| | 天运: |
孔子西游于卫。颜渊问师金，曰：“以夫子之行为奚如？”师金曰：“惜乎，而夫子其穷哉！”颜渊曰：“何也？”师金曰：“夫刍狗之未陈也，盛以箧衍，巾以文绣，尸祝齐戒以将之；及其已陈也，行者践其首脊，苏者取而爨之而已。将复取而盛以箧衍，巾以文绣，游居寝卧其下，彼不得梦，必且数眯焉。今而夫子，亦取先王已陈刍狗，聚弟子游居寝卧其下。故伐树于宋，削迹于卫，穷于商、周，是非其梦邪？围于陈、蔡之间，七日不火食，死生相与邻，是非其眯邪？ |
| The Revolution of Heaven:...: |
When Confucius was travelling in the west in Wei, Yan Yuan asked the music-master Jin, saying, 'How is it, do you think, with the course of the Master?' The music-master replied, 'Alas! it is all over with your Master!' 'How so?' asked Yan Yuan; and the other said, 'Before the grass-dogs are set forth (at the sacrifice), they are deposited in a box or basket, and wrapt up with elegantly embroidered cloths, while the representative of the dead and the officer of prayer prepare themselves by fasting to present them. After they have been set forth, however, passers-by trample on their heads and backs, and the grass-cutters take and burn them in cooking. That is all they are good for. If one should again take them, replace them in the box or basket, wrap them up with embroidered cloths, and then in rambling, or abiding at the spot, should go to sleep under them, if he do not get (evil) dreams, he is sure to be often troubled with the nightmare. Now here is your Master in the same way taking the grass-dogs, presented by the ancient kings, and leading his disciples to wander or abide and sleep under them. Owing to this, the tree (beneath which they were practising ceremonies) in Sung was cut down; he was obliged to leave Wei; he was reduced to extremities in Shang and Zhou: were not those experiences like having (evil) dreams? He was kept in a state of siege between Chen and Cai, so that for seven days he had no cooked food to eat, and was in a situation between life and death: were not those experiences like the nightmare? |
| | |
夫水行莫如用舟，而陆行莫如用车。以舟之可行于水也而求推之于陆，则没世不行寻常。古今非水陆与？周、鲁非舟车与？今蕲行周于鲁，是犹推舟于陆也，劳而无功，身必有殃。彼未知夫无方之传，应物而不穷者也。 |
| |
'If you are travelling by water, your best plan is to use a boat; if by land, a carriage. Take a boat, which will go (easily) along on the water, and try to push it along on the land, and all your lifetime it will not go so much as a fathom or two: are not ancient time and the present time like the water and the dry land? and are not Zhou and Lu like the boat and the carriage? To seek now to practise (the old ways of) Zhou in Lu is like pushing along a boat on the dry land. It is only a toilsome labour, and has no success; he who does so is sure to meet with calamity. He has not learned that in handing down the arts (of one time) he is sure to be reduced to extremity in endeavouring to adapt them to the conditions (of another). |
| | |
且子独不见夫桔槔者乎？引之则俯，舍之则仰。彼，人之所引，非引人也，故俯仰而不得罪于人。故夫三皇、五帝之礼义法度，不矜于同而矜于治。故譬三皇、五帝之礼义法度，其犹柤梨橘柚邪！其味相反，而皆可于口。 |
| |
'And have you not seen the working of a shadoof? When (the rope of) it is pulled, it bends down; and when it is let go, it rises up. It is pulled by a man, and does not pull the man; and so, whether it bends down or rises up, it commits no offence against the man. In the same way the rules of propriety, righteousness, laws, and measures of the three Huangs and five Dis derived their excellence, not from their being the same as those of the present day, but from their (aptitude for) government. We may compare them to haws, pears, oranges, and pummeloes, which are different in flavour, but all suitable to be eaten. |
| | |
故礼义法度者，应时而变者也。今取猨狙而衣以周公之服，彼必齕啮挽裂，尽去而后慊。观古今之异，犹猨狙之异乎周公也。故西施病心而矉其里，其里之丑人见而美之，归亦捧心而矉其里。其里之富人见之，坚闭门而不出；贫人见之，挈妻子而去之走。彼知矉美而不知矉之所以美。惜乎！而夫子其穷哉！” |
| |
'Just so it is that the rules of propriety, righteousness, laws, and measures, change according to the time. If now you take a monkey, and dress it in the robes of the duke of Zhou, it will bite and tear them, and will not be satisfied till it has got rid of them altogether. And if you look at the difference between antiquity and the present time it is as great as that between the monkey and the duke of Zhou. In the same way, when Xi Shi was troubled in mind, she would knit her brows and frown on all in her neighbourhood. An ugly woman of the neighbourhood, seeing and admiring her beauty, went home, and also laying her hands on her heart proceeded to stare and frown on all around her. When the rich people of the village saw her, they shut fast their doors and would not go out; when the poor people saw her, they took their wives and children and ran away from her. The woman knew how to admire the frowning beauty, but she did not know how it was that she, though frowning, was beautiful. Alas! it is indeed all over with your Master!' |
