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《墨家 - Mohism》

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[Also known as: "Moism"]

《墨子 - Mozi》

[Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC

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Introduction

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[Also known as: "Mo-tze"]

《卷一 - Book 1》
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《辞过 - Indulgence in Excess》
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English translation: W. P. Mei ^[?]

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3 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show photographic representation Show commentary Show additional information	辞过:	古之民，未知为衣服时，衣皮带茭，冬则不轻而温，夏则不轻而凊。圣王以为不中人之情，故作诲妇人治役，修其城郭，则民劳而不伤；以其常正，收其租税，则民费而不病。民所苦者非此也，苦于厚作敛于百姓。¹丝麻，捆布绢，以为民衣。为衣服之法：冬则练帛之中，足以为轻且暖；夏则絺綌之中，足以为轻且²凊，谨此则止。故圣人之³为衣服，适身体和肌肤而足矣。非荣耳目而观愚民也。当是之时，坚车良马不知贵也，刻镂文采，不知喜也。何则？其所道之然。故民衣食之财，家足以待旱水凶饥者，何也？得其所以自养之情，而不感于外也。是以其民俭而易治，其君用财节而易赡也。府库实满，足以待不然。兵革不顿，士民不劳，足以征不服。故霸王之业，可行于天下矣。
	Indulgence in Excess:...:	Before clothing was known the primitive people wore coats of furs and belts of straw. They were neither light and warm in winter nor light and cool in summer. The sage-king thought this did not satisfy the needs of man. So, he taught the women to produce silk and flax and to weave cloth and linen, therewith to make clothing for the people. The guiding principles for clothing were these: In winter the underwear shall be made of spun-silk so as to be light and warm. In summer it shall be made of coarse flax so as to be light and cool. And this is sufficient. Therefore the sages made their clothes just to fit their stature and size, and not for the purpose of pleasing the senses or to dazzle the common people. In that age, durable carts and gentle horses were not valued, neither were sculpture and adornments prized. What is the reason for this? The reason lies in the kind of leadership. The people had sufficient means of livelihood in their home to meet either drought or flood, dearth or famine. Why? Because they understood the needs of self-support and paid little attention to external appearance. So, the people were frugal and orderly and the ruler was thrifty and easily supported. The store house and treasury were full, prepared against misfortunes. Armour and weapons were not left in disuse and the soldiers and the people were not tired, ready to punish the unsubmissive. Thus the ruler could become a tyrant over the empire. 1. 役，修其城郭，则民劳而不伤；以其常正，收其租税，则民费而不病。民所苦者非此也，苦于厚作敛于百姓。 : Moved to entry 1. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 2. 暖；夏则絺綌之中，足以为轻且 : Inserted. 据《群书治要》、《长短经》补。孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 3. 之 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

《汉代之后 - Post-Han》
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《辞过》

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辞过:

古之民未知为衣服时，衣皮带茭，冬则不轻而温，夏则不轻而凊，圣王以为不中人之温清，故作诲妇人以为民衣，为衣服之法，冬则练帛之中，足以为轻且暖，夏则絺綌之中，足以为轻且清，谨此则止，故圣人之为衣服，适身体，和肌肤而足矣。非荣耳目而观愚民也。当是之时，坚车良马，不知贵也。刻镂文采，不知喜也。得其所以自养之情，而不感于外，是以其民俭而易治，其君用财，节而易赡也。府库实满，足以待不极，兵革不顿，士民不劳，足以征不服，故霸王之业，可行于天下矣。当今之主，其为衣服则与此异矣。冬则轻暖，夏则轻清，皆已具矣。必厚作敛于百姓，暴夺民衣食之财，以为锦绣文采靡曼之衣，铸金以为鈎，珠玉以为佩，女工作文采，男工作刻镂，以身服之，此非云益暖之情也。单财劳力，毕归之于无用也。以此观之，其为衣服非为身体，皆为观好，是以其民淫僻而难治，其君奢侈而难谏也。夫以奢侈之君，御淫僻之民，欲用无乱，不可得也。君诚欲天下之治而恶其乱，当为衣服不可不节。