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| Condition 1: References "大人与天地合其德" Matched:8. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《论衡 - Lunheng》 | [Eastern Han] 80 Wang Chong English translation: Albert Forke [?] | Books referencing 《论衡》 Library Resources |
《感虚》 | Books referencing 《感虚》 Library Resources |
| 52 | 感虚: | 孔子疾病，子路请祷。孔子曰：“有诸？”子路曰：“有之；《诔》曰：‘祷尔于上下神祗。’”孔子曰：“丘之祷久矣。”圣人修身正行，素祷之日久，天地鬼神知其无罪，故曰“祷久矣”。《易》曰：“大人与天地合其德，与日月合其明，与四时合其叙，与鬼神合其吉凶。”此言圣人与天地鬼神同德行也。即须祷以得福，是不同也。汤与孔子俱圣人也，皆素祷之日久。孔子不使子路祷以治病，汤何能以祷得雨？孔子素祷，身犹疾病；汤亦素祷，岁犹大旱，然则天地之有水旱，犹人之有疾病也。疾病不可以自责除，水旱不可以祷谢去，明矣。 |
《寒温》 | Library Resources |
| 17 | 寒温: | 夫大人与天地合德，先天而天不违，后天而奉天时。《洪范》曰：“急，恒寒若；舒，恒燠若。”如《洪范》之言，天气随人易徙，当先天而天不违耳，何故复言“后天而奉天时”乎？“后”者、天已寒温于前，而人赏罚于后也。由此言之，人言与《尚书》不合，一疑也。京氏占寒温以阴阳升降，变复之家以刑赏喜怒，两家乖迹，二疑也。民间占寒温，今日寒而明日温，朝有繁霜，夕有列光，旦雨气温，旦旸气寒。夫雨者阴，旸者阳也；寒者阴，而温者阳也。雨旦旸反寒，旸旦雨反温，不以类相应，三疑也。三疑不定，“自然”之说，亦未立也。 |
《谴告》 | Library Resources |
| 7 | 谴告: | 故以善驳恶，以恶惧善，告人之理，劝厉为善之道也。舜戒禹曰：“毋若丹朱敖。”周公勑成王曰：“毋若殷王纣。”毋者、禁之也。丹朱、殷纣至恶，故曰“毋”以禁之。夫言“毋若”，孰与言“必若”哉？故“毋”、“必”二辞，圣人审之，况肯谴非为非，顺人之过，以增其恶哉？天人同道，大人与天合德。圣贤以善反恶，皇天以恶随非，岂道同之效、合德之验哉？ |
| 17 | 谴告: | 《易》曰：“大人与天地合其德。”故太伯曰：“天不言，殖其道于贤者之心。”夫大人之德，则天德也；贤者之言，则天言也。大人剌而贤者谏，是则天谴告也，而反归告于灾异，故疑之也。 |
《自然 - Ziran》 | English translation: Albert Forke [?] | Library Resources |
| 9 | 自然: | 《易》曰：“黄帝、尧、舜垂衣裳而天下治。”垂衣裳者、垂拱无为也。孔子曰：“大哉，尧之为君也！惟天为大，惟尧则之。”又曰：“巍巍乎！舜、禹之有天下也，而不与焉。”周公曰：“上帝引佚。”上帝、谓舜、禹也。舜、禹承安继治，任贤使能，恭己无为而天下治。舜、禹承尧之安，尧则天而行，不作功邀名，无为之化自成，故曰：“荡荡乎，民无能名焉！”年五十者击壤于涂，不能知尧之德，盖自然之化也。《易》曰：“大人与天地合其德。”黄帝、尧、舜、大人也，其德与天地合，故知无为也。天道无为，故春不为生，而夏不为长，秋不为成，冬不为藏。阳气自出，物自生长；阴气自起，物自成藏。汲井决陂，灌溉园田，物亦生长。霈然而雨，物之茎叶根垓莫不洽濡。程量澍泽，孰与汲井决陂哉？故无为之为大矣。本不求功，故其功立；本不求名，故其名成。沛然之雨，功名大矣，而天地不为也，气和而雨自集。 |
| Ziran: |
The Yijing says that Huang Di, Yao, and Shun let their robes fall, and the empire was governed.That they let their robes fall means that their robes fell down, and that they folded their arms, doing nothing. Confucius said, "Grand indeed was Yao as a sovereign! Heaven alone is great, and Yao alone emulated it!" and, "How imposing was the way in which Shun and Yu swayed the empire, but did not much care for it." The Duke of Zhou makes the remark that the supreme ruler enjoyed his ease. By the supreme ruler Shun and Yu are meant. Shun and Yu took over the peaceful government, which they continued, appointing wise men and men of talent. They respected themselves, and did no work themselves, and the empire was governed. Shun and Yu received the peaceful government from Yao. Yao imitated Heaven; he did not do meritorious deeds or strive for a name, and reforms, for which nothing was done, were completed of themselves. Hence it was said, "Excellent indeed," but the people did not find the right name for it. Those