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| Condition 1: References "物物而不物于物" Matched:5. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《道家 - Daoism》 | Related resources |
《庄子 - Zhuangzi》 | [Warring States] 350 BC-250 BC | Books referencing 《庄子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《外篇 - Outer Chapters》 | Library Resources |
《山木 - The Tree on the Mountain》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《山木》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 山木: | 庄子行于山中，见大木，枝叶盛茂，伐木者止其旁而不取也。问其故。曰：“无所可用。”庄子曰：“此木以不材得终其天年。”夫子出于山，舍于故人之家。故人喜，命竖子杀雁而烹之。竖子请曰：“其一能鸣，其一不能鸣，请奚杀？”主人曰：“杀不能鸣者。” |
| The Tree on the...: | Zhuangzi was walking on a mountain, when he saw a great tree with huge branches and luxuriant foliage. A wood-cutter was resting by its side, but he would not touch it, and, when asked the reason, said, that it was of no use for anything, Zhuangzi then said to his disciples, 'This tree, because its wood is good for nothing, will succeed in living out its natural term of years.' Having left the mountain, the Master lodged in the house of an old friend, who was glad to see him, and ordered his waiting-lad to kill a goose and boil it. The lad said, 'One of our geese can cackle, and the other cannot - which of them shall I kill?' The host said, 'Kill the one that cannot cackle.' | |
| 明日，弟子问于庄子曰：“昨日山中之木，以不材得终其天年；今主人之雁，以不材死。先生将何处？”庄子笑曰：“周将处夫材与不材之间。材与不材之间，似之而非也，故未免乎累。若夫乘道德而浮游则不然。无誉无訾，一龙一蛇，与时俱化，而无肯专为；一上一下，以和为量，浮游乎万物之祖；物物而不物于物，则胡可得而累邪！此黄帝、神农之法则也。若夫万物之情，人伦之传，则不然。合则离，成则毁，廉则挫，尊则议，有为则亏，贤则谋，不肖则欺，胡可得而必乎哉？悲夫！弟子志之，其唯道德之乡乎！” | ||
| Next day, his disciples asked Zhuangzi, saying, 'Yesterday the tree on the mountain (you said) would live out its years because of the uselessness of its wood, and now our host's goose has died because of its want of power (to cackle) - which of these conditions, Master, would you prefer to be in?' Zhuangzi laughed and said, '(If I said that) I would prefer to be in a position between being fit to be useful and wanting that fitness, that would seem to be the right position, but it would not be so, for it would not put me beyond being involved in trouble; whereas one who takes his seat on the Dao and its Attributes, and there finds his ease and enjoyment, is not exposed to such a contingency. He is above the reach both of praise and of detraction; now he (mounts aloft) like a dragon, now he (keeps beneath) like a snake; he is transformed with the (changing) character of the time, and is not willing to addict himself to any one