| | 郊特牲: |
天地合而后万物兴焉。夫昏礼，万世之始也。取于异姓，所以附远厚别也。币必诚，辞无不腆。告之以直信；信，事人也；信，妇德也。壹与之齐，终身不改。故夫死不嫁。 |
| Jiao Te Sheng: |
By the united action of heaven and earth all things spring up. Thus the ceremony of marriage is the beginning of a (line that shall last for a) myriad ages. The parties are of different surnames; thus those who are distant are brought together, and the separation (to be maintained between those who are of the same surname) is emphasised. There must be sincerity in the marriage presents; and all communications (to the woman) must be good. She should be admonished to be upright and sincere. Faithfulness is requisite in all service of others, and faithfulness is (specially) the virtue of a wife. Once mated with her husband, all her life she will not change (her feeling of duty to him) and hence, when the husband dies she will not marry (again). |
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男子亲迎，男先于女，刚柔之义也。天先乎地，君先乎臣，其义一也。执挚以相见，敬章别也。男女有别，然后父子亲，父子亲然后义生，义生然后礼作，礼作然后万物安。无别无义，禽兽之道也。婿亲御授绥，亲之也。亲之也者，亲之也。敬而亲之，先王之所以得天下也。出乎大门而先，男帅女，女从男，夫妇之义由此始也。妇人，从人者也；幼从父兄，嫁从夫，夫死从子。夫也者，夫也；夫也者，以知帅人者也。 |
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The gentleman went in person to meet the bride, the man taking the initiative and not the woman, according to the idea that regulates the relation between the strong and the weak (in all nature). It is according to this same idea that heaven takes precedence of earth, and the ruler of the subject. Presents are interchanged before (the parties) see each other; this reverence serving to illustrate the distinction (that should be observed between man and woman). When this distinction (between husband and wife) is exhibited, affection comes to prevail between father and son. When there is this affection, the idea of righteousness arises in the mind, and to this idea of righteousness succeeds (the observance of) ceremonies. Through those ceremonies there ensues universal repose. The absence of such distinction and righteousness is characteristic of the way of beasts. The bridegroom himself stands by (the carriage of the bride), and hands to her the strap (to assist her in mounting), showing his affection. Having that affection, he seeks to bring her near to him. It was by such reverence and affection for their wives that the ancient kings obtained the kingdom. In passing out from the great gate (of her father's house), he precedes, and she follows, and with this the right relation between husband and wife commences. The woman follows (and obeys) the man:-in her youth, she follows her father and elder brother; when married, she follows her husband; when her husband is dead, she follows her son. 'Man' denotes supporter. A man by his wisdom should (be able to) lead others. |
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玄冕斋戒，鬼神阴阳也。将以为社稷主，为先祖后，而可以不致敬乎？共牢而食，同尊卑也。故妇人无爵，从夫之爵，坐以夫之齿。 |
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The dark-coloured cap, and the (preceding) fasting and vigil, (with which the bridegroom meets the bride, makes the ceremony like the service of) spiritual beings, and (the meeting of) the bright and developing and receding influences (in nature). The result of it will be to give the lord for the altars to the spirits of the land and grain, and the successors of the forefathers of the past - is not the utmost reverence appropriate in it? Husband and wife ate, together of the same victim, thus declaring that they were of the same rank. Hence while the wife had (herself) no rank, she was held to be of the rank of her husband, and she took her seat according to the position belonging to him. |
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器用陶匏，尚礼然也。三王作牢用陶匏。厥明，妇盥馈。舅姑卒食，妇餕馀，私之也。舅姑降自西阶，妇降自阼阶，授之室也。 |
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The old rule at sacrifices was to have the vessels (only) of earthenware and gourds; and when the kings of the three dynasties instituted the (partaking of the) victim, those were the vessels employed. On the day after the marriage, the wife, having washed her hands, prepared and presented (a sucking-pig) to her husband's parents; and when they had done eating, she ate what was left - as a mark of their special regard. They descended from the hall by the steps on the west, while she did so by those on the east - so was she established in the wife's (or mistress's) place. |
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昏礼不用乐，幽阴之义也。乐，阳气也。昏礼不贺，人之序也。 |
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At the marriage ceremony, they did not employ music, having reference to the feeling of solitariness and darkness (natural to the separation from parents). Music expresses the energy of the bright and expanding influence. There was no congratulation on marriage;-it indicates how (one generation of) men succeeds to another. |
| | 哀公问: |
公曰：“寡人虽无似也，愿闻所以行三言之道，可得闻乎？”孔子对曰：“古之为政，爱人为大；所以治爱人，礼为大；所以治礼，敬为大；敬之至矣，大昏为大。大昏至矣！大昏既至，冕而亲迎，亲之也。亲之也者，亲之也。是故，君子兴敬为亲；舍敬，是遗亲也。弗爱不亲；弗敬不正。爱与敬，其政之本与！” |
| Ai Gong Wen: |
The duke said, 'Although I cannot, in my unworthiness, count myself as having attained, I should like to hear how these three things which you have mentioned can be rightly secured. May I hear it from you?' Confucius replied, 'With the ancients in their practice of government the love of men was the great point; in their regulation of this love of men, the rules of ceremony was the great point; in their regulation of those rules, reverence was the great point. For of the extreme manifestation of reverence we find the greatest illustration in the great (rite of) marriage. Yes, in the great (rite of) marriage there is the extreme manifestation of respect; and when one took place, the bridegroom in his square-topped cap went in person to meet the bride;--thus showing his affection for her. It was his doing this himself that was the demonstration of his affection. Thus it is that the superior man commences with respect as the basis of love. To neglect respect is to leave affection unprovided for. Without loving there can be no (real) union; and without respect the love will not be correct. Yes, love and respect lie at the foundation of government.' |