aged 50 years were beating clods of earth together on their land, but they did not understand Yao's virtue, because the reforms were spontaneous. The Yijing says, "The great man equals Heaven and Earth in virtue." Huang Di, Yao, and Shun were such great men. Their virtue was on a level with that of Heaven and Earth, therefore they knew inaction. The principle of Heaven is inaction. Accordingly in spring it does not do the germinating, in summer the growing, in autumn the ripening, or in winter the hiding of the seeds. When the Yang fluid comes forth spontaneously, plants will germinate and grow of themselves, and, when the Yin fluid rises, they ripen and disappear of their own accord. When we irrigate garden land with water drawn from wells or drained from ponds, plants germinate and grow also, but, when showers of rain come down, the stalks, leaves, and roots are all abundantly soaked. Natural moisture is much more copious than artificial irrigation from wells and ponds. Thus inactive action brings the greatest results. By not seeking it, merit is acquired, and by not affecting it, fame is obtained. Rain-showers, merit, and fame are something great, yet Heaven and Earth do not work for them. When the fluid harmonises, rain gathers spontaneously. |
《感类》 | Library Resources |
| 9 | 感类: | 又问曰：“鲁季孙赐曾子箦，曾子病而寝之。童子曰：‘华而睆者，大夫之箦。’而曾子感惭，命元易箦。盖礼，大夫之箦，士不得寝也。今周公、人臣也，以天子礼葬，魂而有灵，将安之不也？”应曰：“成王所为，天之所予，何为不安？”难曰：“季孙所赐大夫之箦，岂曾子之所自制乎？何独不安乎？子疾病，子路遣门人为臣。病间，曰：‘久矣哉由之行诈也！无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺？欺天乎？’孔子罪子路者也。己非人君，子路使门人为臣，非天之心，而妄为之，是欺天也。周公亦非天子也，以孔子之心况周公，周公必不安也。季氏旅于太山，孔子曰：‘曾谓泰山不如林放乎？’以曾子之细，犹却非礼，周公至圣，岂安天子之葬？曾谓周公不如曾子乎？由此原之，周公不安也。大人与天地合德，周公不安，天亦不安，何故为雷雨以责成王乎？” |
| 11 | 感类: | 又问曰：“功无大小，德无多少，人须仰恃赖之者，则为美矣。使周公不代武王，武王病死，周公与成王而致天下太平乎？”应曰：“成事，周公辅成王而天下不乱。使武王不见代，遂病至死，周公致太平何疑乎？”难曰：“若是，武王之生无益，其死无损，须周公功乃成也。周衰，诸侯背畔，管仲九合诸侯，一匡天下。孔子曰：‘微管仲，吾其被发左衽矣。’使无管仲，不合诸侯，夷狄交侵，中国绝灭，此无管仲有所伤也。程量有益，管仲之功，偶于周公。管仲死，桓公不以诸侯礼葬，以周公况之，天亦宜怒，微雷薄雨不至，何哉？岂以周公圣而管仲不贤乎？夫管仲为反坫，有三归，孔子讥之，以为不贤。反坫、三归，诸侯之礼；天子礼葬，王者之制，皆以人臣，俱不得为。大人与天地合德，孔子、大人也，讥管仲之僭礼；皇天欲周公之侵制，非合德之验，《书》家之说，未可然也。” |
《道家 - Daoism》 | Related resources |
《文子 - Wenzi》 | [Eastern Han - Jin] 212-231 | Books referencing 《文子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《精诚》 | Library Resources |
| 2 | 精诚: | 老子曰：天设日月，列星辰，张四时，调阴阳。日以暴之，夜以息之，风以乾之，雨露以濡之。其生物也，莫见其所养而万物长；其杀物也，莫见其所丧而万物亡。此谓神明。是故圣人象之，其起福也，不见其所以而福起；其除祸也，不见其所由而祸除。稽之不得，察之不虚，日计不足，岁计有馀，寂然无声，一言而大动天下，是以天心动化者也。故精诚内形，气动于天，景星见，黄龙下，凤皇至，醴泉出，嘉谷生，河不满溢，海不波涌；逆天暴物，即日月薄蚀，五星失行，四时相乘，昼明宵光，山崩川涸，冬雷夏霜。天之与人，有以相通，故国之沮亡也，天文变，世或乱，虹霓见，万物有以相连，精气有以相薄，故神明之事，不可以智巧为也，不可以强力致也。故大人与天地合德，与日月合明，与鬼神合灵，与四时合信，怀天心，抱地气，执冲含和，不下堂而行四海，变易习俗，民化迁善，若生诸己，能以神化者也。 |
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