be the case. / As for, as regards. / Adjectival suffix. | v2,p1025#09 | p.255#21 | p.378r5c02 | |
| 子 | 子+0 | 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 | zǐ ㄗˇ | (2.1) 古代對男子的美稱。也用以尊稱對方。 Respectful term for a man. | v2,p1006#06 | p.277#01 | p.395r1c01 |
| 忠 | 心+4 | zhōng ㄓㄨㄥ | loyalty, devotion, fidelity | v4,p2273#15 | p.377#13 | p.524r1c02 | |
| 矣 | 矢+2 | 𠤘 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request. | v4,p2580#04 | p.823#37 | p.955r5c01 |
| 仁 | 人+2 | 忈 忎 𡰥 | rén ㄖㄣˊ | humaneness, benevolence, kindness | v1,p0107#01 | p.91#07 | |
| 乎 | 丿+4 | 虖 | hū ㄏㄨ | (1.1) 語氣詞：表示疑問或反問，相當於「嗎」或「呢」。 Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. | v1,p0036#08 | p.82#07 | p.47r3c03 |
| 未 | 木+1 | wèi ㄨㄟˋ | not yet; 8th terrestrial branch | v2,p1150#01 | p.509#05 | p.665r4c01 | |
| 知 | 矢+3 | 𢇻 𥎿 | zhī ㄓ | Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of. | v4,p2581#02 | p.824#01 | p.955r5c02 |
| zhì ㄓˋ | Wisdom. | ||||||
| 焉 | 火+7 | yān ㄧㄢ | Same as 「之(2)」 zhī ㄓ: Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Same as 「之(3)」 zhī ㄓ: Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Demonstrative pronoun and modal particle: than this. / Interrogative pronoun: how, where. / Interrogative pronoun: what. / Connective: and, then. / Preposition: in. / Modal particle. / Adjectival or adverbal suffix. | v3,p2206#14 | p.672#21 | p.847r5c01 | |
| 得 | 彳+8 | 𢔶 䙷 𢔨 | dé ㄉㄜˊ | Get, obtain. / Plunder. / Covet. / Success. / Fitting, appropriate. / Compatible. / Satisfied, pleased. / Possible, can. / Same as 「德(1)」 dé ㄉㄜˊ: Morals, morality. / Same as 「德(3)」 dé ㄉㄜˊ: Reward kindness, thank. | v2,p0828#03 | p.367#31 | p.513r6c02 |
| 崔子 | 山+8 子+0 | 磪 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 | cuī zǐ ㄘㄨㄟ ㄗˇ | Same as 「齊崔杼」 qí cuī zhù ㄑㄧˊ ㄘㄨㄟ ㄓㄨˋ: [人名] [Name of a person] | v1,p0780#17 v2,p1006#06 | p.314#06 p.277#01 | p.458r6c02 p.395r1c01 |
| 弒 | 弋+10 | 弑 | shì ㄕˋ | to kill one's superior | v1,p0559#19 | p.355#14 | p.499r3c03 |
| 齊 | 齊+0 | 亝 斉 斋 齋 齐 | qí ㄑㄧˊ | Orderly, uniform. / Together, along with. / Equal, the same. / Level, of equal height. / Regulate, put in order. / Order, command. / Complete, entire. / Very fast, nimble. / Limit, boundary. / To limit, to impose a boundary on. / Distinguish, separate. / Navel, bellybutton. / Central. / Swirl, vortex. / The pre-Qin state of Qi. | v7,p4783#01 | p.1531#06 | p.1569r4c01 |
| jī ㄐㄧ | Rise up, climb. / Preserved vegetables. | ||||||
| jì ㄐㄧˋ | Blend, mix together, prepare (medicine). / Condiments. / Medicine. / Portion, dose. / Proportion of metal in an alloy. | ||||||
| jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢˇ | Cut off. | ||||||
| zhāi ㄓㄞ | Fast, abstain from meat, wine, etc. / Solemnity. / Dignified, respectful. | ||||||
| zī ㄗ | Lower hem of an item of clothing. / Raise the lower part of the funeral dress. | ||||||
| 君 | 口+4 | 𠱩 𠱭 | jūn ㄐㄩㄣ | The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern. | v1,p0595#06 | p.177#07 | p.256r6c08 |
| 陳文子 | 阜+8 文+0 子+0 | 𨸬 軙 敶 陣 陈 㒚 穩 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 | chén wén zǐ ㄔㄣˊ ㄨㄣˊ ㄗˇ | [人名] [Name of a person] | v6,p4136#01 v3,p2169#01 v2,p1006#06 | p.1353#19 p.477#01 p.277#01 | p.1424r5c01 p.608r4c02 p.395r1c01 |
| 有 | 月+2 | | yǒu ㄧㄡˇ | Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region. | v3,p2041#05 | p.504#20 | p.656r5c01 |
| yòu ㄧㄡˋ | Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover. | ||||||
| 馬 | 馬+0 | 𢒠 𩡬 𢒗 马 | mǎ ㄇㄚˇ | horse; surname; KangXi radical 187 | v7,p4539#01 | p.1433#01 | p.1499r1c01 |
| 十 | 十+0 | 拾 拾 | shí ㄕˊ | ten, tenth; complete; perfect | v1,p0058#09 | p.155#17 | p.207r5c02 |
