Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 9 -> Anti-Fatalism II -> 1

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
子	子+0	㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
墨子	黑+3 子+0	㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只	mò zǐ ㄇㄛˋ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家墨翟。 Mozi, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v1,p0487#03 v2,p1006#06	p.238#40 p.277#01	p.329r2c03 p.395r1c01
言	言+0	訁 𢍗 𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
凡	几+1	凢 凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
出	凵+3	岀	chū ㄔㄨ	Go out, exit. / Outside, without. / Take up a post. / Exile, banish. / Abandon (one's wife). / Free, release. / Give out, hand over. / Give, offer. / Send out, distribute. / Exceed. / Appear, emerge. / Create, make. / Produce, cause to grow. / Bear, give birth. / Origin, place of birth. / Part of an object which extends outwards. / Measure word: times, occurrences. / Measure word: section.	v1,p0307#08	p.135#11	p.172r1c01
谈	言+8	谭 谈	tán ㄊㄢˊ	talk; conversation; surname	v6,p3992#07	p.1167#11	p.1248r4c02
由	田+0		yóu ㄧㄡˊ	Do, carry out. / Cause to happen. / Unite. / Complete, realize. / Go through, pass. / Carry out orders, do as asked. / Follow. / Accord with. / Cause. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: from. / Preposition: to, with. / Appoint, employ. / Rely on, make use of. / Evidence, proof. / Go along with, listen to. / New growth of a tree around dead wood. / Recovery, revival. / Like, similar to. / Still, yet. / Naturally, by itself.	v4,p2524#02	p.757#01	p.910r2c01
			dí ㄉㄧˊ	Road. / Method, way.
文	文+0	㒚 稳	wén ㄨㄣˊ	Mixture of colours. / Decorative design. / Portray in words or pictures. / Adornment, embellishment. / External appearance. / Characters, words. / Books, works. / Confucian doctrine. / Civilian, non-military. / Drum (musical instrument). / Measure word for money.	v3,p2169#01	p.477#01	p.608r4c02
			wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Adorn, embellish. / Conceal, gloss over.
学	子+13	𢻯 斈 学	xué ㄒㄩㄝˊ	Study, learn. / Doctrine, teaching. / School of thought. / School, place of learning. / Account, state.	v2,p1019#11	p.280#28	p.403r3c05
			xiào ㄒㄧㄠˋ	Instruct, teach.
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
为	火+5	爲 为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
道	辵+9	𨕥 衟 𡬹	dào ㄉㄠˋ	Road, path. / Journey. / Method. / Law, reason. / Doctrine, claim. / Skill, technique. / Principle, right way. / The Dao, the origin of all things in Daoism. / Speak, talk. / Take a course of action. / Take a course of action. / Rites paid to the spirit of roads. / Ancient administrative unit. / Daoism.	v6,p3864#01	p.1262#06	p.1326r3c02
			dǎo ㄉㄠˇ	Lead. / Flow smoothly.
也	乙+2	𠃟 匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
则	刀+7	𠟻 𠟭 𠞋 𠟔 则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
不	一+3	不 𠀚 𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副词：用于动词、形容词等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
可	口+2	歌 厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
不	一+3	不 𠀚 𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
先	儿+4		xiān ㄒㄧㄢ	first, former, previous	v1,p0267#02	p.124#05	p.134r3c02
立	立+0	立	lì ㄌㄧˋ	Stand. / Erect, raise. / Establish, found. / Fix, set. / Determine, decide. / Become independent. / Exist. / Take office. / Become ruler, enthrone. / Stop, prevent from moving. / Immediately.	v4,p2706#01	p.870#17	p.1002r5c01
义	羊+7	义	yì ㄧˋ	right conduct, righteousness	v5,p3133#02	p.952#32	p.1071r3c01
法	水+5	佱 灋 𣳴	fǎ ㄈㄚˇ	Law, penal code. / Principle, system. / Standard. / Method, way of doing. / Follow, imitate. / Adhere to the rules. / The Legalist school.	v3,p1579#04	p.616#11	p.778r4c01
若	草+5	若 𦱡 𦱶 𧁇	ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	Iris. / Same as “北海若” běi hǎi ruò ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄖㄨㄛˋ: Ruo, a god of the Northern Sea. / Go by, accord with. / Choose. / Like, similar to. / Identical, the same. / As good as, comparable to. / To, arrive at. / You, your. / This way, like this. / Regarding, as regards. / If, should it be the case. / Or, alternatively. / But, yet. / Adjectival suffix.	v5,p3187#07	p.1023#12	p.1130r1c03
无	火+8	𣟒 𣚨 𠘩 无 无	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
譬	言+13		pì ㄆㄧˋ	metaphor, simile, example	v6,p4026#08	p.1183#16	p.1256r2c04
犹	犬+9	犹	yóu ㄧㄡˊ	A species of monkey / Same, similar. / Similarly, in the same way. / Like, similar to. / Can, able to. / Fitting, suitable. / Still, nevertheless. / Additionally, furthermore. / Connective expression concession: although, despite. / Connective expression supposition: if. / Stratagem, plot. / Method, way. / Scheme, conspire. / Road, path. / Criticize, fault. / Relaxed, at ease. / Same as “由(1.1)” yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Do, carry out. / Same as “由(5.2)” yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Preposition: from. / Same as “由(5.1)” yóu ㄧㄡˊ: Preposition: due to, because of. / Name of a river in modern Shaanxi, flowing into the Yellow River. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v2,p1359#09	p.715#20	p.878r1c06
			yáo ㄧㄠˊ	Tremble, shake.
