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| Condition 1: References "迩臣不可不慎也" Matched:18. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《礼记 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《礼记》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《缁衣 - Zi Yi》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《缁衣》 Library Resources |
| 14 | 缁衣: | 子曰：“大臣不亲，百姓不宁，则忠敬不足，而富贵已过也；大臣不治而迩臣比矣。故大臣不可不敬也，是民之表也；迩臣不可不慎也，是民之道也。君毋以小谋大，毋以远言近，毋以内图外，则大臣不怨，迩臣不疾，而远臣不蔽矣。叶公之顾命曰：‘毋以小谋败大作，毋以嬖御人疾庄后，毋以嬖御士疾庄士、大夫、卿士。’” |
| Zi Yi: | The Master said, 'When the great ministers are not on terms of friendly intimacy (with the ruler), and the common people consequently are not restful, this is because the loyalty (of the ministers) and the respect (of the ruler) are not sufficient, and the riches and rank conferred (on the former) are excessive. (The consequence is, that) the great ministers do not discharge their functions of government, and the ministers closer (to the ruler) form parties against them. Therefore the great ministers should by all means be treated with respect; they are examples to the people; and ministers nearer (to the ruler) should by all means be careful - they direct the way of the people. Let not the ruler consult with inferior officers about greater, nor with those who are from a distance about those who are near to him, nor with those who are beyond the court about those who belong to it. If he act thus, the great ministers will not be dissatisfied; the ministers closer to him will not be indignant; and those who are more remote will not be kept in obscurity. The duke of She in his dying charge said, "Do not by little counsels ruin great enterprises; do not for the sake of a favourite concubine provoke queen Zhuang; do not for the sake of a favourite officer provoke your grave officers - the Great officers or high ministers."' | |
| 16 | 缁衣: | 子曰：“小人溺于水，君子溺于口，大人溺于民，皆在其所亵也。夫水近于人而溺人，德易狎而难亲也，易以溺人；口费而烦，易出难悔，易以溺人；夫民闭于人，而有鄙心，可敬不可慢，易以溺人。故君子不可以不慎也。《太甲》曰：‘毋越厥命以自覆也；若虞机张，往省括于厥度则释。’《兑命》曰：‘惟口起羞，惟甲胄起兵，惟衣裳在笥，惟干戈省厥躬。’《太甲》曰：‘天作孽，可违也；自作孽，不可以逭。’《尹吉》曰：‘惟尹躬天，见于西邑；夏自周有终，相亦惟终。’” |
| Zi Yi: | The Master said, 'A small man is drowned in the water; a superior man is drowned or ruined by his mouth; the great man suffers his ruin from the people - all suffer from what they have played and taken liberties with. Water is near to men, and yet it drowns them. Its nature makes it easy to play with, but dangerous to approach - men are easily drowned in it. The mouth is loquacious and troublesome; for words once uttered there is hardly a place of repentance - men are easily ruined by it. The people, restricted in their humanity, have vulgar and rude minds; they should be respected, and should not be treated with contempt - men are easily ruined by them. Therefore the superior man should by all means be careful in his dealings with them. It is said in the Tai Jia (Shu, III, v, sect. 1, 5, 7), "Do not frustrate the charge to me, and bring on yourself your own overthrow. Be like the forester, who, when he has adjusted the string, goes to examine the end of the arrow, whether it be placed according to rule, and then lets