| Chinese Text Project |
| 或問： | Someone asked: |
| 「茅焦歷井幹之死， | Mao Jiao witnessed dead bodies being piled up like the railings around a well, |
| 使始皇奉虛左之乘。 | yet he persuaded Qin Shi Huang to leave empty the space to the left of his chariot. |
| 蔡生欲安項咸陽， | Cai Sheng desired to pacify Xiang Yu at Xianyang, |
| 不能移， | but he was unable to influence him, |
| 又亨之， | and was then boiled alive. |
| 其者未辯與？」 | Wasn't this because Mao was persuasive and Cai not? |
| 曰： | Yangzi said: |
| 「生舍其木侯而謂人木侯， | Cai Sheng was crazy as a monkey and called Xiang Yu a monkey |
| 亨不亦宜乎？ | —isn't it quite appropriate he was boiled alive? |
| 焦逆訐而順守之， | Mao Jiao opposed and criticized Qin Shi Huang, and yet got along and protected himself. |
| 雖辯， | But even though he was persuasive, |
| 劘虎牙矣！」 | was he not brushing the tiger's teeth? |
| Character | Composition | Variants | Reading | Meaning | Hanyu | Kangxi | Cihai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 或 | 戈+4 | 𢈿 | huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ | (1) 代詞：代人或事物：有的，有人。 Pronoun: some, someone, something. | v2,p1402#08 | p.412#18 | p.552r5c01 |
| 問 | 口+8 | 𠳅 问 | wèn ㄨㄣˋ | Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as 「聞(7)」 wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame. | v7,p4284#03 | p.195#10 | p.279r3c03 |
| 茅 | 艸+5 | 泖 | máo ㄇㄠˊ | reeds, rushes, grass; surname | v5,p3199#01 | p.1026#04 | p.1133r5c02 |
| 焦 | 火+8 | 焳 | jiāo qiáo ㄐㄧㄠ ㄑㄧㄠˊ | burned, scorched; anxious, vexed | v3,p2212#01 | p.674#06 | p.851r6c01 |
| 歷 | 止+12 | 曆 歴 𡿌 历 | lì ㄌㄧˋ | take place, past, history | v2,p1445#09 | p.577#14 | p.739r3c01 |
| 井 | 二+2 | 丼 | jǐng ㄐㄧㄥˇ | well, mine shaft, pit | v1,p0010#04 | p.86#14 | p.72r4c01 |
| 幹 | 干+10 | 干 | gàn hán ㄍㄢˋ ㄏㄢˊ | trunk of tree or of human body | v1,p0409#09 | p.341#09 | p.484r6c01 |
| 之 | 丿+3 | 㞢 | zhī ㄓ | Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning. | v1,p0043#01 | p.82#04 | p.47r2c02 |
| 死 | 歹+2 | 𠑾 𣥴 | sǐ ㄙˇ | die; dead; death | v2,p1380#06 | p.578#22 | p.740r6c06 |
| 使 | 人+6 | 𡥐 𠭆 | shǐ ㄕˇ | Order, send (on a mission). / Cause, make. / Allocate, use. / Indulge in.. / Send as an envoy. / Envoy, messenger. / Connective: if, supposing. | v1,p0145#02 | p.101#05 | p.101r3c03 |
| 始皇 | 女+5 白+4 | 𠃭 乨 兘 𠙉 𦤍 𦤐 𤽙 𤽚 𤽧 | shǐ huáng ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ | Same as 「秦始皇帝」 qín shǐ huáng dì ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧˋ: 姓嬴，名政，以趙為氏，中國第一個皇帝。姓名：嬴政，在位前246-前210。 Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. (ruled 246 BC-210 BC)  | v2,p1041#12 v4,p2645#01 | p.258#16 p.786#14 | p.381r1c02 p.735r5c02 |
| 奉 | 大+5 | 𠬻 𢱵 | fèng ㄈㄥˋ | offer; receive; serve; respect | v1,p0531#05 | p.251#02 | p.370r3c01 |
| 虛 | 虍+6 | 𣦄 虚 | xū ㄒㄩ | false, worthless; empty, hollow | v4,p2825#06 | p.1074#11 | p.1184r1c06 |
| 左 | 工+2 | zuǒ ㄗㄨㄛˇ | left; east; unorthodox, improper | v1,p0411#05 | p.325#08 | p.464r2c01 | |
| 乘 | 丿+9 | 乗 𠅞 𠓸 𨍱 | chéng ㄔㄥˊ | Drive. / Ride. / Rule, govern. / Wear, put on. / Ascend, go up. / Defend. / Adjust to, take advantage of. / Depend on, rely on. / Trample. / Bully and humiliate. / Conquer, overcome in battle. / Launch an attack on, chase. / Inherit, carry on the wishes of. / Calculate. / Multiply (arithmetic). | v1,p0040#01 | p.83#09 | p.47r5c01 |
