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| Condition 1: References "三王共皮弁素积" Matched:9. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《礼记 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《礼记》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《郊特牲 - Jiao Te Sheng》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《郊特牲》 Library Resources |
| 33 | 郊特牲: | 冠义：始冠之，缁布之冠也。大古冠布，齐则缁之。其緌也，孔子曰：“吾未之闻也。冠而敝之可也。” |
| Jiao Te Sheng: | (As to) the meaning of (the ceremony of) capping: The cap used for the first act of the service was of black cloth, the cap of the highest antiquity. It was originally of (white) cloth, but the colour when it was used in fasting was dyed black. As to its strings, Confucius said, 'I have not heard anything about them.' This cap, after it had been once put upon (the young man), might be disused. | |
| 适子冠于阼，以著代也。醮于客位，加有成也。三加弥尊，喻其志也。冠而字之，敬其名也。 | ||
| The son by the wife proper was capped by the eastern stairs (appropriate to the use of the master), to show how he was in their line of succession to him. The father handed him a cup in the guests' place (without receiving one in return). The capping showed that he had reached maturity. The using of three caps was to give greater importance (to the ceremony), and show its object more clearly. The giving the name of maturity in connexion with the ceremony was to show the reverence due to that name. | ||
| 委貌，周道也。章甫，殷道也。毋追，夏后氏之道也。周弁，殷冔，夏收。三王共皮弁素积。 | ||
| The wei-mao was the fashion of Zhou; the zhang-fu, that of Yin; and the mu-zhui, that of the sovereigns of Xia. Zhou used the bian; Yin, the xu; and Xia, the shou. The three dynasties all used the skin cap, with the skirt-of-white gathered up at the waist. | ||
| 无大夫冠礼，而有其昏礼。古者，五十而后爵，何大夫冠礼之有？诸侯之有冠礼，夏之末造也。 | ||
| There were no observances peculiar to the capping (in the families) of Great officers, though there were (peculiar) marriage ceremonies. Anciently a man was fifty when he took the rank of a Great officer; how should there have been peculiar ceremonies at his cappings? The peculiar ceremonies at the cappings as used by the princes arose in the end of the Xia dynasty. | ||
| 天子之元子，士也。天下无生而贵者也。继世以立诸侯，象贤也。以官爵人，德之杀也。死而谥，今也；古者生无爵，死无谥。 | ||
| The eldest son of the son of Heaven by his proper queen (was capped only as) an ordinary officer. There was nowhere such a thing as being born noble. Princes received their appointments on the hereditary principle, (to teach them) to imitate the virtue of their predecessors. Men received office and rank according to the degree of their virtue. There was the conferring of an honourable designation after death; but that is a modern institution. Anciently, there was no rank on birth, and no honorary title after death. |
