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| Simplified Chinese version |
《天志上 - Will of Heaven I》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 1 | 天志上: |
子墨子言曰：“今天下之士君子，知小而不知大。何以知之？以其处家者知之。若处家得罪于家长，犹有邻家所避逃之。然且亲戚兄弟所知识，共相儆戒，皆曰：‘不可不戒矣！不可不慎矣！恶有处家而得罪于家长，而可为也！’非独处家者为然，虽处国亦然。处国得罪于国君，犹有邻国所避逃之，然且亲戚兄弟所知识，共相儆戒皆曰：‘不可不戒矣！不可不慎矣！谁亦有处国得罪于国君，而可为也’！此有所避逃之者也，相儆戒犹若此其厚，况无所避逃之者，相儆戒岂不愈厚，然后可哉？且语言有之曰：‘焉而晏日焉而得罪，将恶避逃之？’曰无所避逃之。夫天不可为林谷幽门无人，明必见之。然而天下之 士1君子 之于2天也，忽然不知以相儆戒，此我所以知天下士君子知小而不知大也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Mozi said: The gentlemen of the world all understand only trifles but not things of importance. How do we know? We know this from one's conduct in the family. If one should offend the patriarch of the family, there are still the homes of the neighbours in which to seek shelter. Yet parents, brothers, and friends all keep on reminding one to be obedient and careful. For, how can one offend the patriarch and stay in the family? Not only is this true about conduct in the family, but also in the state. If one should offend the lord of the state there are still the neighbouring states whither he may flee. Yet parents, brothers, and friends all keep on reminding one to be obedient and careful. For, how can one offend the lord of the state and stay in it? From these there are yet shelters to flee to, yet there are such constant counsels. Should there not be more counsels in a case from which there is nowhere to flee? As the saying goes: "Sinning in broad daylight, whither can one flee?" Really there is nowhere to flee. For, Heaven clearly discerns it even if it be in the woods, valleys, or solitary caves where there is no man. But, contrary to our expectation, regarding Heaven, the gentlemen of the world do not understand mutually to give counsel. This is how we know the gentlemen in the world understand only trifles and not things of importance. 1. 士 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 2 | 天志上: |
然则天亦何欲何恶？天欲义而恶不义。然则率天下之百姓以从事于义，则我乃为天之所欲也。我为天之所欲，天亦为我所欲。然则 我1何欲何恶？我欲福禄而恶祸祟。 若我不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，2然则我率天下之百姓，以从事于祸祟中也。然则何 以3知天之欲义而恶不义？曰天下有义则生，无义则死；有义则富，无义则贫；有义则治，无义则乱。然则天欲其生而恶其死，欲其富而恶其贫，欲其治而恶其乱，此我所以知天欲义而恶不义也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Now, what does Heaven desire and what does it abominate? Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. Therefore, in leading the people in the world to engage in doing righteousness I should be doing what Heaven desires. When I do what Heaven desires, Heaven will also do what I desire. Now, what do I desire and what do I abominate? I desire blessings and emoluments, and abominate calamities and misfortunes. When I do not do what Heaven desires, neither will Heaven do what I desire. Then I should be leading the people into calamities and misfortunes. But how do we know Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness? For, with righteousness the world lives and without it the world dies; with it the world becomes rich and without it the world becomes poor; with it the world becomes orderly and without it the world becomes chaotic. And if Heaven likes to have the world live and dislikes to have it die, likes to have it rich and dislikes to have it poor, and likes to have it orderly and dislikes to have it disorderly. Therefore we know Heaven desires righteousness and abominates unrighteousness. 1. 我 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 3 | 天志上: |
曰且夫义者政也，无从下之政上，必从上之政下。是故庶人竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有士政之；士竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有将军大夫政之；将军大夫竭力从事，未得次己而为政，有三公诸侯政之；三公诸侯竭力听治，未得次己而为政，有天子政之；天子未得次己而为政，有天政之。天子为政于三公、诸侯、士、庶人，天下之士君子固明知，天之为政于天子，天下百姓未得之明知也。故昔三代圣王禹汤文武，欲以天之为政于天子，明说天下之百姓，故莫不犓牛羊，豢犬彘，洁 为粢1盛酒醴，以祭祀上帝鬼神，而求祈福于天。我未尝闻天下之所求祈福于天子者也，我所以知天之为政于天子者也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: |