| shèng ㄕㄥˋ | Chariot, fighting vehicle with four horses. / Chariot-riding soldiers. / Chariot horse. / Measure word, used for counting vehicles, horses, boats, etc. / Measure word. Unit of area equal to four qiu. / Four. / Pair up. / Name of a book of the state of Jin. | ||||||
| 蔡 | 艸+11 | 𣞖 | cài sà cā ㄘㄞˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄘㄚ | surname; species of tortoise | v5,p3282#10 | p.1055#03 | p.1164r5c02 |
| 生 | 生+0 | 𤯓 | shēng ㄕㄥ | life, living, lifetime; birth | v4,p2575#01 | p.754#26 | p.906r5c03 |
| 欲 | 欠+7 | 慾 | yù ㄩˋ | desire, want, long for; intend | v3,p2140#07 | p.567#36 | p.729r4c02 |
| 安 | 宀+3 | ān ㄢ | Stable, steady. / Peaceful, tranquil. / Safe. / Accustomed to do, habitually do. / Not worry about, be relaxed about. / Comfort, ease. / Stop, cease. / Unhurried. / Place, put. / Interrogative pronoun: how. / Interrogative pronoun: where. / Interrogative pronoun: what. / Interrogative pronoun: who. / Connective: so, thereupon. | v2,p0913#09 | p.282#08 | p.406r2c01 | |
| 項 | 頁+3 | 项 | xiàng ㄒㄧㄤˋ | neck, nape of neck; sum; funds | v7,p4356#09 | p.1399#11 | p.1475r1c03 |
| 咸 | 口+6 | 鹹 | xián ㄒㄧㄢˊ | together; all, completely; united | v2,p1404#02 | p.187#19 | p.269r4c06 |
| 陽 | 阜+9 | 昜 阦 氜 阳 𨹈 𨼘 𨽐 𣆄 | yáng ㄧㄤˊ | 'male' principle; light; sun | v6,p4144#03 | p.1355#15 | p.1429r3c02 |
| 不 | 一+3 | 不 𠀚 𠙐 | bù ㄅㄨˋ | Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...? | v1,p0011#06 | p.76#15 | p.30r1c01 |
| fǒu ㄈㄡˇ | Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question. | ||||||
| fū ㄈㄨ | Sepal of a flower. | ||||||
| pī ㄆㄧ | Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large. | ||||||
| bǐ ㄅㄧˇ | Show disdain for. | ||||||
| 能 | 肉+6 | néng ㄋㄥˊ | A type of bear. / Ability, talent. / Man of ability, man of talent. / Able to, competent. / Comply with, be friendly towards. / Encompass, obtain. / To, arrive at. / Then, thus. / Same as 「而(4.3)」 ér ㄦˊ: Connective: if, supposing. / Only, merely. / Even if. / Thus, in this way. / Three-legged turtle. | v3,p2074#01 | p.981#16 | p.1095r5c02 | |
| nài ㄋㄞˋ | Withstand, endure. | ||||||
| tái ㄊㄞˊ | Same as 「台(1.1)」 tái ㄊㄞˊ: Name of a celestial body. | ||||||
| tài ㄊㄞˋ | State, form. | ||||||
| 移 | 禾+6 | 𥞀 迻 | yí chǐ yì ㄧˊ ㄔˇ ㄧˋ | change place, shift; move about | v4,p2603#20 | p.853#04 | p.991r5c06 |
| 又 | 又+0 | yòu ㄧㄡˋ | Hand. / Again, once more. / Moreover. / And, while. Expresses two situations happening at once or sequential action. / And yet. Expresses contrast. / Offer wine. / Forgive. | v1,p0390#01 | p.164#43 | p.233r4c03 | |
| 亨 | 亠+5 | 烹 亯 𠅖 | hēng xiǎng pēng ㄏㄥ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄆㄥ | smoothly, progressing, no trouble | v1,p0284#03 | p.88#12 | p.78r3c01 |
| 其 | 八+6 | 丌 亓 | qí ㄑㄧˊ | Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo. | v1,p0245#01 | p.127#18 | p.162r5c01 |
| jì ㄐㄧˋ | Particle used after bi and he. | ||||||
| jī ㄐㄧ | Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year. | ||||||
| 者 | 老+4 | zhě ㄓㄜˇ | Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation. | v4,p2780#05 | p.961#01 | p.1080r1c01 | |
| zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ | In, located in. | ||||||
| 未 | 木+1 | wèi ㄨㄟˋ | not yet; 8th terrestrial branch | v2,p1150#01 | p.509#05 | p.665r4c01 | |