			yōu ㄧㄡ	Good, superior.
朝	月+8	晁	zhāo ㄓㄠ	Morning. / Beginning.	v3,p2084#08	p.506#03	p.661r1c01
			cháo ㄔㄠˊ	Meet in court. / Call the ministers to court. / Court, place where ministers meet with the ruler. / Visit, go to see. / Meet together, gather.
夕	夕+0		xī xì ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧˋ	evening, night, dusk; slanted	v2,p0859#01	p.246#01	p.336r4c01
于	方+4	乌 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
员	口+7	云 员	yuán yùn ㄩㄢˊ ㄩㄣˋ	member; personnel, staff member	v1,p0628#06	p.189#31	p.273r2c01
钧	金+4	銞 銁 钧	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	unit of measure equivalent to thirty catties	v6,p4178#11	p.1299#10	p.1372r6c03
上	一+2	丄 𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
虽	隹+9	𨾡 虽	suī ㄙㄨㄟ	Type of insect. / Even, though, even if. / Only.	v6,p4103#05	p.1368#22	p.1440r6c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
巧	工+2	丂 𢩨	qiǎo ㄑㄧㄠˇ	skillful, ingenious, clever	v1,p0412#01	p.325#09	p.465r5c01
工	工+0	𢀚 㣉 𠜝	gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	labor, work; worker, laborer	v1,p0410#06	p.325#01	p.463r2c02
必	心+1		bì ㄅㄧˋ	surely, most certainly; must	v4,p2267#02	p.375#02	p.522r5c01
能	肉+6		néng ㄋㄥˊ	A type of bear. / Ability, talent. / Man of ability, man of talent. / Able to, competent. / Comply with, be friendly towards. / Encompass, obtain. / To, arrive at. / Then, thus. / Same as “而(4.3)” ér ㄦˊ: Connective: if, supposing. / Only, merely. / Even if. / Thus, in this way. / Three-legged turtle.	v3,p2074#01	p.981#16	p.1095r5c02
			nài ㄋㄞˋ	Withstand, endure.
			tái ㄊㄞˊ	Same as “台(1.1)” tái ㄊㄞˊ: Name of a celestial body.
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	State, form.
得	彳+8	𢔶 䙷 𢔨	dé ㄉㄜˊ	Get, obtain. / Plunder. / Covet. / Success. / Fitting, appropriate. / Compatible. / Satisfied, pleased. / Possible, can. / Same as “德(1)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Morals, morality. / Same as “德(3)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Reward kindness, thank.	v2,p0828#03	p.367#31	p.513r6c02
正	止+1	㱏 𣥔 𤴓 𧾸	zhèng ㄓㄥˋ	Straight, not at an angle. / Appropriate. / Normal. / Decent, upstanding. / Fix, determine. / Govern, rule. / Set punishments. / Formal, primary. / Pure, unadulterated. / Son by one's official wife. / Luckily, fortuitously. / Expresses continuation of an action or state. / Officer. / Only. / Government, state affairs. / Prove, verify.	v2,p1436#01	p.574#02	p.732r5c02
			zhēng ㄓㄥ	First month in the Chinese calander. / Centre of a target. / Attack, punitive expedition.
