Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 11 -> Minor Illustrations -> 6

且夫讀書，非書也；好	Reading books is not books; liking reading books is liking books.
讀書，¹好書也。
且鬥雞，非雞也；	Fighting cocks is not cocks;
好鬥雞，好雞也。	liking fighting cocks is liking cocks.
且入井，非入井也；	Being about to fall into a well is not falling into a well;
止且入井，止入井也。	stopping someone about to fall into a well is stopping someone from falling into a well.
且出門，非出門也；	Being about to go out is not going out;
止且出門，止出門也。	stopping someone about to go out is stopping someone going out.
若若是，	If this is so, then:
且夭，非夭也；	Being about to die young is not dying young;
壽夭也。	stopping someone about to die young is stopping someone from dying young.
有命，非命也；	Taking there being fate is not fate;
非執有命，非命也，	opposing those who take that there is fate is opposing fate.
無難矣。	It is not difficult.

此與彼同類	This and that are the same,
²，
世有彼而不自非也，	the world has that and do not oppose themselves.
墨者有此而罪非之，	We Mohists have these and yet they blame and oppose us.
無也故焉，	There can be no other reason
所謂內膠外閉與心毋空乎？	than that they are stopped up within and closed without; their heart-minds are all filled in!
內膠而不解也。此乃不³是而然者也。	These are the the "not thus and so".