thing; now in a high position and now in a low, he is in harmony with all his surroundings; he enjoys himself at ease with the Author of all things; he treats things as things, and is not a thing to them: where is his liability to be involved in trouble? This was the method of Shen Nong and Huang-Di. As to those who occupy themselves with the qualities of things, and with the teaching and practice of the human relations, it is not so with them. Union brings on separation; success, overthrow; sharp corners, the use of the file; honour, critical remarks; active exertion, failure; wisdom, scheming; inferiority, being despised: where is the possibility of unchangeableness in any of these conditions? Remember this, my disciples. Let your abode be here - in the Dao and its Attributes.' |
《文子 - Wenzi》 | [Eastern Han - Jin] 212-231 | Books referencing 《文子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《自然》 | Books referencing 《自然》 Library Resources |
| 12 | 自然: | 老子曰：夫道者，体员而法方，背阴而抱阳，左柔而右刚，履幽而戴明，变化无常，得一之原，以应无方，是谓神明。天员而无端，故不得观，地方而无涯，故莫窥其门，天化遂无形状，地生长无计量。夫物有胜，唯道无胜，所以无胜者，以其无常形势也，轮转无形，象日月之运行，若春秋之代谢，日月之昼夜，终而复始，明而复晦，制形而无形，故功可成，物物而不物，故胜而不屈。庙战者帝，神化者王，庙战者法天道，神化者明四时，修正于境内，而远方怀德，制胜于未战，而诸侯宾服也。古之得道者，静而法天地，动而顺日月，喜怒合四时。号令比雷霆，音气不戾八风，诎伸不获五度。因民之欲，乘民之力，为之去残除害，夫同利者相死，同情者相成，同行者相助，循己而动，天下为斗。故善用兵者，用其自为用，不能用兵者，用其为己用，用其自为用，天下莫不可用，用其为己用，无一人之可用也。 |
《杂家 - Miscellaneous Schools》 | Related resources |
《淮南子 - Huainanzi》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] | Books referencing 《淮南子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《兵略训》 | Books referencing 《兵略训》 Library Resources |
| 5 | 兵略训: | 夫圆者，天也；方者，地也。天圆而无端，故不可得而观；地方而无垠，故莫能窥其门。天化育而无形象，地生长而无计量，浑浑沉沉，孰知其藏。凡物有朕，唯道无朕。所以无朕者，以其无常形势也。轮转而无穷，象日月之运行，若春秋有代谢，若日月有昼夜，终而复始，明而复晦，莫能得其纪。制刑而无刑，故功可成；物物而不物，故胜而不屈。刑，兵之极也，至于无刑，可谓极之矣。是故大兵无创，与鬼神通，五兵不厉，天下莫之敢当。建鼓不出库，诸侯莫不慑㥄沮胆其处。故庙战者帝，神化者王。所谓庙战者，法天道也；神化者，法四时也。修政于境内，而远方慕其德；制胜于未战，而诸侯服其威。内政治也。 |
《吕氏春秋 - Lü Shi Chun Qiu》 | [Warring States] 247 BC-239 BC Lu Bu-wei | Books referencing 《吕氏春秋》 Library Resources Related resources |
《孝行览》 | Books referencing 《孝行览》 Library Resources |
《必己》 | Books referencing 《必己》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 必己: | 庄子行于山中，见木甚美，长大，枝叶盛茂，伐木者止其旁而弗取，问其故，曰：“无所可用。”庄子曰：“此以不材得终其天年矣。”出于山，及邑，舍故人之家。故人喜，具酒肉，令竖子为杀雁飨之。竖子请曰：“其一雁能鸣，一雁不能鸣，请奚杀？”主人之公曰：“杀其不能鸣者。”明日，弟子问于庄子曰：“昔者山中之木以不材得终天年，主人之雁以不材死，先生将何以处？”庄子笑曰：“周将处于材、不材之间。材、不材之间，似之而非也，故未免乎累。若夫道德则不然：无讶无訾，一龙一蛇，与时俱化，而无肯专为；一上一下，以禾为量，而浮游乎万物之祖，物物而不物于物，则胡可得而累？此神农、黄帝之所法。若夫万物之情、人伦之传则不然：成则毁，大则衰，廉则锉，尊则亏，直则骫，合则离，爱则隳，多智则谋，不肖则欺，胡可得而必？” |
《汉代之后 - Post-Han》 |
