Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Daoism -> Zhuangzi -> Outer Chapters -> The Revolution of Heaven -> 7.1

孔子謂老聃曰：	Confucius said to Lao Dan,
「丘治《詩》、《書》、《禮》、《樂》、《易》、《春秋》六經，	'I have occupied myself with the Shi, the Shu, the Li, the Yue, the Yi, and the Chun Qiu, those six Books,
自以為久矣，	for what I myself consider a long time,
孰知其故矣，	and am thoroughly acquainted with their contents.
以奸者七十二君，	With seventy-two rulers, all offenders against the right,
論先王之道而明周、召之跡，	I have discoursed about the ways of the former kings, and set forth the examples (of the dukes of Zhou and Shao);
一君無所鉤用。甚矣夫！	and not one of them has adopted (my views) and put them in practice:
人之難說也，	how very difficult it is to prevail on such men,
道之難明邪！」	and to make clear the path to be pursued!'

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
孔子	子+1 子+0	𡤿㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	kǒng zǐ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家，名丘，字仲尼。 Confucius, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v2,p1008#04 v2,p1006#06	p.277#09 p.277#01	p.396r6c02 p.395r1c01
謂	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as 「為(21.3)」 wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as 「為(10)」 wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
老聃	老+0 耳+5	耂𠄰耼𨈭	lǎo dān ㄌㄠˇ ㄉㄢ	傳說中《道德經》的作者。 Laozi, supposed author of the Daodejing.	v4,p2778#01 v4,p2786#11	p.960#25 p.966#19	p.1077r3c03 p.1082r6c02
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 說。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
丘	一+4	丠㐀坵㘳	qiū ㄑㄧㄡ	hill; elder; empty; a name	v1,p0017#01	p.77#14	p.36r4c01
治	水+5	乿	zhì ㄓˋ	Rule, administer. / Well ruled, peaceful and orderly. / Punish, execute. / Cure, treat (an illness). / Prepare. / Construct. / Research, study.	v3,p1599#06	p.614#07	p.776r5c02
詩	言+6	𧥳诗	shī ㄕ	poetry; poem, verse, ode	v6,p3961#05	p.1157#15	p.1242r5c03
書	曰+6	书	shū ㄕㄨ	book, letter, document; writings	v2,p1509#09	p.502#12	p.650r3c02
禮	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
樂	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	(3) 樂經。 The (now lost) classic of music.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
易	日+4	易	yì ㄧˋ	change; easy	v2,p1494#01	p.492#03	p.633r6c01
春	日+5	萅𦸬旾𣈤	chūn chǔn ㄔㄨㄣㄔㄨㄣˇ	spring; wanton	v2,p1496#10	p.493#06	p.636r3c02
秋	禾+4	𪚼龝𪔁䆋秌𥤛	qiū ㄑㄧㄡ	autumn, fall; year	v4,p2595#05	p.850#06	p.988r2c06
六	八+2	六陸	liù lù ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄌㄨˋ	number six	v1,p0241#09	p.127#01	p.154r5c01
經	糸+7	経𦀇𤔕坕经	jīng jìng ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥˋ	classic works; pass through	v5,p3402#11	p.925#24	p.1045r5c01
自	自+0	𦣹鼻	zì ㄗˋ	Oneself. / Begin, beginning. / From. / Originally. / Natural, naturally. / Supposing, if. / Even, even if.	v5,p3046#01	p.1000#07	p.1108r3c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
為	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
久	丿+2	乆	jiǔ ㄐㄧㄡˇ	long time (ago); time passage, grow late	v1,p0033#03	p.81#19	p.47r1c02
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
