| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 是故， | For this reason, also, |
| 天子亲耕于南郊， | the son of Heaven himself guided the plough in the southern suburb, |
| 以共齐盛； | to provide the grain for the sacrificial vessels; |
| 王后蚕于北郊， | and the queen looked after her silkworms in the northern suburb, |
| 以共纯服。 | to provide the cap and robes of silk. |
| 诸侯耕于东郊， | The princes of the states guided the plough in their eastern suburb, |
| 亦以共齐盛； | also to provide the grain for the sacrificial vessels, |
| 夫人蚕于北郊， | and their wives looked after their silkworms in the northern suburb, |
| 以共冕服。 | to provide the cap and robes of silk. |
| 天子诸侯非莫耕也， | This was not because the son of Heaven and the princes had not men to plough for them, |
| 王后夫人非莫蚕也， | or 'because the queen and the princes' wives had not women to tend the silkworms for them; |
| 身致其诚信， | it was to give the exhibition of their personal sincerity. |
| 诚信之谓尽， | Such sincerity was what is called doing their utmost; |
| 尽之谓敬， | and such doing of their utmost was what is called reverence. |
| 敬尽然后可以事神明， | When they had reverently done their utmost, they could serve the spiritual Intelligences |
| 此祭之道也。 | --such was the way of sacrificing. |
| Character | Composition | Variants | Reading | Meaning | Hanyu | Kangxi | Cihai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 是 | 日+5 | 昰 𣆞 | shì ㄕˋ | Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object. | v2,p1497#05 | p.493#26 | p.639r1c01 |
| 故 | 攴+5 | gù ㄍㄨˋ | Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus. | v2,p1453#05 | p.469#25 | p.601r5c01 | |
| 天子 | 大+1 子+0 | 𠀡 𠀘 𦴞 兲 靝 𠕹 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只 | tiān zǐ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ | 对最高统治者的尊称。 Son of Heaven, title of the supreme ruler. | v1,p0522#01 v2,p1006#06 | p.248#04 p.277#01 | p.358r4c01 p.395r1c01 |
| 亲 | 见+9 | 𢈥 寴 𡩁 亲 | qīn ㄑㄧㄣ | Parents. / Relatives. / Love, favour. / Close, intimate. / Contact, touch. / Personally. / Do oneself. | v6,p3671#12 | p.1136#12 | p.1230r5c04 |
| 耕 | 耒+4 | 畊 简 | gēng ㄍㄥ | plow, cultivate | v4,p2770#10 | p.962#23 | p.1080r5c02 |
| 于 | 方+4 | 乌 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵 | yú ㄩˊ | Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning. | v3,p2175#02 | p.481#11 | p.622r2c03 |
| 南 | 十+7 | 𡴖 𡴟 | nán nā ㄋㄢˊ ㄋㄚ | south; southern part; southward | v1,p0065#02 | p.157#05 | p.217r3c01 |
| 郊 | 邑+6 | jiāo ㄐㄧㄠ | suburbs; waste land, open spaces | v6,p3769#06 | p.1271#11 | p.1338r3c02 | |
| 以 | 人+3 | 㠯 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely. | v1,p0105#07 | p.94#01 | p.87r6c01 |
| 共 | 八+4 | 𦱹 | gòng ㄍㄨㄥˋ | Occupy or accept together. / Together. / Total, in all. / Preposition: together with. | v1,p0243#02 | p.127#05 | p.160r5c02 |
| gōng ㄍㄨㄥ | Provide. / Respectful. | ||||||
| gǒng ㄍㄨㄥˇ | Cup one's hands in obeisance or greeting。 / Rotate, turn around. | ||||||
| 齐 | 齐+0 | 亝 斉 斋 斋 齐 | qí ㄑㄧˊ | Orderly, uniform. / Together, along with. / Equal, the same. / Level, of equal height. / Regulate, put in order. / Order, command. / Complete, entire. / Very fast, nimble. / Limit, boundary. / To limit, to impose a boundary on. / Distinguish, separate. / Navel, bellybutton. / Central. / Swirl, vortex. / The pre-Qin state of Qi. | v7,p4783#01 | p.1531#06 | p.1569r4c01 |