焉	火+7		yān ㄧㄢ	Same as “之(2)” zhī ㄓ: Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Same as “之(3)” zhī ㄓ: Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Demonstrative pronoun and modal particle: than this. / Interrogative pronoun: how, where. / Interrogative pronoun: what. / Connective: and, then. / Preposition: in. / Modal particle. / Adjectival or adverbal suffix.	v3,p2206#14	p.672#21	p.847r5c01
然	火+8	燃 𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02
天下	大+1 一+2	𠀡 𠀘 𦴞 兲 靝 𠕹 丅 厥 𠄟	tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ	世界。 "All under heaven", the world.	v1,p0522#01 v1,p0007#01	p.248#04 p.76#10	p.358r4c01 p.28r1c01
情	心+8	𢚏 啨	qíng ㄑㄧㄥˊ	feeling, sentiment, emotion	v4,p2312#13	p.389#31	p.533r4c03
伪	人+9	伪	wěi ㄨㄟˇ	Man-made, artificial. / Untruthful, deceitful. / False, fake.	v1,p0195#04	p.112#07
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Curtain, screen. / Same as “为(3)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Do.
			é ㄜˊ	Change, alter.
			guì ㄍㄨㄟˋ	Money, coins.
未	木+1		wèi ㄨㄟˋ	not yet; 8th terrestrial branch	v2,p1150#01	p.509#05	p.665r4c01
识	言+12	𧨺 识	shi shì shí zhì ㄕ· ㄕˋ ㄕˊ ㄓˋ	recognize, understand, know	v6,p4019#16	p.1181#17	p.1255r4c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
使	人+6	𡥐 𠭆	shǐ ㄕˇ	Order, send (on a mission). / Cause, make. / Allocate, use. / Indulge in.. / Send as an envoy. / Envoy, messenger. / Connective: if, supposing.	v1,p0145#02	p.101#05	p.101r3c03
三	一+2	叁 弎	sān sàn ㄙㄢ ㄙㄢˋ	three	v1,p0004#03	p.76#05	p.11r2c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
本	木+1	夲 楍 㮺 𡴡	běn ㄅㄣˇ	root, origin, source; basis	v2,p1151#01	p.509#07	p.666r3c01
原	厂+8	𠪥 𨘡 𠪰 亰	yuán yuàn ㄩㄢˊ ㄩㄢˋ	source, origin, beginning	v1,p0074#09	p.162#03	p.229r4c03
用	用+0	𤰆 𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
其	八+6	丌 亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
考	老+0	考 𦒱	kǎo ㄎㄠˇ	examine, test; investigate	v4,p2779#02	p.960#27	p.1079r1c01
天	大+1	𠀡 𠀘 𦴞 兲 靝 𠕹	tiān ㄊㄧㄢ	sky, heaven; god, celestial	v1,p0522#01	p.248#04	p.358r4c01
鬼	鬼+0	𩲡 𢇼 𣆠	guǐ ㄍㄨㄟˇ	ghost; spirit of dead; devil	v7,p4427#01	p.1460#30	p.1521r5c03
志	心+3	志 𢗍 志	zhì ㄓˋ	purpose, will, determination; annals	v4,p2269#04	p.376#21	p.523r3c03
圣	耳+7	垩 𦕡 𠄵 圣	shèng ㄕㄥˋ	holy, sacred; sage	v4,p2789#06	p.967#22	p.1082r6c06
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	(1.1) 夏商周三代的最高统治者。 King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
事	亅+7	亊 叓 𠭏	shì ㄕˋ	Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve.	v1,p0023#03	p.85#24	p.58r3c02
徵	彳+12	𡈼 𢽡 𢾷 𢽠 征	zhēng zhǐ ㄓㄥ ㄓˇ	summon, recruit; musical note	v2,p0842#07	p.370#41	p.518r1c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
书	曰+6	书	shū ㄕㄨ	book, letter, document; writings	v2,p1509#09	p.502#12	p.650r3c02
柰	木+5	奈 㮏	nài ㄋㄞˋ	crab-apple tree; endure, bear	v2,p1176#09	p.520#23	p.688r2c01
发	癶+7	発 发	fā fà bō ㄈㄚ ㄈㄚˋ ㄅㄛ	issue, dispatch, send out, emit	v4,p2761#04	p.784#10	p.925r2c01
刑	刀+4		xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Punish. / Kill, put to death. / Harm, disaster. / Law, rules of punishment. / Rule by law. / A die used in casting. / A model, an example. / To emulate, imitate. / Achieve, establish. / Same as “鉶” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Porcelain soup bowl. / Same as “形(1.1)” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Body, thing with form. / Same as “形(5)” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Exhibit, show.	v1,p0324#15	p.137#11	p.178r4c02
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01

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