Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 4 -> Universal Love II -> 2

然則察¹此害亦何用生哉？	But whence did these calamities arise,
以不相愛生邪？	out of mutual love?
子墨子言：「以不相愛生。	Mozi said: They arise out of want of mutual love.
今諸侯獨知愛其國，	At present feudal lords have learned only to love their own states
不愛人之國，	and not those of others.
是以不憚舉其國以攻人之國。	Therefore they do not scruple about attacking other states.
今家主獨知愛其家，	The heads of houses have learned only to love their own houses
而不愛人之家，	and not those of others.
是以不憚舉其家以篡人之家。	Therefore they do not scruple about usurping other houses.
今人獨知愛其身，	And individuals have learned only to love themselves
不愛人之身，	and not others.
是以不憚舉其身以賊人之身。	Therefore they do not scruple about injuring others.
是故諸侯不相愛則必野戰。	When feudal lords do not love one another there will be war on the fields.
家主不相愛則必相篡，	When heads of houses do not love one another they will usurp one another's power.
人與人不相愛則必相賊，	When individuals do not love one another they will injure one another.
君臣不相愛則不惠忠，	When ruler and ruled do not love one another they will not be gracious and loyal.
父子不相愛則不慈孝，	When father and son do not love each other they will not be affectionate and filial.
兄弟不相愛則不和調。	When older and younger brothers do not love each other they will not be harmonious.
天下之人皆不相愛，強必執弱，富必侮貧，貴必敖賤，詐必欺愚。	When nobody in the world loves any other, naturally the strong will overpower the weak, the many will oppress the few, the wealthy will mock the poor, the honoured will disdain the humble, the cunning will deceive the simple.
凡天下禍篡怨恨，	Therefore all the calamities, strifes, complaints, and hatred in the world
其所以起者，以不相愛生也，	have arisen out of want of mutual love.
是以仁者非之。」	Therefore the benevolent disapproved of this want.

1. 察 : Originally read: "崇". Corrected by 孫詒讓《墨子閒詁》

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
則	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	(5.1) 連詞：表示承接關係，相當於「就」、「便」、「那麽」。 Connective expressing continuation: then, and then.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
察	宀+11	詧	chá ㄔㄚˊ	examine, investigate; notice	v2,p0948#08	p.290#16	p.426r6c05
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
害	宀+7		hài ㄏㄞˋ	Injure, kill. / Damage, obstruct. / Disaster. / Harm, harmful effect. / Fear. / Difficult path, dangerous area. / Jealous.	v2,p0929#05	p.286#12	p.419r5c01
			hé ㄏㄜˊ	What. / Why not.
			è ㄜˋ	Stop, prevent.
亦	亠+4	𠅃	yì ㄧˋ	Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate.	v1,p0281#03	p.88#09	p.78r2c02
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
用	用+0	𤰆𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
生	生+0	𤯓	shēng ㄕㄥ	life, living, lifetime; birth	v4,p2575#01	p.754#26	p.906r5c03
哉	口+6	才	zāi ㄗㄞ	(2.2) 語氣詞：表示疑問或反詰，相當於「呢」或「嗎」。 Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v1,p0611#07	p.189#08	p.270r2c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
相	目+4		xiāng ㄒㄧㄤ	(1) 互相，交互。 Mutual.	v4,p2470#13	p.800#18	p.945r1c01
愛	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
邪	邑+4	耶	yé ㄧㄝˊ	(7.1) 語氣詞：表示疑問或反詰。 Particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v6,p3758#04	p.1269#14	p.1336r5c01
子	子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
墨子	黑+3 子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	mò zǐ ㄇㄛˋ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家墨翟。 Mozi, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v1,p0487#03 v2,p1006#06	p.238#40 p.277#01	p.329r2c03 p.395r1c01
言	言+0	訁𢍗𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02
諸侯	言+9 人+7	𢒕诸𥎦	zhū hóu ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ	古代帝王分封的各國國君，規定要服從王命，定期朝貢述職。 Ruler of a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty.	v6,p3982#03 v1,p0167#01	p.1172#04 p.103#07	p.104r3c06
