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中国哲学书电子化计划
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-> -> -> 兵守

《兵守》

英文翻译:J. J. L. Duyvendak[?]
提到《兵守》的书籍 电子图书馆
1 兵守:
四战之国,贵守战;负海之国,贵攻战。四战之国,好举兴兵,以距四邻者,国危。四邻之国一兴事,而己四兴军,故曰国危。四战之国,不能以万室之邑舍钜万之军者,其国危。故曰:四战之国,务在守战。
Military Defence:
A state that has to fight on four fronts values defence, and a state that rests against the sea values attack. For, if a state that fights on four fronts is fond of raising soldiers, it will be in a dangerous position, as it has to resist four neighbours. As soon as a country with four neighbours begins hostilities, four countries mobilize armies; therefore is it said that the country is in a dangerous position. If a state that has to fight on four fronts is unable to raise, from a city of ten thousand houses, an army of more than ten thousand men, then the state will be in a dangerous position. Therefore is it said: 'A state that has to fight on four fronts should concern itself with defensive warfare.'

2 兵守:
守有城之邑,不如以死人之力,与客生力战。其城难拔者,死人之力也;客不尽夷城,客无从入;此谓以死人之力与客生力战。城尽夷,客若有从入,则客必罢,中人必佚矣。以佚力与罢力战,此谓以生人力与客死力战。皆曰围城之患,患无不尽死而邑。此三者非患不足,将之过也。
Military Defence:
In defending walled cities, the best way is, with the strength of the worn-out men, to fight the fresh strength of the invaders. It is assaults upon walled cities that wear out the strength of men. So long as the walled cities have not all been razed, the invaders have no means of penetrating the country. This is meant by the saying that the strength of worn-out men should fight the fresh strength of the invading force. But when the walled cities have all been razed and the foreign army thus finds the means of penetrating, then certainly it will be exhausted, and the people within the country will be rested. Fighting with rested strength against those of exhausted strength is said to be: fighting with the strength of fresh men against the worn-out strength of the invading forces. All these are called the misfortunes attendant upon the besieging of walled cities. It is regarded as a misfortune that always, in capturing cities, the strength of the army is worn out. In these three things misfortune is due, not to insufficient effort, but to mistaken generalship.

3 兵守:
守城之道,盛力也。故曰客,治簿檄,三军之多,分以客之候车之数。三军:壮男为一军,壮女为一军,男女之老弱者为一军,此之谓三军也。壮男之军,使盛食厉兵,陈而待敌。壮女之军,使盛食负垒,陈而待令。客至而作土以为险阻及柞格阱陷,发梁彻屋,给徙,徙之;不给而熯之,使客无得以助攻备。老弱之军,使牧牛马羊彘;草水之可食者,收而食之,以获其壮男女之食。而慎使三军无相过。壮男过壮女之军,则男贵女,而奸民有从谋而国亡;喜与其恐,有蚤闻,勇民不战。壮男壮女过老弱之军,则老使壮悲,弱使强怜,悲怜在心,则使勇民更虑,而怯民不战。故曰慎使三军无相过,此盛力之道。
Military Defence:
The way to hold a city is to have abundant strength. Therefore is it said: 'When the invading force musters its levies, mobilize as many as three armies, and divide them according to the number of the chariots of the invading force.' Of these three armies, one should be formed of able-bodied men, one of able-bodied women, and one of the old and feeble men and women. These are called the three armies. Cause the army of able-bodied men, with abundant provisions and sharp weapons, to marshal themselves and to await the enemy; cause the able-bodied women, with abundant provisions and ramparts at their backs, to marshal themselves and to await orders, so as to make, at the approach of the invaders, earthworks as an obstruction, and traps, chevaux-de-frise and pitfalls, to pull down the supporting beams and to tear down the houses, to transport what is transportable, and to burn what is untransportable, so that the invaders are not able to make use thereof in their attack. Cause the army of the old and feeble to guard the oxen, horses, sheep and swine, and to collect all that is consumable of plants and water, to feed them therewith, so as to obtain food for the able-bodied men and women. But see to it carefully that the three armies do not intermingle. If the ablebodied men mingle with the army of the able-bodied women, they will attach great value to the safety of the women, and wicked people will have opportunities for intrigue, with the result that the state will perish. Taking pleasure in the women's company, the men will be afraid of disturbing reports and so not even the brave will fight. If the able-bodied men and women intermingle with the army of the old and feeble, then the old will arouse the compassion of the able-bodied, and the feeble the pity of the strong. Compassion and pity in the heart cause brave people to be more anxious and fearful people not to fight. Therefore is it said: 'See to it carefully that the three armies do not intermingle.' This is the way to have abundant strength.

URN: ctp:shang-jun-shu/military-defence