| jī ㄐㄧ | Rise up, climb. / Preserved vegetables. | ||||||
| jì ㄐㄧˋ | Blend, mix together, prepare (medicine). / Condiments. / Medicine. / Portion, dose. / Proportion of metal in an alloy. | ||||||
| jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢˇ | Cut off. | ||||||
| zhāi ㄓㄞ | Fast, abstain from meat, wine, etc. / Solemnity. / Dignified, respectful. | ||||||
| zī ㄗ | Lower hem of an item of clothing. / Raise the lower part of the funeral dress. | ||||||
| 盛 | 皿+6 | shèng chéng ㄕㄥˋ ㄔㄥˊ | abundant, flourishing; contain; fill | v4,p2562#04 | p.794#20 | p.939r5c05 | |
| 王 | 玉+0 | wáng ㄨㄤˊ | King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. / Ruler of a vassal state in the warring states period. / Highest title in feudal China. / Meet with the emperor. / Respectful term for one's paternal grandparents. | v2,p1099#10 | p.727#02 | p.888r1c02 | |
| wàng ㄨㄤˋ | Rule as king, control all under heaven. / Enfeoff as king. / Flourish, abound. | ||||||
| wǎng ㄨㄤˇ | To, go to. | ||||||
| 后 | 口+3 | 后 后 | hòu ㄏㄡˋ | queen, empress, sovereign; (simp. for 后) behind, rear, after | v1,p0580#01 | p.176#01 | p.255r4c01 |
| 蚕 | 虫+18 | 蚕 䗝 𧕽 | cán ㄘㄢˊ | 蚕（虫名）；养蚕。 Silkworm; to raise silkworms. | v4,p2908#11 | p.1103#33 | p.1201r6c02 |
| 北 | 匕+3 | 北 𧉥 | běi ㄅㄟˇ | North. / Go northwards. / Flee in defeat. / Retreating army. | v1,p0262#04 | p.152#25 | p.203r2c02 |
| bèi ㄅㄟˋ | Deviate, depart from. | ||||||
| 纯 | 糸+4 | 𠄤 㝄 纯 | chún quán tún zhūn zhǔn zī ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄣ ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄗ | pure, clean, simple | v5,p3371#04 | p.917#06 | p.1033r1c03 |
| 服 | 月+4 | 𣍞 𦨈 | fú fù bì ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄅㄧˋ | clothes; wear, dress | v3,p2053#07 | p.505#02 | |
| 诸侯 | 言+9 人+7 | 𢒕 诸 𥎦 | zhū hóu ㄓㄨ ㄏㄡˊ | 古代帝王分封的各国国君，规定要服从王命，定期朝贡述职。 Ruler of a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty. | v6,p3982#03 v1,p0167#01 | p.1172#04 p.103#07 | p.104r3c06 |
| 东 | 木+4 | 东 | dōng ㄉㄨㄥ | east, eastern, eastward | v2,p1165#04 | p.513#12 | p.675r6c02 |
| 亦 | 亠+4 | 𠅃 | yì ㄧˋ | Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate. | v1,p0281#03 | p.88#09 | p.78r2c02 |
| 夫 | 大+1 | fū ㄈㄨ | General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu. | v1,p0521#01 | p.248#11 | p.367r2c01 | |
| fú ㄈㄨˊ | Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation. | ||||||
| 人 | 人+0 | 𠔽 亻 | rén ㄖㄣˊ | Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence. | v1,p0101#10 | p.91#01 | p.80r2c01 |
| 冕 | 冂+9 | miǎn ㄇㄧㄢˇ | crown; ceremonial cap | v2,p1514#06 | p.129#30 | p.165r4c03 | |
| 非 | 非+0 | fēi ㄈㄟ | Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not. | v6,p4086#01 | p.1382#11 | p.1463r6c02 | |
| fěi ㄈㄟˇ | Same as “诽(2)” fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander. | ||||||
| 莫 | 草+7 | 𦮅 䒬 𦱴 | mò mù ㄇㄛˋ ㄇㄨˋ | do not, is not, can not; negative | v5,p3217#15 | p.1035#13 | p.1141r3c03 |
| 也 | 乙+2 | 𠃟 匜 | yě ㄧㄝˇ | Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause. | v1,p0050#05 | p.84#04 | p.55r1c01 |
| 身 | 身+0 | shēn ㄕㄣ | Pregnant. / The body (of a person or animal). / Itself. / I, myself. / Personally, directly. / Personally experience or carry out. / Life. / One's own moral character, ability, etc. / A world in buddhist doctrine. | v6,p3807#01 | p.1237#01 | p.1295r6c01 | |
