| | 祭统: |
是故君子之事君也，必身行之，所不安于上，则不以使下；所恶于下，则不以事上；非诸人，行诸己，非教之道也。是故君子之教也，必由其本，顺之至也，祭其是与？故曰：祭者，教之本也已。 |
| Ji Tong: |
Therefore a superior man, in the service of his ruler, should find (guidance for) all his personal conduct. What does not satisfy him in (the behaviour of) his superiors, he will not show in his employment of those below himself; and what he dislikes in the behaviour of those below him, he will not show in the service of his superiors. To disapprove of anything in another, and do the same himself, is contrary to the rule of instruction. Therefore the superior in the inculcation of his lessons, ought to proceed from the foundation (of all duty). This will show him pursuing the greatest method of what is natural and right in the highest degree; and is not this what is seen in sacrifice? Hence we have the saying that 'The first and greatest teaching is to be found in sacrifice.' |
| | 祭统: |
夫义者，所以济志也，诸德之发也。是故其德盛者，其志厚；其志厚者，其义章。其义章者，其祭也敬。祭敬则竟内之子孙莫敢不敬矣。是故君子之祭也，必身亲莅之；有故，则使人可也。虽使人也，君不失其义者，君明其义故也。其德薄者，其志轻，疑于其义，而求祭；使之必敬也，弗可得已。祭而不敬，何以为民父母矣？ |
| Ji Tong: |
Now the idea serves to direct and help the aim, and leads to the manifestation of all virtue. Hence he whose virtue is the completest, has the largest aims; and he whose aims are the largest, has the clearest idea. He whose idea is the clearest, will be most reverent in his sacrifices. When the sacrifices (of a state) are reverent, none of the sons and grandsons within its borders will dare to be irreverent. Then the superior man, when he has a sacrifice, will feel it necessary to preside at it in person. if there be a (sufficient) reason for it, he may commit the performance of it to another. But when committing the performance to another, the ruler will not fail (to think) of its meaning, because he understands the ideas in it. He whose virtue is slight, has but a small aim. He who is in doubts as to the idea in it, and will yet seek to be reverent in his sacrifice, will find it impossible to be so; and how can he, who sacrifices without reverence, be the parent of his people? |