《宋明 - Song-Ming》 |
《太平御览》 | [Northern Song] 977-984 | Library Resources |
《兵部二》 | Library Resources |
《叙兵下》 | Library Resources |
| 6 | 叙兵下: |
《淮南子》曰：古之用兵者，非利壤土之广，而贪金玉之赂，将以存亡继绝，平天下之乱而除万民之害也。 又曰：凡有血气之虫，含牙戴角，前爪后距。有角者触，有齿者螫，有蹄者趹，喜而相戏，怒而相害，天之性也。人有衣食之情，而物弗能足也，故群相杂处，分不均、求不赡则争，争则强胁弱而勇侵怯。人无筋骨之强、爪牙之利，故割革而为甲，烁铁而为刃。贪昧饕餮之人，残贼天下，万民骚动，莫宁其所。有圣人勃然而起，乃讨强暴，平乱世，夷险除秽，以浊为清，以危为宁也。 又曰：兵之所由来远。黄帝尝与炎帝战矣，炎帝神农氏之末世矣，与黄帝战于阪泉，帝灭之。颛顼尝与共工争矣。共工与颛顼争为帝，触不周山之折也。故黄帝战于涿鹿之野，黄帝与尤战于淫鹿。涿鹿在上谷。尧战于丹水之浦，尧以楚伯受命，灭不义于丹浦。丹浦在南阳。舜伐有苗，有苗，三苗。启攻有扈，禹之子伐有扈于甘，在石扶风鄠县也。自五帝而不能偃也，况衰世也！ 又曰：夫兵者，所以禁暴讨乱也。炎帝为火灾，故黄帝禽之。共工为水害，故颛顼诛之。教之以道、导之以德而不听，则临之以威武。临之以威武不从，则制之以兵革。故圣人之兵也，若栉发耨苗，所去者少，而所利者多也。 又曰：杀无罪之民而养不义之君，害莫大焉；殚天下之财而赡一人之欲，祸莫深焉。所为立君者，以禁暴讨乱也。今集万民之力，而反为残贼，是为虎傅翼，曷为不除也。 又曰：霸王之兵，以论虑之，以策图之，以义扶之，非以亡存也，将以存亡也。 又曰：闻敌国之君有加虐于其民者，则举兵而临其境，责之以不义，刺之以过行。兵至其郊，乃令军帅曰：“无伐树木，无掘坟墓，无爇五谷，爇，烧也。无焚积聚，无捕虏民，无收六畜。无聚所征国民以为采取，无收其六畜以自饶利。乃发号施令曰：某国之君，傲天侮鬼，决狱不辜，杀戮无罪，此天之所诛也，民之所仇也。兵之来也，以废不义而复有德也，有逆天之道、率民为贼者，身死族灭。以家听者禄以家，以里听者赏以里，以乡听者封以乡，以县听者侯以县。克国不及其民，废其君而易其政，尊其秀士而显其贤良，赈其孤寡，恤其贫穷，出其囹圄，赏其有功。百姓开门而待之，淅米而储之，渐，清。惟恐其不来也。此汤、武之所以致王，而齐桓、晋文之所以成霸也。 又曰：君为无道，民之思兵也，若旱而望雨也，渴而求饮，夫谁与交兵接刃乎？故义兵之至也，至于不战而心服也。 又曰：晚世之兵，君虽无道，莫不设渠堑傅堞加守。傅，守也。堞，城上女墙也。攻者非以禁暴除害也，欲以侵地广壤也，故至于伏尸流血，相支以日，而霸王之功不世出者，自为之故也。 又曰：夫为地战者，不能成其王；为身战者，不能立其功。举事以自为者，众去之。众之所助，虽弱必强；众之所去，虽大必亡也。 又曰：兵失道而弱，得道而强；将失道而拙，得道而工；国得道而存，失道而亡。所谓道者，体圆而法方，背阴而抱阳，左柔而右刚，履幽而观旸。地方而无限，故莫能窥其门。天化育而无形象，地生长而无计量，浑浑沉沉，孰知其藏也？ 又曰：凡物有朕，惟道无联；方万物可联也，而道不可联也。所以无联者，以其无常形势也。转轮而无穷，象日月之运行，若春秋有代谢，若日月有昼夜，终而复始，明而复晦，莫能得其纪。制形而无形，故功可成矣。物物而不物，故胜不屈。形，兵之极也；至于无形，可谓之极矣。 又曰：大兵无创，与鬼神通；五兵不厉，天下莫之敢当；建鼓不出库，诸侯莫不慑忄夌沮胆。故庙战者帝，神化者王。所谓庙战者，法天道也；神化者，法四时也。修政于境内，而远方慕其德，制胜于未战，而诸侯服其威也。 又曰：民诚从令，虽少无畏；民不从令，虽众为寡。故下不亲上，下心不用；卒不畏将，其形不战。守有必固，而攻有必胜，不待交兵接刃，而存亡之机固已形矣。 又曰：兵有三势，有二钤。有气势，有地势，有因势。将充勇而轻敌，卒果敢而乐战，三军之众，百万之师，志厉青云，气如飘风，声如雷电，诚积逾而威加敌人，此谓气势。狭路关津，大山名塞，龙蛇蟠，蟠，冤屈也。却笠居，却，偃覆也，笠，登也。羊肠道，羊肠一屈一伸。鱼笱门，竹笱所以捕鱼，其门可入而不得出也。一人守险，而千人不敢过，此谓地势。因其劳倦怠乱饥渴冻暍，推其摇摇，挤其揭揭，此谓因势。善用间谍，间谍，军之反间也。审错规虑，设蔚施伏，草木盛曰蔚。隐遁其形，出于不意，使敌人之兵无所适备，此谓知钤。阵卒正，前行选，进退俱，什伍抟，前后不相蹍，蹍，蹀蹈也。左右不相干，受刃者少，伤敌者众，此谓事钤。钤势必形，吏卒抟精，选良用才，官得其人，计定谋决，明于死生，举错得时，莫不振惊，故攻不待冲隆云梯而城拔，云梯，可依云而立，所以瞰敌之城中也。战不至交兵接刃而敌破，明于必胜之数也。 又曰：夫飞鸟之鸷也俯其首，猛兽之玃也匿其爪，虎豹不外其牙，噬犬不见其齿。故用兵之道，示之以柔而迎之以刚，迎，逆敌家。示之以弱而乘之以强，为之欲歙而应之以张，歙弱张强也。歙，读如胁。将欲西如示之以东也。 又曰：神莫贵于天，势莫便于地，动莫急于时，用莫利于人。知此四者，兵之干植也。然必待道而后行，可一用也。 又曰：古之兵，弓剑而已矣。糟柔无系，修戟无刺。糟，柔木也。无系，无铁刃也。刺，锋也。糟，读如糟。晚世之兵，隆冲以攻，渠憺以守，隆，高也。冲所以临敌城。冲，突坏之。渠，堑也。一曰：渠，甲名。憺忄宪所以御也。连弩以射，销车以斗。车弓驽通一弦，以牛挽之，以刃著左右为机开发。 又曰：古之伐国，不杀黄口，不获二毛，黄口，幼少也。二毛，有白发。于古为义，于今为笑。古之所以为治者，今之所以为乱也。 又曰：夫神农、伏羲，不施赏罚而民不为非，然而位政者不能废法而治民；不能及神农伏羲也。舜执干戚而服有苗，然而征伐者不能释甲兵而制强暴。不能及舜也。由此观之，法度者，所以论民俗而节缓急也。 |
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