孰	子+8	塾	shú ㄕㄨˊ	who? which? what? which one?	v2,p1016#14	p.280#05	p.403r1c03
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
奸	女+3	姦	jiān ㄐㄧㄢ	crafty, villainous, false	v2,p1025#01	p.255#04	p.378r1c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
七	一+1	柒	qī ㄑㄧ	seven	v1,p0003#03	p.75#07	p.7r4c02
十	十+0	拾拾	shí ㄕˊ	ten, tenth; complete; perfect	v1,p0058#09	p.155#17	p.207r5c02
二	二+0	贰弍貳	èr ㄦˋ	two; twice	v1,p0002#01	p.86#01	p.58r6c01
君	口+4	𠱩𠱭	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern.	v1,p0595#06	p.177#07	p.256r6c08
論	言+8	論论	lùn lún ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ	debate; discuss; discourse	v6,p3988#03	p.1168#13	p.1249r3c02
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	(1.1) 夏商周三代的最高統治者。 King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
道	辵+9	𨕥衟𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
明	日+4	朙	míng ㄇㄧㄥˊ	Bright, brilliant. / Daytime. / Clear, obvious. / Clarify, make clear. / Understand. / Straightforwardly, clearly. / Clear, clean. / Wise. / Make wise. / Spirit, god. / Respect. / Eyesight. / Good eyesight. / See clearly. / The following (day, month, year, etc.).	v2,p1491#08	p.491#12	p.631r3c01
周	口+5	週𠱬𠄗	zhōu ㄓㄡ	Surround. / Cyclicly, repeatedly. / (Travel) widely. / Careful, detailed. / Firm, unshaken. / Measure word: number of times. / Friendly, approachable. / Suitable, appropriate (for). / Turning place, corner. / Most (superlative). / Assist financially. / The Zhou dynasty.	v1,p0606#03	p.181#36
召	口+2		zhào shào ㄓㄠˋ ㄕㄠˋ	imperial decree; summon	v1,p0574#03	p.172#07	p.243r5c01
跡	足+6	蹟迹速	jī jì ㄐㄧㄐㄧˋ	search, track, trace	v6,p3706#02	p.1224#16	p.1290r6c03
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
鉤	金+5	鈎钩	gōu gòu qú ㄍㄡㄍㄡˋ ㄑㄩˊ	hook, barb; sickle; stroke with	v6,p4188#06	p.1302#08	p.1375r3c03
用	用+0	𤰆𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
甚	甘+4	什𠯕𥱅	shén shí shèn ㄕㄣˊ ㄕˊ ㄕㄣˋ	great extent; considerably	v1,p0025#05	p.754#06	p.906r4c01
夫	大+1		fú ㄈㄨˊ	(6.3) 語氣詞：用於句尾，表示感嘆。 Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
難	隹+11	𩁢𩁬𩀙𩁣𩁲𩁩𩀏𩁤难	nán ㄋㄢˊ	Difficult, not easy. / Make difficult, think difficult.	v6,p4108#05	p.1370#05	p.1446r3c01
			nàn ㄋㄢˋ	Disaster. / Blame. / Censure, reject. / Resent. / Hate. / Doctrine, thesis.
			nǎn ㄋㄢˇ	Fear.
			nuó ㄋㄨㄛˊ	Luxuriant. / Ceremony to banish sprits thought responsible for contagion. / How, why.
說	言+7	説说	shuō ㄕㄨㄛ	Explain. / Tell. / Advocate. / Oath. / A type of writing expounding upon a canon.	v6,p3979#03	p.1164#08	p.1246r4c02
			shuì ㄕㄨㄟˋ	Recommend, persuade. / Stop.
			yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Same as 「悅(1)」 yuè ㄩㄝˋ: Happy, pleased, like. / To please.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
邪	邑+4	耶	xié ㄒㄧㄝˊ	Wicked, evil. / Wicked or evil person. / Evil or demonic things. / Cause of illness. / Lean, slant.	v6,p3758#04	p.1269#14	p.1336r5c01
			yú ㄩˊ	Excess.
			xú ㄒㄩˊ	Slow, slow moving.
			yé ㄧㄝˊ	Particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. / Particle expressing assertion.

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