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中國哲學書電子化計劃
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法家 -> 商君書 -> 來民 -> 3

意民之情，In reflecting upon the nature of the people,
其所欲者，田宅也； what they desire are fields and houses.
而晉之無有也信，Now, whereas it is probable that these are what Jin does not have,
秦之有餘也必， it is beyond doubt that Qin has them in surplus.
如此而民不西者，If, this being so, people do not, nevertheless, come west,
秦士戚而民苦也。 it is because the soldiers of Qin are in sad plight and the people suffer hardships.
臣竊以王吏之明為過見， I venture to think that the intelligence of Your Majesty's officials takes a mistaken view:
此其所以弱。that is, the reason why we remain weak
不奪三晉民者， and do not succeed in enticing the people of the three Jin states,
愛爵而重復也。 is that we are sparing in granting titles and regard the exemption from taxes as a serious matter.
其說曰：「三晉之所以弱者，其民務樂而復爵輕也。They argue as follows: 'The three Jin states are weak because their people are concerned with pleasure and because exemptions and rank are treated lightly.
秦之所以強者，其民務苦而復爵重也。Qin, on the other hand, is strong because its people are concerned with hard work, and exemptions and the conferment of rank are treated seriously;
今多爵而久復， should we now confer many titles and grant exemptions from taxation for long periods,
是釋秦之所以強，then we should be letting go of the principle by which Qin has become strong
而為三晉之所以弱也。」 and should be doing exactly that which has made the Jin states weak.'
此王吏重爵愛復之說也，This is the argument that causes Your Majesty's officials to regard the conferring of titles as a serious matter, and to be sparing in the granting of exemptions from taxation.
而臣竊以為不然。I venture, however, to think that this is wrong.
夫所以為苦民而強兵者，將以攻敵而成所欲也。The object in causing the people hardship and in strengthening the army is to attack the enemy and to realize one's desires.
兵法曰：「敵弱而兵強。」The "Art of War" says: "If the enemy is weak, the army is strong."
此言不失吾所以攻，而敵失其所守也。This expression means that one does not fail in attack, but the enemy fails in defence.
今三晉不勝秦四世矣， Now for four generations the Jin states have gained no victory over Qin.
自魏襄以來， Since the time of King Xiang of Wei,
野戰不勝，守城必拔，小大之戰，三晉之所亡於秦者，不可勝數也。the times that the three Jin states have been defeated by Qin, in small or big battles, in open battle or in storming defended cities, have been innumerable.
若此而不服，秦能取其地，而不能奪其民也。The reason that in spite of this they do not submit to Qin is that Qin has been able to conquer their territory, but unable to captivate their people.

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