1. 書也；好讀書， : Inserted.
2. 類 : Inserted.
3. 不 : Inserted.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
且	一+4	𠀇𠀃	qiě ㄑㄧㄝˇ	(3.1) 副詞：將要。 Adverb: will.	v1,p0015#05	p.77#07	p.34r6c02
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
讀	言+15	讀读	dú dòu ㄉㄨˊ ㄉㄡˋ	read, study; pronounce	v6,p4029#01	p.1185#27	p.1257r3c05
書	曰+6	书	shū ㄕㄨ	book, letter, document; writings	v2,p1509#09	p.502#12	p.650r3c02
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	(8) 副詞：不，不是。 Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hǎo ㄏㄠˇ	Attractive appearance. / Wonderful, beautiful. / Healthy, fit. / Excellent. / Harmonious. / Complete. / In order to. / Adverb: very. / Adverb: many or long.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
			hào ㄏㄠˋ	Like, find pleasing. / Hole in a piece of jade or a coin..
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hào ㄏㄠˋ	(5) 喜愛，親善。 Like, find pleasing.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	(1.1) 句末語氣詞：表示判斷和肯定。 Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
鬥	鬥+0	鬬鬭鬦鬪斗	dòu ㄉㄡˋ	struggle, fight, compete, contend	v7,p4515#01	p.1457#29	p.1519r6c05
雞	隹+10	鷄鳮鸡	jī ㄐㄧ	chickens; domestic fowl	v6,p4105#02	p.1369#02	p.1443r6c01
入	入+0		rù ㄖㄨˋ	(1) 進入，與「出」相對。 Enter, go into.	v1,p0102#01	p.125#32	p.141r1c03
井	二+2	丼	jǐng ㄐㄧㄥˇ	well, mine shaft, pit	v1,p0010#04	p.86#14	p.72r4c01
止	止+0	只	zhǐ ㄓˇ	stop, halt, desist; detain	v2,p1435#03	p.573#24	p.732r3c02
出	凵+3	岀	chū ㄔㄨ	Go out, exit. / Outside, without. / Take up a post. / Exile, banish. / Abandon (one's wife). / Free, release. / Give out, hand over. / Give, offer. / Send out, distribute. / Exceed. / Appear, emerge. / Create, make. / Produce, cause to grow. / Bear, give birth. / Origin, place of birth. / Part of an object which extends outwards. / Measure word: times, occurrences. / Measure word: section.	v1,p0307#08	p.135#11	p.172r1c01
門	門+0	门	mén ㄇㄣˊ	gate, door, entrance, opening	v7,p4281#01	p.1329#53	p.1403r4c05
若	艸+5	若𦱡𦱶𧁇	ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	(12) 如果。 If, should it be the case.	v5,p3187#07	p.1023#12	p.1130r1c03
若	艸+5	若𦱡𦱶𧁇	ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	(5) 好像，好似。 Like, similar to.	v5,p3187#07	p.1023#12	p.1130r1c03
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	(4) 指示代詞：此。 Demonstrative pronoun: this.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
夭	大+1	殀	yāo wò wāi yǎo ㄧㄠㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄞㄧㄠˇ	young, fresh-looking; die young	v1,p0523#02	p.249#03	p.367r6c02
壽	士+11	寿夀𦓃𦓂𠭵𠷎	shòu ㄕㄡˋ	old age, long life; lifespan	v1,p0483#10	p.244#04	p.334r3c02
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
命	口+5		mìng ㄇㄧㄥˋ	(6) 命運。 Fate.	v1,p0604#11	p.183#18	p.266r6c01
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as 「誹(2)」 fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
執	土+8	执𠌷	zhí ㄓˊ	hold in hand; keep; carry out	v1,p0457#05	p.231#09	p.321r1c02
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	(3.1) 副詞：表示否定，相當於「不」、「未」。 Adverb expressing negation: not.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
難	隹+11	𩁢𩁬𩀙𩁣𩁲𩁩𩀏𩁤难	nán ㄋㄢˊ	(1.1) 不易，困難。 Difficult, not easy.	v6,p4108#05	p.1370#05	p.1446r3c01
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	(1.1) 語氣詞：表示陳述。相當於現代漢語的「了」。 Modal particle used to express declaration.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	(1.1) 這。與「彼」相對。 This.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
與	臼+8	与𢌱𦦲𠔔	yǔ ㄩˇ	(10.1) 連詞，相當於「和」、「同」。 Connective: and, with.	v1,p0251#04	p.1004#13	p.1113r2c03
彼	彳+5		bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	(1.1) 那。與「此」相對。 That.	v2,p0817#10	p.365#25	p.509r6c02
同	口+3	仝衕	tóng tòng ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ	same, similar; together with	v1,p0578#01	p.175#06	p.252r1c01
類	頁+10	類𩔗类	lèi lì ㄌㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ	class, group, kind, category	v7,p4387#04	p.1408#13	p.1481r3c03
世	一+4	丗卋	shì ㄕˋ	generation; world; era	v1,p0014#06	p.77#11	p.35r1c02
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副詞：用於動詞、形容詞等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
自	自+0	𦣹鼻	zì ㄗˋ	(1) 自己，自身。 Oneself.	v5,p3046#01	p.1000#07	p.1108r3c01
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	(4) 反對，責怪。 Oppose, object to.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
墨	黑+3		mò ㄇㄛˋ	指墨翟及其弟子、後學人。 Mozi, founder of the Mohist school, and his followers.	v1,p0487#03	p.238#40	p.329r2c03
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	(1.1) 代詞：用於動詞、形容詞等詞語之後，指人或事物。 Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
罪	网+8	辠𡈚	zuì ㄗㄨㄟˋ	crime, sin, vice; evil; hardship	v4,p2920#07	p.948#13	p.1065r2c06
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	(3) 第三人稱代詞：他、她、它。 Third person pronoun: him, her, it.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	(1) 沒有。 Not have.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	(1) 緣故，原因。 Cause.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
焉	火+7		yān ㄧㄢ	Same as 「之(2)」 zhī ㄓ: Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Same as 「之(3)」 zhī ㄓ: Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Demonstrative pronoun and modal particle: than this. / Interrogative pronoun: how, where. / Interrogative pronoun: what. / Connective: and, then. / Preposition: in. / Modal particle. / Adjectival or adverbal suffix.	v3,p2206#14	p.672#21	p.847r5c01
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
謂	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as 「為(21.3)」 wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as 「為(10)」 wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
內	入+2	𡗠内	nèi nà ㄋㄟˋ ㄋㄚˋ	inside, interior; domestic	v1,p0097#02	p.125#35	p.141r5c02
膠	肉+11	胶	jiāo jiǎo ㄐㄧㄠㄐㄧㄠˇ	glue, gum, resin, rubber	v3,p2109#06	p.993#08	p.1103r2c02
外	夕+2	𡖄舀	wài ㄨㄞˋ	out, outside, external; foreign	v2,p0860#01	p.246#02	p.336r4c02
閉	門+3	閇闭	bì ㄅㄧˋ	shut, close; obstruct, block up	v7,p4283#08	p.1330#14	p.1405r2c02
與	臼+8	与𢌱𦦲𠔔	yǔ ㄩˇ	Give. / Follow, go along with. / Comrade, ally. / Association, contact. / Oppose. / Engage [an enemy]. / Approve, consent to. / Help. / Wait. / Preposition indicating passive tense. / Preposition: to, with. / Preposition: with. / Preposition: as. / Preposition: in, on. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: with its ... / Connective: or.	v1,p0251#04	p.1004#13	p.1113r2c03
			yù ㄩˋ	Participate, take part in.
			yǔ ㄩˇ	Interfere in.
			yú ㄩˊ	Auxiliary word: used at the end of a sentence to express questioning , exclamation, or a rhetorical question. / Auxiliary word: used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
毋	毋+0		wú móu ㄨˊ ㄇㄡˊ	do not; not; surname; rad. 80	v4,p2380#01	p.588#23	p.745r1c01
空	穴+3		kōng kòng kǒng ㄎㄨㄥㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄨㄥˇ	empty, hollow, bare, deserted	v4,p2719#08	p.863#01	p.997r6c01
乎	丿+4	虖	hū ㄏㄨ	(1.1) 語氣詞：表示疑問或反問，相當於「嗎」或「呢」。 Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v1,p0036#08	p.82#07	p.47r3c03
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
解	角+6	觧	jiě jiè xiè ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄒㄧㄝˋ	loosen, unfasten, untie; explain	v6,p3925#10	p.1142#01	p.1234r3c02
乃	丿+1	廼𢏩𢎧迺𠄎𠧤	nǎi ㄋㄞˇ	Second person pronoun: you. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, thus. / Adverb: expresses affirmation. / Adverb: expresses limiting of scope: only, just. / Adverb: and then. / Adverb: just. / Adverb: expresses two contradictory or contrasting states of affairs. / Adverb: expresses beginning, origin. / Connective: hence / Adverb: regarding, as for. / Connective: if. / Particle, no meaning.	v1,p0031#05	p.81#12	p.46r6c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.

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