Moreover, righteousness is the standard. A standard is not to be given by the subordinates to the superior but by the superior to the subordinates. Therefore, while the common people should spare no pains at work they may not make the standard at will. There are the scholars to give them the standard. While the scholars should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There are the ministers and secretaries to give them the standard. While the ministers and secretaries should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There are the high duke and feudal lords to give them the standard. While the high duke and the feudal lords should spare no pains at work, they may not make the standard at will. There is the emperor to give them the standard. The emperor may not make the standard at will (either). There is Heaven to give him the standard. That the emperor gives the standard to the high dukes, to the feudal lords, to the scholars, and to the common people, the gentlemen in the world clearly understand. But that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor, the people do not know well. Therefore the ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, desiring to make it clear to the people that Heaven gives the standard to the emperor, fed oxen and sheep with grass, and pigs and dogs with grain, and cleanly prepared the cakes and wine to do sacrifice to God on High and the spirits, and invoked Heaven's blessing. But I have not yet heard of Heaven invoking the emperor for blessing. So I know Heaven gives the standard to the emperor. 1. 为粢 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 4 | 天志上: | 故天子者，天下之穷贵也，天下之穷富也，故于富且贵者，当天意而不可不顺，顺天意者，兼相爱，交相利，必得赏。反天意者，别相恶，交相贼，必得罚。然则是谁顺天意而得赏者？谁反天意而得罚者？”子墨子言曰：“昔三代圣王禹汤文武，此顺天意而得赏也。昔三代之暴王桀纣幽厉，此反天意而得罚者也。然则禹汤文武其得赏何以也？”子墨子言曰：“其事上尊天，中事鬼神，下爱人，故天意曰：‘此之我所爱，兼而爱之；我所利，兼而利之。爱人者此为博焉，利人者此为厚焉。’故使贵为天子，富有天下，业万世子孙，传称其善，方施天下，至今称之，谓之圣王。”然则桀纣幽厉得其罚何以也？”子墨子言曰：“其事上诟天，中诟鬼，下贼人，故天意曰：‘此之我所爱，别而恶之，我所利，交而贼之。恶人者此为之博也，贼人者此为之厚也。’故使不得终其寿，不殁其世，至今毁之，谓之暴王。 |
| Will of Heaven I: | The emperor is the most honourable of the world and the richest of the world. So, the honoured and the rich cannot but obey the will of Heaven. He who obeys the will of Heaven, loving universally and benefiting others, will obtain rewards. He who opposes the will of Heaven, by being partial and unfriendly and harming others, will incur punishment. Now, who were those that obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained rewards, and who were those that opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment? Mozi said: The ancient sage-kings of the Three Dynasties, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu, were those that obeyed the will of Heaven and obtained reward. And the wicked kings of the Three Dynasties, Jie, Zhou, You, and Li, were those that opposed the will of Heaven and incurred punishment. How did Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu obtain their reward? Mozi said: In the highest sphere they revered Heaven, in the middle sphere they worshipped the spirits, and in the lower sphere they loved the people. Thereupon the will of Heaven proclaimed: "All those whom I love these love also, and all those whom I benefit these benefit also. Their love to men is all-embracing and their benefit to men is most substantial." And so, they were raised to the honour of Sons of Heaven and enriched with the heritage of the empire. They were succeeded by descendants for ten thousand generations to continue the spread of their righteousness all over the world. And people praise them unto this day, calling them righteous sage-kings. How did Jie, Zhou, You, and Li incur their punishment? Mozi said: In the highest sphere they blasphemed against Heaven, in the middle sphere they blasphemed against the spirits, and in the sphere below they oppressed the people. Thereupon the will of Heaven proclaimed: "From those whom I love these turn away and hate, and those whom I want to benefit they oppress. Their hate of men is without limit and their oppression of men the most severe." And, so, they were not permitted to finish out their lives, or to survive a single generation. And people condemn them unto this day, calling them wicked kings. | |