《白虎通德论 - Bai Hu Tong》 | [Eastern Han] 79-92 Ban Gu | Books referencing 《白虎通德论》 Library Resources |
《卷四》 | Library Resources |
《三军》 | Library Resources |
| 2 | 三军: | 王者征伐，所以必皮弁素帻何？伐者凶事，素服，示有凄怆也。伐者质，故衣古服。《礼》曰：“三王共皮弁素帻，服亦皮素帻，又招虞人，亦皮弁。”知伐亦皮。 |
《卷十》 | Library Resources |
《绋冕》 | Books referencing 《绋冕》 Library Resources |
| 3 | 绋冕: | 皮弁者，何谓也？所以法古，至质冠名也。弁之言攀也，所以攀持其发也。上古之时质，先加服皮以鹿皮者，取其文章也。《礼》曰：“三王共皮弁素积。”裳也，腰中辟积，至质不易之服，反古不忘本也。战伐田猎，此皆服之。 |
《孔子家语 - Kongzi Jiayu》 | [Han (206 BC - 220)] | Books referencing 《孔子家语》 Library Resources |
《冠颂》 | Library Resources |
| 1 | 冠颂: | 邾隐公既即位，将冠，使大夫因孟懿子问礼于孔子。子曰：“其礼如世子之冠。冠于阼者，以著代也。醮于客位，加其有成，三加弥尊，导喻其志。冠而字之，敬其名也。虽天子之元子，犹士也。其礼无变，天下无生而贵者故也。行冠事必于祖庙，以祼享之礼以将之，以金石之乐节也；所以自卑而尊先祖，示不敢擅。”懿子曰：“天子未冠即位，长亦冠也。”孔子曰：“古者，王世子虽幼，其即位则尊为人君。人君治成人之事者，何冠之有？”懿子曰：“然则诸侯之冠异天子与？”孔子曰：“君薨而世子主丧，是亦冠也已。人君无所殊也。”懿子曰：“今邾君之冠非礼也？”孔子曰：“诸侯之有冠礼也，夏之末造也，有自来矣。今无讥焉。天子冠者，武王崩，成王年十有三而嗣立。周公居冢宰，摄政以治天下。明年夏六月，既葬，冠成王而朝于祖，以见诸侯，示有君也。周公命祝雍作颂，曰：‘祝王达而未幼。’祝雍辞曰：‘使王近于民，远于年，啬于时，惠于财，亲贤而任能。’其颂曰：‘令月吉日，王始加元服。去王幼志，心衮职，钦若昊天，六合是式，率尔祖考，永永无极。’此周公之制也。”懿子曰：“诸侯之冠，其所以为宾主何也？”孔子曰：“公冠则以卿为宾，无介，公自为主，迎宾揖，升自阼，立于席北。其醴也，则如士，飨之以三献之礼。既醴，降自阼。诸侯非公而自为主者，其所以异，皆降自西阶，玄端与皮弁异。朝服素毕，公冠四加，玄冕祭。其酬币于宾，则束帛乘马。王太子庶子之冠拟焉，皆天子自为主。其礼与士无变，飨食宾也，皆同。”懿子曰：“始冠必加缁布之冠，何也？”孔子曰：“示不亡古。太古冠布，斋则缁之。其緌也，吾未之闻。今则冠而币之，可也。”懿子曰：“三王之冠，其异何也？”孔子曰：“周弁，殷冔，夏收，一也。三王共皮弁素绩，委貌、周道也；章甫、殷道也；毋追、夏后氏之道。” |
《经典文献 - Ancient Classics》 | Related resources |
《仪礼 - Yili》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《仪礼》 Library Resources |
《士冠礼》 | Books referencing 《士冠礼》 Library Resources |
| 29 | 士冠礼: | 记。冠义：始冠，缁布之冠也。大古冠布，齐则缁之。其緌也，孔子曰：“吾未之闻也，冠而敝之可也。”适子冠于阼，以著代也。醮于客位，加有成也。三加弥尊，论其志也。冠而字之，敬其名也。委貌，周道也。章甫，殷道也。毌追，夏后氏之道也。周弁。殷冔。夏收。三王共皮弁素积。无大夫冠礼，而有其昬礼。古者五十而后爵，何大夫冠礼之有？公侯之有冠礼也，夏之末造也。天子之元子，犹士也，天下无生而贵者也。继世以立诸侯，象贤也。以官爵人，德之杀也。死而谥，今也。古者生无爵，死无谥。 |
《汉代之后 - Post-Han》 |
《宋明 - Song-Ming》 |
《太平御览》 | [Northern Song] 977-984 | Library Resources |
《兵部三十七》 | Library Resources |
《出师》 | Library Resources |
| 13 | 出师: | 《白虎通》曰：王者之伐，所以皮弁素帻。何服皮弁素帻也？王者将出，辞于祢，还假祢祖，言辞反之，礼尊亲之义。 |
《服章部一》 | Library Resources |
《总叙冠》 | Library Resources |
| 7 | 总叙冠: |
又《郊特牲》曰：冠义：始冠之，冠缁布冠也。始冠三加，先加缁布冠。太古冠布，斋则缁之，其緌也。斋则缁之，鬼神重暗也。孔子曰：“吾未之闻也。”冠而敝之可也。三代改制斋冠不用。适子冠于阼，以著代也。醮于客位，加有成也。三加弥尊，喻其志也。始加缁布冠，次皮弁，次爵弁，冠益尊而志益大也。冠而字之，敬其名也。委貌，周道也。章甫，殷道也。毋追，牟下音堆。夏后氏之道也。周弁，殷冔，音诩夏收，三王共皮弁素积。“所不易于先代。 又曰：黄衣黄冠而祭，息田夫也。野夫黄冠，黄冠，草服也。以息艮服，象季秋草木黄落。 |
《服章部三》 | Library Resources |
《弁》 | Library Resources |
| 4 | 弁: | 《白虎通》曰：皮弁者何谓也？所以法古至质冠之名也。弁之为言攀也，所以持发也。上古先贤服鹿皮，取其文章也。故《礼》曰：“三王共皮弁素绩。”爵弁何谓也？其色如爵头，周人宗庙之冠也，周尚赤，所以不纯赤，但如爵头也。 |
| 10 | 弁: |
《礼》曰：三王共皮弁素服。 又曰：祭之日，王皮弁，以听祭报。 又曰：太学始教皮弁、祭菜，示敬道也。 又曰：古者天子、诸侯必有公桑大昕之朝，君皮弁素积，卜三宫夫人，桑于公桑。 |
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