| 辯 | 辛+14 | 𧦪 𧦬 辨 辩 | biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ | Rule, govern. / Correct, amend. / Clever. / Argue, dispute. / Cunning words. / Eloquence. / Same as 「辨(1)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Separate, distinguish. / Same as 「變(1)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Change, alteration. / Same as 「遍(1)」 biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ: Universal, general. | v6,p4045#01 | p.1252#14 | p.1310r4c01 |
| 與 | 臼+8 | 与 𢌱 𦦲 𠔔 | yú ㄩˊ | (12.1) 語助詞：用於句末，表示疑問、感嘆或反詰。 Auxiliary word: used at the end of a sentence to express questioning , exclamation, or a rhetorical question. | v1,p0251#04 | p.1004#13 | p.1113r2c03 |
| 曰 | 曰+0 | yuē ㄩㄝ | (1) 說。 Say, speak. | v2,p1482#02 | p.502#01 | p.648r3c03 | |
| 舍 | 舌+2 | 舎 捨 | shè shě shì ㄕㄜˋ ㄕㄜˇ ㄕˋ | house, dwelling; dwell, reside | v5,p2941#02 | p.1006#23 | p.1115r6c01 |
| 木 | 木+0 | mù ㄇㄨˋ | tree; wood, lumber; wooden | v2,p1149#06 | p.509#01 | p.662r5c05 | |
| 侯 | 人+7 | 𥎦 | hóu hòu ㄏㄡˊ ㄏㄡˋ | marquis, lord; target in archery | v1,p0167#01 | p.103#07 | p.104r3c06 |
| 而 | 而+0 | ér ㄦˊ | Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle. | v4,p2810#01 | p.961#18 | p.1080r2c03 | |
| néng ㄋㄥˊ | Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent. | ||||||
| 謂 | 言+9 | 谓 | wèi ㄨㄟˋ | To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as 「為(21.3)」 wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to. | v6,p3997#06 | p.1173#12 | p.1251r6c01 |
| wéi ㄨㄟˊ | Same as 「為(10)」 wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as. | ||||||
| 人 | 人+0 | 𠔽 亻 | rén ㄖㄣˊ | Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence. | v1,p0101#10 | p.91#01 | p.80r2c01 |
| 不 | 一+3 | 不 𠀚 𠙐 | bù ㄅㄨˋ | (3.3) 否定副詞：表示反問，常與「乎」相呼應。 Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...? | v1,p0011#06 | p.76#15 | p.30r1c01 |
| 亦 | 亠+4 | 𠅃 | yì ㄧˋ | Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate. | v1,p0281#03 | p.88#09 | p.78r2c02 |
| 宜 | 宀+5 | 冝 𡪀 𡨆 𠣨 宐 | yí ㄧˊ | suitable, right, fitting, proper | v2,p0920#06 | p.284#03 | p.416r1c01 |
| 乎 | 丿+4 | 虖 | hū ㄏㄨ | (1.1) 語氣詞：表示疑問或反問，相當於「嗎」或「呢」。 Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. | v1,p0036#08 | p.82#07 | p.47r3c03 |
| 逆 | 辵+6 | nì ㄋㄧˋ | disobey, rebel; rebel, traitor | v6,p3833#02 | p.1256#30 | p.1315r2c01 | |
| 訐 | 言+3 | 讦 | jié jì ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧˋ | expose other's secrets, pry | v6,p3939#12 | p.1148#01 | p.1237r6c01 |
| 順 | 頁+3 | 㥧 巡 𠈼 顺 | shùn ㄕㄨㄣˋ | obey, submit to, go along with | v7,p4357#05 | p.1399#17 | p.1475r3c01 |
| 守 | 宀+3 | 𡬮 𡬴 | shǒu shòu ㄕㄡˇ ㄕㄡˋ | defend, protect, guard, conserve | v2,p0912#03 | p.282#05 | p.405r4c01 |
| 雖 | 隹+9 | 𨾡 虽 | suī ㄙㄨㄟ | Type of insect. / Even, though, even if. / Only. | v6,p4103#05 | p.1368#22 | p.1440r6c01 |
| 辯 | 辛+14 | 𧦪 𧦬 辨 辩 | biàn ㄅㄧㄢˋ | (5) 言辭漂亮，巧言。 Cunning words. | v6,p4045#01 | p.1252#14 | p.1310r4c01 |
| 劘 | 刀+19 | 𠞥 | mó ㄇㄛˊ | make into mince | v1,p0363#08 | p.145#44 | p.191r3c07 |
| 虎 | 虍+2 | 乕 𧇂 虝 𪊖 | hǔ hù ㄏㄨˇ ㄏㄨˋ | tiger; brave, fierce; surname | v4,p2819#02 | p.1073#03 | p.1182r2c04 |
| 牙 | 牙+0 | 𤘈 | yá yà ㄧㄚˊ ㄧㄚˋ | tooth, molars, teeth; serrated | v2,p1419#08 | p.695#03 | p.866r5c01 |
| 矣 | 矢+2 | 𠤘 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request. | v4,p2580#04 | p.823#37 | p.955r5c01 |
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