| 乘 | 丿+9 | 乗 𠅞 𠓸 𨍱 | chéng ㄔㄥˊ | Drive. / Ride. / Rule, govern. / Wear, put on. / Ascend, go up. / Defend. / Adjust to, take advantage of. / Depend on, rely on. / Trample. / Bully and humiliate. / Conquer, overcome in battle. / Launch an attack on, chase. / Inherit, carry on the wishes of. / Calculate. / Multiply (arithmetic). | v1,p0040#01 | p.83#09 | p.47r5c01 |
| shèng ㄕㄥˋ | Chariot, fighting vehicle with four horses. / Chariot-riding soldiers. / Chariot horse. / Measure word, used for counting vehicles, horses, boats, etc. / Measure word. Unit of area equal to four qiu. / Four. / Pair up. / Name of a book of the state of Jin. | ||||||
| 棄 | 木+8 | 弃 𢍞 𨓋 | qì ㄑㄧˋ | reject, abandon, discard | v2,p1237#07 | p.531#15 | p.702r4c01 |
| 而 | 而+0 | ér ㄦˊ | Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle. | v4,p2810#01 | p.961#18 | p.1080r2c03 | |
| néng ㄋㄥˊ | Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent. | ||||||
| 違 | 辵+9 | 违 | wéi huí ㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ | disobey, violate, defy; be apart from | v6,p3868#04 | p.1262#11 | p.1329r2c01 |
| 至 | 至+0 | 𦤳 𦤴 𦤵 𡊏 | zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ | reach, arrive; extremely, very | v4,p2814#01 | p.1001#11 | p.1111r3c04 |
| 於 | 方+4 | 烏 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵 | yú ㄩˊ | Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning. | v3,p2175#02 | p.481#11 | p.622r2c03 |
| 他 | 人+3 | 她 牠 | tā ㄊㄚ | other, another; he, she, it | v1,p0115#06 | p.92#09 | p.85r2c03 |
| 邦 | 邑+4 | 𤰫 𨚚 邫 | bāng ㄅㄤ | nation, country, state | v6,p3756#14 | p.1269#05 | p.1336r4c01 |
| 則 | 刀+7 | 𠟻 𠟭 𠞋 𠟔 则 | zé ㄗㄜˊ | Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if. | v1,p0340#06 | p.139#31 | p.183r5c05 |
| 猶 | 犬+9 | 犹 | yóu ㄧㄡˊ | A species of monkey / Same, similar. / Similarly, in the same way. / Like, similar to. / Can, able to. / Fitting, suitable. / Still, nevertheless. / Additionally, furthermore. / Connective expression concession: although, despite. / Connective expression supposition: if. / Stratagem, plot. / Method, way. / Scheme, conspire. / Road, path. / Criticize, fault. / Relaxed, at ease. / Same as 「由(1.1)」 yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Do, carry out. / Same as 「由(5.2)」 yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Preposition: from. / Same as 「由(5.1)」 yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Preposition: due to, because of. / Name of a river in modern Shaanxi, flowing into the Yellow River. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely. | v2,p1359#09 | p.715#20 | p.878r1c06 |
| yáo ㄧㄠˊ | Tremble, shake. | ||||||
| yōu ㄧㄡ | Good, superior. | ||||||
| 吾 | 口+4 | 𠮣 | wú ㄨˊ | First person pronoun: I, we. / Defend, resist. | v1,p0585#13 | p.180#03 | p.260r5c01 |
| yú ㄩˊ | See 吾吾. | ||||||
| yá ㄧㄚˊ | Yunyu, an ancient district. | ||||||
| 大 | 大+0 | 𠘲 | dà ㄉㄚˋ | Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range. | v1,p0520#01 | p.248#01 | p.342r3c03 |
| tài ㄊㄞˋ | Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil. | ||||||
| 夫 | 大+1 | fū ㄈㄨ | General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu. | v1,p0521#01 | p.248#11 | p.367r2c01 | |
| fú ㄈㄨˊ | Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation. | ||||||
| 也 | 乙+2 | 𠃟 匜 | yě ㄧㄝˇ | Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause. | v1,p0050#05 | p.84#04 | p.55r1c01 |
| 一 | 一+0 | 弌 壹 | yī ㄧ | one; a, an; alone | v1,p0001#01 | p.75#01 | p.1r1c01 |
| 又 | 又+0 | yòu ㄧㄡˋ | Hand. / Again, once more. / Moreover. / And, while. Expresses two situations happening at once or sequential action. / And yet. Expresses contrast. / Offer wine. / Forgive. | v1,p0390#01 | p.164#43 | p.233r4c03 | |
| 清 | 水+8 | 淸 | qīng qìng ㄑㄧㄥ ㄑㄧㄥˋ | clear, pure, clean; peaceful | v3,p1637#11 | p.633#37 |
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