Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Legalism -> Shang Jun Shu -> Weakening the People -> 11

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
人	人+0	𠔽 亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
众	目+6	衆 𠂝 𥅫 𠱧 众	zhòng ㄓㄨㄥˋ	masses, people, multitude, crowd	v4,p2917#04	p.807#15	p.951r1c02
兵	八+5	𠈯 𠡿	bīng ㄅㄧㄥ	soldier, troops	v1,p0244#04	p.127#10	p.162r1c02
强	弓+8	强 强	qiáng qiǎng jiàng ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ	strong, powerful, energetic	v2,p0999#07	p.359#23	p.504r5c01
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
帝	巾+6	𢂇 𠫦	dì ㄉㄧˋ	supreme ruler, emperor; god	v1,p0738#02	p.330#14	p.474r5c07
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. / Ruler of a vassal state in the warring states period. / Highest title in feudal China. / Meet with the emperor. / Respectful term for one's paternal grandparents.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
			wàng ㄨㄤˋ	Rule as king, control all under heaven. / Enfeoff as king. / Flourish, abound.
			wǎng ㄨㄤˇ	To, go to.
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
大	大+0	𠘲	dà ㄉㄚˋ	Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range.	v1,p0520#01	p.248#01	p.342r3c03
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil.
资	贝+6	资	zī zì ㄗ ㄗˋ	property; wealth; capital	v6,p3640#04	p.1208#05	p.1274r3c05
也	乙+2	𠃟 匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
苟	草+5	茍 𠷜	gǒu gōu ㄍㄡˇ ㄍㄡ	careless, frivolous; illicit; grammatical particle: if, but, if only; surname; grass name; distinguish DKW 30853 (ji4)	v5,p3194#12	p.1023#05	p.1129r6c01
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as “诽(2)” fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
明	日+4	朙	míng ㄇㄧㄥˊ	Bright, brilliant. / Daytime. / Clear, obvious. / Clarify, make clear. / Understand. / Straightforwardly, clearly. / Clear, clean. / Wise. / Make wise. / Spirit, god. / Respect. / Eyesight. / Good eyesight. / See clearly. / The following (day, month, year, etc.).	v2,p1491#08	p.491#12	p.631r3c01
法	水+5	佱 灋 𣳴	fǎ ㄈㄚˇ	Law, penal code. / Principle, system. / Standard. / Method, way of doing. / Follow, imitate. / Adhere to the rules. / The Legalist school.	v3,p1579#04	p.616#11	p.778r4c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
守	宀+3	𡬮 𡬴	shǒu shòu ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄡˋ	defend, protect, guard, conserve	v2,p0912#03	p.282#05	p.405r4c01
与	臼+8	与 𢌱 𦦲 𠔔	yǔ ㄩˇ	Give. / Follow, go along with. / Comrade, ally. / Association, contact. / Oppose. / Engage [an enemy]. / Approve, consent to. / Help. / Wait. / Preposition indicating passive tense. / Preposition: to, with. / Preposition: with. / Preposition: as. / Preposition: in, on. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: with its ... / Connective: or.	v1,p0251#04	p.1004#13	p.1113r2c03
			yù ㄩˋ	Participate, take part in.
			yǔ ㄩˇ	Interfere in.
			yú ㄩˊ	Auxiliary word: used at the end of a sentence to express questioning , exclamation, or a rhetorical question. / Auxiliary word: used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.
