Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 1 -> Befriending the Learned -> 5

今有五錐，	Among the five weapons
此其銛，銛者必先挫。	the sharpest will be broken first.
有五刀，	Among the five swords
此其錯，錯者必先靡，	the keenest will be first worn out.
是以甘井近竭，	The sweet wells become sooner dry
招木近伐，	and the elegant trees are oftener felled.
靈龜近灼，	The tortoises that are more responsive are oftener burned
神蛇近暴。	and the snakes that show more magic power are more sacrificed.
是故比干¹之殪，其抗也；	Thus, Bi Gan died of his uprightness;
孟賁之殺，其勇也；	Meng Ben perished by his strength;
西施之沈，其美也；	Xi Shi paid with her life for her beauty;
吳起之裂，其事也。	and Wu Qi was torn alive for his achievement.
故彼人者，寡不死其所長，	This shows that there are but few who excel other people and do not perish on account of it.
故曰：	Hence the saying:
「太盛難守也。」	Position of the supreme is hard to keep.

1. 干 : Originally read: "于". Corrected by 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
五	二+2	伍𠄡㐅	wǔ ㄨˇ	five; surname	v1,p0011#03	p.86#11	p.64r3c01
錐	金+8	锥	zhuī ㄓㄨㄟ	gimlet, awl, drill, auger; bore	v6,p4221#09	p.1309#28	p.1383r4c02
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
銛	金+6	铦	xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	sharp, keen-edged; a kind of hoe	v6,p4198#04	p.1305#11	p.1380r1c02
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
必	心+1		bì ㄅㄧˋ	surely, most certainly; must	v4,p2267#02	p.375#02	p.522r5c01
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
挫	手+7	繲	cuò ㄘㄨㄛˋ	push down; chop down; grind	v3,p1885#03	p.431#22	p.575r5c03
刀	刀+0	刂	dāo ㄉㄠ	knife; old coin; measure	v1,p0319#12	p.135#24	p.173r4c01
錯	金+8	䥘错	cuò cù xī ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄒㄧ	error, blunder, mistake, wrong	v6,p4214#18	p.1312#12	p.1386r4c03
靡	非+11	𪎓	mǐ mí má méi mó ㄇㄧˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄇㄚˊ ㄇㄟˊ ㄇㄛˊ	divide, disperse, scatter	v6,p4088#05	p.1383#02	p.1465r1c02
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
甘	甘+0	𠙸𠙿	gān ㄍㄢ	sweetness; sweet, tasty	v4,p2413#01	p.753#19	p.905r3c03
井	二+2	丼	jǐng ㄐㄧㄥˇ	well, mine shaft, pit	v1,p0010#04	p.86#14	p.72r4c01
近	辵+4	𣥍	jìn jì ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ	near, close; approach; intimate	v6,p3819#12	p.1254#07	p.1312r1c07
竭	立+9		jié ㄐㄧㄝˊ	put forth great effort; exhaust	v4,p2713#20	p.872#29	p.1005r3c04
招	手+5		zhāo qiáo sháo ㄓㄠㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄕㄠˊ	beckon, summon; recruit, levy	v3,p1860#07	p.427#01	p.571r1c04
木	木+0		mù ㄇㄨˋ	tree; wood, lumber; wooden	v2,p1149#06	p.509#01	p.662r5c05
伐	人+4		fá ㄈㄚˊ	Stab, strike with a sword. / Cut down, chop down. / Hit [a drum]. / Launch an attack on. / Remove. / Achievements of battle. / Pride. / Name of a celestial body. / Raised mound between fields. / Shield.	v1,p0120#08	p.96#01	p.92r6c01
靈	雨+16	靈霛𩆮𧨈𩄀𢩙灵	líng lìng ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˋ	spirit, soul; spiritual world	v6,p4082#12	p.1380#24	p.1458r2c07
龜	龜+0	𠃾𠁴𤕣龟	guī ㄍㄨㄟ	Tortoise. / Tortoiseshell used for divining. / Tortoiseshell used as currency. / Seal, stamp. / Hump on the back of an animal. / Starve.	v7,p4809#04	p.1537#26	p.1577r1c01
			jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	Chapping, breaking of the skin of the hands or feet due to cold or dryness.
			qiū ㄑㄧㄡ	See "龜兹".
灼	火+3	烵	zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	burn; broil; cauterize; bright	v3,p2189#16	p.666#17	p.843r2c04
神	示+5	神𥛠	shén shēn ㄕㄣˊ ㄕㄣ	spirit, god, supernatural being	v4,p2392#01	p.842#03
蛇	虫+5	虵𧉮	shé yí tuó chí ㄕㄜˊ ㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄔˊ	snake	v4,p2845#08	p.1080#20	p.1188r1c05
暴	日+11	暴𣋴虣	bào pù bó ㄅㄠˋ ㄆㄨˋ ㄅㄛˊ	violent, brutal, tyrannical	v2,p1532#15	p.499#29	p.646r3c03
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