go." It is said in the Charge to Yue (III, viii, Sect. 2, 4), "It is the mouth which gives occasion to shame; they are the coat of mail and helmet which give occasion to war. The upper robes and lower garments (for reward) should not be taken (lightly from) their chests; before spear and shield are used, one should examine himself." It is said in the Tai Jia (Shu, III, v, sect. 2, 3), "Calamities sent by Heaven may be avoided; but from those brought on by one's self there is no escape." It is said in the Announcement of Yin (Shu, III, v, sect. 1, 3), "I have seen it myself in Xia with its western capital, that when its sovereigns went through a prosperous course to the end, their ministers also did the same."' |
《大学 - Da Xue》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《大学》 Library Resources |
| 12 | 大学: | 所谓平天下在治其国者：上老老而民兴孝，上长长而民兴弟，上恤孤而民不倍，是以君子有洁矩之道也。所恶于上，毋以使下；所恶于下，毋以事上；所恶于前，毋以先后；所恶于后，毋以从前；所恶于右，毋以交于左；所恶于左，毋以交于右。此之谓洁矩之道。《诗》云：“乐只君子，民之父母。”民之所好好之，民之所恶恶之，此之谓民之父母。《诗》云：“节彼南山，维石岩岩。赫赫师尹，民具尔瞻。”有国者不可以不慎，辟则为天下戮矣。 |
| Da Xue: | What is meant by "The making the whole kingdom peaceful and happy depends on the government of his state," this: When the sovereign behaves to his aged, as the aged should be behaved to, the people become filial; when the sovereign behaves to his elders, as the elders should be behaved to, the people learn brotherly submission; when the sovereign treats compassionately the young and helpless, the people do the same. Thus the ruler has a principle with which, as with a measuring square, he may regulate his conduct. What a man dislikes in his superiors, let him not display in the treatment of his inferiors; what he dislikes in inferiors, let him not display in the service of his superiors; what he hates in those who are before him, let him not therewith precede those who are behind him; what he hates in those who are behind him, let him not bestow on the left; what he hates to receive on the left, let him not bestow on the right:-this is what is called "The principle with which, as with a measuring square, to regulate one's conduct." In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "How much to be rejoiced in are these princes, the parents of the people!" When a prince loves what the people love, and hates what the people hate, then is he what is called the parent of the people. In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Lofty is that southern hill, with its rugged masses of rocks! Greatly distinguished are you, O grand-teacher Yin, the people all look up to you. "Rulers of states may not neglect to be careful. If they deviate to a mean selfishness, they will be a disgrace in the kingdom. |
《说苑 - Shuo Yuan》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《说苑》 Library Resources |
《君道》 | Books referencing 《君道》 Library Resources |
| 37 | 君道: | 晏子没十有七年，景公饮诸大夫酒，公射出质，堂上唱善，若出一口，公作色太息，播弓矢。弦章入，公曰：“章，自吾失晏子，于今十有七年，未尝闻吾过不善，今射出质而唱善者，若出一口。”弦章对曰：“此诸臣之不肖也，知不足知君之善，勇不足以犯君之颜色。然而有一焉，臣闻之：君好之，则臣服之；君嗜之，则臣食之。夫尺蠖食黄，则其身黄，食苍则其身苍；君其犹有陷人言乎？”公曰：“善！今日之言，章为君，我为臣。”是时海人入鱼，公以五十乘赐弦章归，鱼乘塞涂，抚其御之手，曰：“曩之唱善者，皆欲若鱼者也。”昔者晏子辞赏以正君，故过失不掩，今诸臣谄谀以干利，故出质而唱善如出一口，今所辅于君，未见众而受若鱼，是反晏子之义而顺谄谀之欲也，固辞鱼不受。君子曰：弦章之廉，乃晏子之遗训也。夫天之生人也，盖非以为君也；天之立君也，盖非以为位也。夫为人君行其私欲而不顾其人，是不承天意忘其位之所以宜事也，如此者，春秋不予能君而夷狄之，郑伯恶一人而兼弃其师，故有夷狄不君之辞，人主不以此自省，惟既以失实，心奚因知之，故曰：有国者不可以不学春秋，此之谓也。 |