| yuān ㄩㄢ | Same as “身毒” yuān dú ㄩㄢ ㄉㄨˊ: India. | ||||||
| 致 | 至+3 | 致 | zhì zhuì ㄓˋ ㄓㄨㄟˋ | send, deliver, present; cause | v4,p2815#06 | p.1001#19 | p.602r5c01 |
| 其 | 八+6 | 丌 亓 | qí ㄑㄧˊ | Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo. | v1,p0245#01 | p.127#18 | p.162r5c01 |
| jì ㄐㄧˋ | Particle used after bi and he. | ||||||
| jī ㄐㄧ | Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year. | ||||||
| 诚 | 言+6 | 诚 | chéng ㄔㄥˊ | sincere, honest; true, real | v6,p3963#05 | p.1163#12 | p.1246r2c01 |
| 信 | 人+7 | 伩 㐰 䚱 | xìn ㄒㄧㄣˋ | True, words fitting the truth. / As expected. / Really, actually. / Trust, trustworthy. / Reliable, orderly. / Believe, have confidence in. / Clarify, determine. / Clear, clear-cut. / Certificate, (object of) proof. / Sealed letter, written proof. / Envoy, messenger. / Freely, as one wishes. / Stay for two nights in succession. | v1,p0165#01 | p.105#25 | p.109r2c01 |
| shēn ㄕㄣ | Straight, linear. / Uphold, promote. | ||||||
| 之 | 丿+3 | 㞢 | zhī ㄓ | Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning. | v1,p0043#01 | p.82#04 | p.47r2c02 |
| 谓 | 言+9 | 谓 | wèi ㄨㄟˋ | To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to. | v6,p3997#06 | p.1173#12 | p.1251r6c01 |
| wéi ㄨㄟˊ | Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as. | ||||||
| 尽 | 皿+9 | 𥁞 尽 | jìn ㄐㄧㄣˋ | Finished, all gone. / Finish, end. / Die. / Until. / Exert oneself to the utmost. / Exhaust. / Limit, extreme. / (Spoken) clearly and unambiguously. / Fully, completely. / Most (superlative). / Advance, move forward. / Expense. | v4,p2567#05 | p.795#22 | p.940r3c05 |
| 敬 | 攴+9 | 𣀖 𢿩 | jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ | respect, honor; respectfully | v2,p1466#02 | p.473#35 | p.606r5c02 |
| 然 | 火+8 | 燃 𤓉 | rán ㄖㄢˊ | Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode. | v3,p2213#05 | p.675#12 | p.852r5c01 |
| 后 | 彳+6 | 𨒥 𢔏 后 | hòu ㄏㄡˋ | Behind, to the rear of. / To be left behind. / Later in time. / Future. / Descendents, offspring. | v2,p0822#03 | p.366#18 | p.511r2c01 |
| 可 | 口+2 | 歌 厥 | kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ | may, can, -able; possibly | v1,p0567#07 | p.172#12 | p.244r1c02 |
| 事 | 亅+7 | 亊 叓 𠭏 | shì ㄕˋ | Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve. | v1,p0023#03 | p.85#24 | p.58r3c02 |
| 神 | 示+5 | 神 𥛠 | shén shēn ㄕㄣˊ ㄕㄣ | spirit, god, supernatural being | v4,p2392#01 | p.842#03 | |
| 明 | 日+4 | 朙 | míng ㄇㄧㄥˊ | Bright, brilliant. / Daytime. / Clear, obvious. / Clarify, make clear. / Understand. / Straightforwardly, clearly. / Clear, clean. / Wise. / Make wise. / Spirit, god. / Respect. / Eyesight. / Good eyesight. / See clearly. / The following (day, month, year, etc.). | v2,p1491#08 | p.491#12 | p.631r3c01 |
| 此 | 止+2 | cǐ ㄘˇ | This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then. | v2,p1438#03 | p.574#10 | p.735r4c01 | |
| 祭 | 示+6 | jì zhài ㄐㄧˋ ㄓㄞˋ | sacrifice to, worship | v4,p2397#07 | p.843#07 | p.982r1c02 | |
| 道 | 辵+9 | 𨕥 衟 𡬹 | dào ㄉㄠˋ | Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism. | v6,p3864#01 | p.1262#06 | p.1326r3c02 |
| dǎo ㄉㄠˇ | Lead. / Flow smoothly. |
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