| | 哀公问: |
公曰：“寡人固！不固，焉得闻此言也。寡人欲问，不得其辞，请少进！”孔子曰：“天地不合，万物不生。大昏，万世之嗣也，君何谓已重焉！” |
| Ai Gong Wen: |
The duke said, 'I am stupid. But if I were not stupid, how should I have heard what you have just said? I wish to question you, but cannot find the proper words (to do so); I beg you to go on a little further.' Confucius said, 'If there were not the united action of heaven and earth, the world of things would not grow. By means of the grand rite of marriage, the generations of men are continued through myriads of ages. How can your lordship say that the ceremony in question is too great?' |
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孔子遂言曰：“内以治宗庙之礼，足以配天地之神明；出以治直言之礼，足以立上下之敬。物耻足以振之，国耻足以兴之。为政先礼。礼，其政之本与！” |
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He immediately added, 'In their own peculiar sphere, (this marriage) serves for the regulation of the ceremonies of the ancestral temple, and is sufficient to supply the correlates to the spiritual Intelligences of heaven and earth; in the (wider) sphere abroad, it serves for the regulation of the ceremonies of the court, and is sufficient to establish the respect of those below him to him who is above them all. If there be ground for shame on account of (a deficiency of) resources, this is sufficient to stimulate and secure them; if there be ground for shame on account of the condition of the states, this is sufficient to revive and renew them. Ceremonies are the first thing to be attended to in the practice of government. Yes, (this) ceremony (of marriage) lies at the foundation of government!' |
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孔子遂言曰：“昔三代明王之政，必敬其妻子也，有道。妻也者，亲之主也，敢不敬与？子也者，亲之后也，敢不敬与？君子无不敬也，敬身为大。身也者，亲之枝也，敢不敬与？不能敬其身，是伤其亲；伤其亲，是伤其本；伤其本，枝从而亡。三者，百姓之象也。身以及身，子以及子，妃以及妃，君行此三者，则忾乎天下矣，大王之道也。如此，国家顺矣。” |
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Confucius continued, 'Anciently, under the government of the intelligent kings of the three dynasties, it was required of a man to show respect to his wife and son. When the path (of right government) was pursued, the wife was the hostess of the (deceased) parents - could any husband dare not to show her respect? And the son was the descendant of those parents - could any father dare not to show him respect? The superior man's respect is universal. Wherein it appears the greatest is in his respect for himself. He is in his person a branch from his parents - can any son but have this self-respect? If he is not able to respect his own person, he is wounding his parents. If he wound his parents, he is wounding his own root; and when the root is wounded, the branches will follow it in its dying. These three things are an image of what is true with the whole people (in the body politic). One's own person reaches to the persons of others; one's own son to the sons of others; one's own wife to the wives of others. If a ruler do these things, the spirit of his conduct will reach to all under the sky. If the course of the great king be thus, all the states and families will be docilely obedient.' |