《建本》 | Books referencing 《建本》 Library Resources |
| 15 | 建本: | 公扈子曰：有国者不可以不学，春秋，生而尊者骄，生而富者傲，生而富贵，又无鉴而自得者鲜矣。春秋，国之鉴也，春秋之中，弑君三十六，亡国五十二，诸侯奔走不得保社稷者甚众，未有不先见而后从之者也。 |
《尊贤》 | Books referencing 《尊贤》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 尊贤: | 春秋之时，天子微弱，诸侯力政，皆叛不朝；众暴寡，强劫弱，南夷与北狄交侵，中国之不绝若线。桓公于是用管仲、鲍叔、隰朋、宾胥无、甯戚，三存亡国，一继绝世，救中国，攘戎狄，卒胁荆蛮，以尊周室，霸诸侯。晋文公用咎犯、先轸、阳处父，强中国，败强楚，合诸侯，朝天子，以显周室。楚庄王用孙叔敖、司马子反、将军子重，征陈从郑，败强晋，无敌于天下。秦穆公用百里子、蹇叔子、王子廖及由余，据有雍州，攘败西戎。吴用延州莱季子，并翼州，扬威于鸡父。郑僖公富有千乘之国，贵为诸侯，治义不顺人心，而取弑于臣者，不先得贤也。至简公用子产、裨谌、世叔、行人子羽，贼臣除，正臣进，去强楚，合中国，国家安宁，二十馀年，无强楚之患。故虞有宫之奇，晋献公为之终夜不寐；楚有子玉得臣，文公为之侧席而坐，远乎贤者之厌难折冲也。夫宋襄公不用公子目夷之言，大辱于楚；曹不用僖负羁之谏，败死于戎。故共惟五始之要，治乱之端，在乎审己而任贤也。国家之任贤而吉，任不肖而凶，案往世而视己事，其必然也，如合符，此为人君者，不可以不慎也。国家惛乱而良臣见，鲁国大乱，季友之贤见，僖公即位而任季子，鲁国安宁，外内无忧，行政二十一年，季子之卒后，邾击其南，齐伐其北，鲁不胜其患，将乞师于楚以取全耳，故传曰：患之起必自此始也。公子买不可使戍卫，公子遂不听君命而擅之晋，内侵于臣下，外困于兵乱，弱之患也。僖公之性，非前二十一年常贤，而后乃渐变为不肖也，此季子存之所益，亡之所损也。夫得贤失贤，其损益之验如此，而人主忽于所用，甚可疾痛也。夫智不足以见贤，无可奈何矣，若智能见之，而强不能决，犹豫不用，而大者死亡，小者乱倾，此甚可悲哀也。以宋殇公不知孔父之贤乎，安知孔父死，己必死，趋而救之，趋而救之者，是知其贤也。以鲁庄公不知季子之贤乎，安知疾将死，召季子而授之国政，授之国政者，是知其贤也。此二君知能见贤而皆不能用，故宋殇公以杀死，鲁庄公以贼嗣，使宋殇蚤任孔父，鲁庄素用季子，乃将靖邻国，而况自存乎！ |
《敬慎》 | Library Resources |
| 12 | 敬慎: | 石雠曰：“春秋有忽然而足以亡者，国君不可以不慎也！妃妾不一，足以亡；公族不亲，足以亡；大臣不任，足以亡；国爵不用，足以亡；亲佞近谗，足以亡；举百事不时，足以亡；使民不节，足以亡；刑罚不中，足以亡；内失众心，足以亡；外嫚大国，足以亡。” |
| 29 | 敬慎: | 修身正行，不可以不慎：嗜欲使行亏，谗谀乱正心，众口使意回，忧患生于所忽，祸起于细微，污辱难湔洒，败事不可后追，不深念远虑，后悔当几何？夫徼幸者，伐性之斧也；嗜欲者，逐祸之马也；谩谀者，穷辱之舍也；取虐于人者，趋祸之路也，故曰去徼幸，务忠信，节嗜欲，无取虐于人，则称为君子，名声常存。怨生于不报，祸生于多福，安危存于自处，不困在于蚤豫，存亡在于得人，慎终如始，乃能长久。能行此五者，可以全身，己所不欲，勿施于人，是谓要道也。 |
《春秋繁露 - Chun Qiu Fan Lu》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Dong Zhong Shu | Books referencing 《春秋繁露》 Library Resources Related resources |
《俞序》 | Books referencing 《俞序》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 俞序: | 仲尼之作春秋也，上探正天端，王公之位，万物民之所欲，下明得失，起贤才，以待后圣。故引史记，理往事，正是非，见王公。史记十二公之间，皆衰世之事，故门人惑。孔子曰：“吾因其行事而加乎王心焉。”以为见之空言，不如行事博深切明。故子贡、闵子、公肩子，言其切而为国家资也。其为切而至于杀君亡国，奔走不得保社稷，其所以然，是皆不明于道，不览于《春秋》也。故卫子夏言，有国家者不可不学《春秋》，不学《春秋》，则无以见前后旁侧之危，则不知国之大柄，君之重任也。故或胁穷失国，抢杀于位，一朝至尔。苟能述《春秋》之法，致行其道，岂徒除祸哉，乃尧舜之德也。故世子曰：“功及子孙，光辉百世，圣人之德，莫美于恕。”故予先言《春秋》详己而异人，《春秋》之道，大得之则以王，小得之则以霸。故曾子、子石盛美齐侯，安诸侯，尊天子。霸王之道，皆本于仁。仁，天心，故次以天心。爱人之大者，莫大于思患而豫防之，故蔡得意于吴，鲁得意于齐，而《春秋》皆不告，故次以言怨人不可迩，敌国不可狎，攘窃之国不可使久亲，皆防患为民除患之意也。不爱民之渐乃至于死亡，故言楚灵王晋厉公生弑于位，不仁之所致也。故善宋襄公不厄人，不由其道而胜，不如由其道而败，《春秋》贵之，将以变习俗而成王化也。故子夏言《春秋》重人，诸讥皆本此。或奢侈使人愤怨，或暴虐贼害人，终皆祸及身。故子池言鲁庄筑台，丹楹刻桷，晋厉之刑刻意者，皆不得以寿终。上奢侈，刑又急，皆不内恕，求备于人，故次以《春秋》缘人情，赦小过，而《传》明之曰：“君子辞也。”孔子明得失，见成败，疾时世之不仁，失王道之体，故缘人情，赦小过，《传》又明之曰：“君子辞也。”孔子曰：“吾因行事，加吾王心焉。”假其位号以正人伦，因其成败以明顺逆，故其所善，则桓文行之而遂，其所恶，则乱国行之终以败，故始言大恶杀君亡国，终言赦小过，是亦始于粗粗，终于精微，教化流行，德泽大洽，天下之人，人有士君子之行而少过矣，亦讥二名之意也。 |
《法家 - Legalism》 | Related resources |
《管子 - Guanzi》 | [Warring States - Han (475 BC - 220)] | Books referencing 《管子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《枢言 - Shu Yan》 | Books referencing 《枢言》 Library Resources |
| 3 | 枢言: | 人主不可以不慎贵，不可以不慎民，不可以不慎富，慎贵在举贤，慎民在置官，慎富在务地。故人主之卑尊轻重，在此三者，不可不慎。国有宝有器有用，城郭险阻蓄藏，宝也。圣智，器也。珠玉，末用也。先王重其宝器，而轻其末用。故能为天下生而不死者二，立而不立者四。喜也者、怒也者、恶也者、欲也者、天下之败也。而贤者宝之，为善者非善也故善无以为也，故先王贵善。王主积于民，霸主积于将战士，衰主积于贵人，亡主积于妇女珠玉，故先王慎其所积。 |
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