危	卩+4	𡵁	wēi wéi ㄨㄟ ㄨㄟˊ	dangerous, precarious; high	v1,p0312#03	p.159#12	p.226r2c01
亡	亠+1	亾 兦	wáng wú ㄨㄤˊ ㄨˊ	death, destroyed; lose, perish	v1,p0279#05	p.88#03	p.75r6c04
为	火+5	爲 为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
邻	邑+12	隣 厸 邻	lín lìn ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄣˋ	neighbor; neighborhood	v6,p3797#11	p.1278#08	p.1347r5c02
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
主	丶+4	丶 宔	zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ	master, chief owner; host; lord	v1,p0044#03	p.80#20	p.45r2c01
察	宀+11	詧	chá ㄔㄚˊ	examine, investigate; notice	v2,p0948#08	p.290#16	p.426r6c05
境	土+11		jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	boundary, frontier; area, region	v1,p0482#06	p.237#17	p.328r2c04
内	入+2	𡗠 内	nèi nà ㄋㄟˋ ㄋㄚˋ	inside, interior; domestic	v1,p0097#02	p.125#35	p.141r5c02
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
无	火+8	𣟒 𣚨 𠘩 无 无	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
辟	辛+6	避 𠈳 𠊸	pì pī bì mǐ ㄆㄧˋ ㄆㄧ ㄅㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ	law, rule; open up, develop	v6,p4037#08	p.1251#06	p.1309r1c02
淫	水+8	婬 㸒	yín yàn yáo ㄧㄣˊ ㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄠˊ	obscene, licentious, lewd	v3,p1654#04	p.631#09	p.805r2c03
心	心+0	㣺 忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
游	水+9	逰 汓 㳺	yóu ㄧㄡˊ	Float, move in water. / Swimming. / Wade or swim across water. / Section of a waterway. / Waterway. / Fly around, circle. / Active, moving. / Float in the air. / Ethereal, unreal. / Praise, venerate. / Spread, hand down. / Walk. / Tour, visit. / Place travelled to. / Villa located in a garden. / Recreation. / Leasurely and contented. / Travel for the purposes of study or official employment. / Persuade (a ruler). / Send someone to persuade (a ruler). / Communication. / Hatching of silkworms. / Exercise, practice. / Unfurling of leaves. / Type of administrative area.	v3,p1684#08	p.635#14	p.813r4c02
			liú ㄌㄧㄡˊ	Tassels of a flag.
处	虍+5	処 䖏 处	chǔ ㄔㄨˇ	Stay, reside. / Settle. / Be in, located in. / Retire. / Appoint, serve in office. / Stop, rest. / Remain, stay. / Implement, carry out. / Handle, process. / Judge, form a judgement. / Decide, fix. / Distinguish, separate. / Standard, rule.	v4,p2822#12	p.1073#25	p.1183r5c02
			chù ㄔㄨˋ	Place, location. / Position, role.
士	士+0		shì ㄕˋ	scholar, gentleman; soldier	v1,p0416#01	p.242#38	p.333r1c03
迫	辵+5	廹	pò pǎi ㄆㄛˋ ㄆㄞˇ	coerce, force, compel; urgent	v6,p3825#04	p.1255#05	p.1313r3c01
于	方+4	乌 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
战	戈+12	戦 战	zhàn ㄓㄢˋ	war, fighting, battle	v2,p1412#12	p.414#11	p.553r5c01
阵	阜+7	𨸬 陈 阵	zhèn ㄓㄣˋ	column, row or file of troops	v6,p4129#07	p.1352#06	p.1422r4c01
万	禸+8	万 卍 㸘 𤍚 𢁭	wàn ㄨㄢˋ	ten thousand; innumerable	v5,p3247#08	p.1042#33	p.1149r4c02
疾	疒+5	𤕼 𤖏 𥏂 𠥻 𤶅	jí ㄐㄧˊ	Illness. / Invalid, sick person. / Suffering, difficulties. / Failing, weakness. / Bad person, evil person. / Become sick, fall ill. / Damage. / Hate. / Angrily. / Jealousy. / Fast, quick. / Exert oneself, spare no effort. / Large.	v4,p2666#10	p.771#22	p.920r4c04
耕	耒+4	畊 简	gēng ㄍㄥ	plow, cultivate	v4,p2770#10	p.962#23	p.1080r5c02
农	辰+6	莀 䢉 𦦥 辳 𨑇 𣊤 𨑋 𨑆 𦦤 农	nóng ㄋㄨㄥˊ	agriculture, farming; farmer	v6,p3607#03	p.1252#24	p.1311r1c02
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
知	矢+3	𢇻 𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
其	八+6	丌 亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
然	火+8	燃 𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01

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