比	比+0	夶𣬅	bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Compare. / Approve, confirm. / Compare to, see as being the same as. / Similar. / Analogy. / Type, kind, class. / In comparison to. / Example. / One of the six types of classical poetry. / Be close to, be in the company of. / Get near to, approach. / In line, side by side. / The same. / Balance, harmonize. / Collude, conspire. / Favour, partiality. / Fit, suit. / Harmonious. / Assist, subsidize. / Crowded, concentrated. / Connected, in succession. / All, every, everywhere. / Recently. / Until. / For, on behalf of.	v2,p1415#08	p.590#09	p.746r1c02
			pǐ ㄆㄧˇ	Govern.
干	干+0	乾幹	gān gàn hán ㄍㄢㄍㄢˋ ㄏㄢˊ	oppose, offend; invade; dried	v1,p0405#05	p.339#01	p.479r6c03
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
殪	歹+12	𣨑𣩉	yì ㄧˋ	die; kill, exterminate	v2,p1394#08	p.583#25	p.742r3c07
抗	手+4	亢	kàng káng ㄎㄤˋ ㄎㄤˊ	resist, oppose, defy, reject	v3,p1843#04	p.422#02	p.564r1c01
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
孟賁	子+5 貝+5	贲	mèng bēn ㄇㄥˋ ㄅㄣ	[人名] [Name of a person]	v2,p1013#03 v6,p3630#04	p.278#16 p.1207#14	p.399r3c02 p.1274r2c03
殺	殳+7	殺煞𢁛𢽅𢿹𢽆𢼡𢿔𧤿杀	shā ㄕㄚ	Kill. / Corrupt, ruin. / Die. / Fight, kill each other.	v3,p2157#01	p.585#11	p.743r4c02
			shài ㄕㄞˋ	Wither, decline. / Decrease, reduce us of. / Decline, fall.
			sà ㄙㄚˋ	Dim, gloomy appearance.
勇	力+7		yǒng ㄩㄥˇ	brave, courageous, fierce	v1,p0372#07	p.147#35	p.195r4c01
西施	襾+0 方+5	覀𠧧㢴𢒃𠇜𠤒	xī shī ㄒㄧㄕ	春秋時期著名的美女。 Xi Shi, a famous beauty of the Spring and Autumn period.	v4,p2805#02 v3,p2176#06	p.1128#10 p.482#01	p.1221r6c03 p.622r4c02
沈	水+4	沉瀋	chén shěn tán ㄔㄣˊ ㄕㄣˇ ㄊㄢˊ	sink, submerge; addicted to; surname	v3,p1572#07	p.610#06	p.770r1c01
美	羊+3	羙	měi ㄇㄟˇ	beautiful, pretty; pleasing	v5,p3126#05	p.951#10	p.1069r5c01
吳	口+4	呉虞𡗿𡗾吴	wú ㄨˊ	one of warring states; surname	v1,p0595#08	p.179#04	p.258r6c01
起	走+3	𨑓𡆡𨑔	qǐ ㄑㄧˇ	rise, stand up; go up; begin	v5,p3476#02	p.1215#15	p.1284r2c03
裂	衣+6	裂	liè liě ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄧㄝˇ	split, crack, break open; rend	v5,p3087#01	p.1116#18	p.1213r1c01
事	亅+7	亊叓𠭏	shì ㄕˋ	Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve.	v1,p0023#03	p.85#24	p.58r3c02
彼	彳+5		bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	That. / There. / He. / Others, the other. / Not, no.	v2,p0817#10	p.365#25	p.509r6c02
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
寡	宀+11	關	guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ	Few. / Lack, reduce. / A widow; be widowed. / A widower or unmarried man. / Modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers.	v2,p0947#07	p.290#19	p.427r2c02
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
死	歹+2	𠑾𣥴	sǐ ㄙˇ	die; dead; death	v2,p1380#06	p.578#22	p.740r6c06
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
長	長+0	镸𨱗𠤐𠑷𠔊𠑻𠑿𡕣长	cháng zhǎng zhàng ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄤˋ	long; length; excel in; leader	v6,p4050#01	p.1328#07	p.1399r3c04
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	(8) 連詞：所以，因此。 Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 說。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
太	大+1		tài ㄊㄞˋ	very, too, much; big; extreme	v1,p0524#01	p.248#10	p.354r5c01
盛	皿+6		shèng chéng ㄕㄥˋ ㄔㄥˊ	abundant, flourishing; contain; fill	v4,p2562#04	p.794#20	p.939r5c05
難	隹+11	𩁢𩁬𩀙𩁣𩁲𩁩𩀏𩁤难	nán ㄋㄢˊ	Difficult, not easy. / Make difficult, think difficult.	v6,p4108#05	p.1370#05	p.1446r3c01
			nàn ㄋㄢˋ	Disaster. / Blame. / Censure, reject. / Resent. / Hate. / Doctrine, thesis.
			nǎn ㄋㄢˇ	Fear.
			nuó ㄋㄨㄛˊ	Luxuriant. / Ceremony to banish sprits thought responsible for contagion. / How, why.
守	宀+3	𡬮𡬴	shǒu shòu ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄡˋ	defend, protect, guard, conserve	v2,p0912#03	p.282#05	p.405r4c01

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