獨	犬+13	独	dú ㄉㄨˊ	alone, single, solitary, only	v2,p1372#03	p.719#25	p.879r5c02
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
國	囗+8	圀國囗囶𢧌䆐囯国	guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ	nation, country, nation-state	v1,p0720#09	p.219#16	p.303r4c02
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	(2) 別人，他人。 Others, other people.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
憚	心+12	惮	dàn ㄉㄢˋ	dread, shrink from, shirk, fear	v4,p2354#08	p.403#01	p.544r4c01
舉	臼+10	擧㪯举	jǔ ㄐㄩˇ	raise, lift up; recommend	v5,p3041#08	p.1005#15	p.1114r3c01
攻	攴+3		gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	attack, assault; criticize	v2,p1449#06	p.468#16	p.600r1c01
家	宀+7	傢宊𠖔𡩅𡧚	jiā jie gū ㄐㄧㄚㄐㄧㄝ· ㄍㄨ	house, home, residence; family	v2,p0930#15	p.286#17	p.420r1c02
主	丶+4	丶宔	zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ	master, chief owner; host; lord	v1,p0044#03	p.80#20	p.45r2c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
篡	竹+10	簒	cuàn ㄘㄨㄢˋ	usurp	v5,p3000#05	p.894#15	p.1019r5c04
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	(1) 人，人類。 Man, person.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
身	身+0		shēn ㄕㄣ	Pregnant. / The body (of a person or animal). / Itself. / I, myself. / Personally, directly. / Personally experience or carry out. / Life. / One's own moral character, ability, etc. / A world in buddhist doctrine.	v6,p3807#01	p.1237#01	p.1295r6c01
			yuān ㄩㄢ	Same as 「身毒」 yuān dú ㄩㄢㄉㄨˊ: India.
賊	貝+6	戝贼	zéi zé ㄗㄟˊ ㄗㄜˊ	thief, traitor	v6,p3637#01	p.1208#14	p.1275r4c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
則	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
必	心+1		bì ㄅㄧˋ	surely, most certainly; must	v4,p2267#02	p.375#02	p.522r5c01
野	里+4	埜𡐨	yě ㄧㄝˇ	open country, field; wilderness	v6,p3683#01	p.1291#05	p.1360r2c01
戰	戈+12	戦战	zhàn ㄓㄢˋ	war, fighting, battle	v2,p1412#12	p.414#11	p.553r5c01
相	目+4		xiāng ㄒㄧㄤ	Mutual. / In succession. / Together.	v4,p2470#13	p.800#18	p.945r1c01
			xiàng ㄒㄧㄤˋ	Watch. / Appearance. / Fortune-telling by appearance. / Help, assist. / Guide for the blind. / Prime minister, most senior minister. / Ceremonial officer.
與	臼+8	与𢌱𦦲𠔔	yǔ ㄩˇ	Give. / Follow, go along with. / Comrade, ally. / Association, contact. / Oppose. / Engage [an enemy]. / Approve, consent to. / Help. / Wait. / Preposition indicating passive tense. / Preposition: to, with. / Preposition: with. / Preposition: as. / Preposition: in, on. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: with its ... / Connective: or.	v1,p0251#04	p.1004#13	p.1113r2c03
			yù ㄩˋ	Participate, take part in.
			yǔ ㄩˇ	Interfere in.
			yú ㄩˊ	Auxiliary word: used at the end of a sentence to express questioning , exclamation, or a rhetorical question. / Auxiliary word: used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.
君	口+4	𠱩𠱭	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern.	v1,p0595#06	p.177#07	p.256r6c08
臣	臣+0	𢘑	chén ㄔㄣˊ	minister, statesman, official	v4,p2801#01	p.999#13	p.1106r2c02
惠	心+8	恵𦻇𢡘𢞯 ① 僡	huì ㄏㄨㄟˋ	favor, benefit, confer kindness	v4,p2309#10	p.391#19	p.535r1c01
忠	心+4		zhōng ㄓㄨㄥ	loyalty, devotion, fidelity	v4,p2273#15	p.377#13	p.524r1c02
父	父+0		fù fǔ ㄈㄨˋ ㄈㄨˇ	father; KangXi radical 88	v3,p2039#01	p.690#01	p.864r1c01
慈	心+10	㤵	cí ㄘˊ	kind, charitable, benevolent	v4,p2324#03	p.397#25
孝	子+4		xiào ㄒㄧㄠˋ	filial piety, obedience; mourning	v2,p1011#04	p.278#11	p.398r5c03
兄	儿+3		xiōng ㄒㄩㄥ	elder brother	v1,p0266#04	p.123#09	p.133r5c02
弟	弓+4	𠂖𢦢	dì ㄉㄧˋ	Sequence, order. / Younger brother. / Younger sister. / Late. / But, only.	v1,p0244#10	p.357#17	p.501r1c02
			tì ㄊㄧˋ	Respect one's elders.