| 5 | 天志上: | 然则何以知天之爱天下之百姓？以其兼而明之。何以知其兼而明之？以其兼而有之。何以知其兼而有之？以其兼而食焉。何以知其兼而食焉？四海之内，粒食之民，莫不犓牛羊，豢犬彘，洁为粢盛酒醴，以祭祀于上帝鬼神，天有邑人，何用弗爱也？且吾言杀一不辜者必有一不祥。杀不辜者谁也？则人也。予之不祥者谁也？则天也。若以天为不爱天下之百姓，则何故以人与人相杀，而天予之不祥？此我所以知天之爱天下之百姓也。 |
| Will of Heaven I: | How do we know Heaven loves the people? Because it teaches them all. How do we know it teaches them all? Because it claims them all. How do we know it claims them all? Because it accepts sacrifices from them all. How do we know it accepts sacrifices from all? Because within the four seas all who live on grains feed oxen and sheep with grass, and dogs and pigs with grains, and prepare clean cakes and wine to do sacrifice to God on High and the spirits. Claiming all the people, why will Heaven not love them? Moreover, as I have said, for the murder of one innocent individual there will be one calamity. Who is it that murders the innocent? It is man. Who is it that sends down the calamity? It is Heaven. If Heaven should be thought of as not loving the people, why should it send down calamities for the murder of man by man? So, I know Heaven loves the people. | |
| 6 | 天志上: |
顺天意者，义政也。反天意者，力政也。然义 政1将柰何哉？”子墨子言曰：“处大国不攻小国，处大家不篡小家，强者不劫弱，贵者不傲贱，多诈者不欺愚。此必上利于天，中利于鬼，下利于人，三利无所不利，故举天下美名加之，谓之圣王，力政者则与此异，言非此，行反此，犹幸驰也。处大国攻小国，处大家篡小家，强者劫弱，贵者傲贱，多诈欺愚。此上不利于天，中不利于鬼，下不利于人。三不利无所利，故举天下恶名加之，谓之暴王。” |
| Will of Heaven I: |
To obey the will of Heaven is to accept righteousness as the standard. To oppose the will of Heaven is to accept force as the standard. Now what will the standard of righteousness do? Mozi said: He who rules a large state does not attack small states: he who rules a large house does not molest small houses. The strong does not plunder the weak. The honoured does not demean the humble. The clever does not deceive the stupid. This is beneficial to Heaven above, beneficial to the spirits in the middle sphere, and beneficial to the people below. Being beneficial to these three it is beneficial to all. So the most excellent name is attributed to such a man and he is called sage-king. The standard of force is different from this. It is contradictory to this in word and opposed to this in deed like galloping with back to back. Leading a large state, he whose standard is force attacks small states; leading a large house he molests small houses. The strong plunders the weak. The honoured disdains the humble. The clever deceives the stupid. This is not beneficial to Heaven above, or to the spirits in the middle sphere, or to the people below. Not being beneficial to these three, it is beneficial to none. So, the most evil name in the world is attributed to him and he is called the wicked king. 1. 政 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 7 | 天志上: | 子墨子言曰：“我有天志，譬若轮人之有规，匠人之有矩，轮匠执其规矩，以度天下之方圜，曰：‘中者是也，不中者非也。’今天下之士君子之书，不可胜载，言语不可尽计，上说诸侯，下说列士，其于仁义则大相远也。何以知之？曰我得天下之明法以度之。” |
| Will of Heaven I: | Mozi said: The will of Heaven to me is like the compasses to the wheelwright and the square to the carpenter. The wheelwright and the carpenter measure all the square and circular objects with their square and compasses and accept those that fit as correct and reject those that do not fit as incorrect. The writings of the gentlemen of the world of the present day cannot be all loaded (in a cart), and their doctrines cannot be exhaustively enumerated. They endeavour to convince the feudal lords on the one hand and the scholars on the other. But from magnanimity and righteousness they are far off. How do we know? Because I have the most competent standard in the world to measure them with. |
URN: ctp:mozi/will-of-heaven-i