			tuí ㄊㄨㄟˊ	See 弟靡.
和	口+5	龢咊惒	hé huò huó hè ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄜˋ	harmony, peace; peaceful, calm	v1,p0602#01	p.185#01	p.267r3c01
調	言+8	调	diào tiào tiáo zhōu ㄉㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄡ	transfer, move, change; tune	v6,p3989#06	p.1166#08	p.1247r5c04
天下	大+1 一+2	𠀡𠀘𦴞兲靝𠕹丅厥𠄟	tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢㄒㄧㄚˋ	世界。 "All under heaven", the world.	v1,p0522#01 v1,p0007#01	p.248#04 p.76#10	p.358r4c01 p.28r1c01
皆	白+4		jiē ㄐㄧㄝ	all, every, everybody	v4,p2647#01	p.786#12	p.735r5c01
強	弓+8	强彊	qiáng qiǎng jiàng ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄐㄧㄤˋ	strong, powerful, energetic	v2,p0999#07	p.359#23	p.504r5c01
執	土+8	执𠌷	zhí ㄓˊ	hold in hand; keep; carry out	v1,p0457#05	p.231#09	p.321r1c02
弱	弓+7		ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	weak; fragile, delicate	v2,p0996#16	p.358#24	p.502r1c02
富	宀+9	冨	fù ㄈㄨˋ	abundant, ample; rich, wealthy	v2,p0942#04	p.288#27	p.425r1c07
侮	人+7	㑄㚢𢘃	wǔ ㄨˇ	insult, ridicule, disgrace	v1,p0163#01	p.103#01	p.104r3c05
貧	貝+4	𡧋贫	pín ㄆㄧㄣˊ	poor, impoverished, needy	v6,p3628#01	p.1205#10	p.1270r3c01
貴	貝+5	𡭙𧸋贵	guì ㄍㄨㄟˋ	expensive, costly, valuable	v6,p3632#09	p.1206#15	p.1271r6c01
敖	攴+7		áo ào ㄠˊ ㄠˋ	ramble, play about; leisurely; surname	v2,p1456#13	p.471#14	p.604r5c01
賤	貝+8	𧶤贱	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	mean, low; cheap, worthless	v6,p3647#05	p.1209#35	p.1277r3c03
詐	言+5	醡诈	zhà ㄓㄚˋ	cheat, defraud, swindle; trick; to feign	v6,p3954#11	p.1154#20	p.1241r2c01
欺	欠+8		qī ㄑㄧ	cheat, double-cross, deceive	v3,p2142#03	p.568#14	p.730r3c02
愚	心+9		yú ㄩˊ	stupid, doltish, foolish	v4,p2321#07	p.395#12	p.537r6c06
凡	几+1	凢凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
禍	示+9	旤𥚍𣨷𥙯祸	huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ	misfortune, calamity, disaster	v4,p2402#04	p.844#31
怨	心+5	𢘖𠨝𢛪𢘔𢘈	yuàn ㄩㄢˋ	hatred, enmity, resentment	v4,p2281#07	p.382#01	p.527r4c01
恨	心+6		hèn ㄏㄣˋ	hatred, dislike; resent, hate	v4,p2299#03	p.385#09	p.529r6c03
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
起	走+3	𨑓𡆡𨑔	qǐ ㄑㄧˇ	rise, stand up; go up; begin	v5,p3476#02	p.1215#15	p.1284r2c03
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
仁	人+2	忈忎𡰥	rén ㄖㄣˊ	humaneness, benevolence, kindness	v1,p0107#01	p.91#07
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as 「誹(2)」 fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.

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