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《儒家 - Confucianism》
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《潜夫论 - Qian Fu Lun》

[Eastern Han] 102-167 Wang Fu

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《班禄》

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班禄:

当此之时也，九州之内，合三千里，尔八百国。其班禄也，以上农为正，始于庶人在官者，禄足以代耕，盖食九人。诸侯下士亦然。中士倍下士，食十八人。上士倍中士，食三十六人。大夫倍之，食七十二人。小国之卿，二于大夫。次国之卿，三于大夫。大国之卿，四于大夫，食二百八十八人。君各什其卿。天子三公侯采视公侯，盖方百里。卿采视伯，方七十里。大夫视子男，方五十里。元士视附庸，方三十里。功成者封。是故官政专公，不虑私家；子弟事学，不于财利，闭门自守，不与民交争，而无饥寒之道，而不陷；臣养优而不隘，吏爱官而不贪，民安静而强力，此则太平之基立矣。乃惟慎贡选，明必黜陟，官得其人，人任其职；“钦若昊天，敬授民时”，“同我妇子，饁彼南亩”；上务节礼，正身示下，下悦其政，各乐竭己奉戴其上。是以天地交泰，阴阳和平，民无奸匿，机衡不倾，德气流布而颂声作也。

《史书 - Histories》

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《前汉纪 - Qian Han Ji》

[Eastern Han] 198-200

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[Also known as: 《汉纪》]

《孝文皇帝纪下》

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孝文皇帝... :

荀悦曰。古者什一而税。以为天下之中正也。今汉民或百一而税。可谓鲜矣。然豪强富人。占田逾侈。输其赋太半。官收百一之税。民收太半之赋。官家之惠。优于三代。豪强之暴。酷于亡秦。是上惠不通。威福分于豪强也。今不正其本。而务除租税。适足以资富强。夫土地者。天下之本也。春秋之义。诸侯不得专封。大夫不得专地。今豪民占田。或至数百千顷。富过王侯。是自专封也。买卖由己。是自专地也。孝武时。董仲舒尝言宜限民占田。至哀帝时。乃限民占田。不得过三十顷。虽有其制。卒不得施行。然三十顷有不平矣。且夫井田之制。宜于民众之时。地广民稀。勿为可也。然欲废之于寡。立之于众。土地既富。列在豪强。卒而规之。并有怨心。则生纷乱。制度难行。由是观之。若高帝初定天下。及光武中兴之后。民人稀少。立之易矣。就未悉备。井田之法。宜以口数占田。为立科限。民得耕种。不得买卖。以赡民弱。以防兼并。且为制度张本。不亦宜乎。虽古今异制。损益随时。然纪纲大略。其致一也。本志曰。古者建步立亩。六尺为步。步百为亩。亩百为夫。夫三为屋。屋三为井。井方一里。是为九夫。八家共之。一夫一妇。受私田百亩。公田十亩。是为八百八十亩。馀二十亩。以为庐舍。出入相交。守望相接。疾病相救。民受田。上田夫百亩。中田夫二百亩。下田夫三百亩。岁更之。换易其处。其家众男为馀夫。亦以口受田。如此。士工商家受田。五口乃当农夫一人。有赋有税。税谓公田什一。及工商衡虞之人也。赋谓供车马兵士徒之役也。民年二十受田。六十归田。种谷必杂五种。以备灾害。田中不得有树。以妨五谷。力耕数芸。收获如寇盗之至。还庐种桑。菜茹有畦。瓜瓠果蓏。殖于疆畔。鸡豚狗豕。无失其时。女修蚕织。五十则可以衣帛。七十可以食肉。五家为比。五比为闾。四闾为族。五族为党。五党为州。五州为乡。万二千五百户。比长位下士。自此已上。稍登一级。至乡为卿矣。于是闾有序而乡有庠。序以明教。庠以行礼。而视化焉。春令民毕出于野。其诗云。同我妇子。饁彼南亩。田畯至喜。则冬毕入于邑。其诗云。嗟我父子。曰为改岁。入此室处。春则出。民闾首平旦坐于右垄。比长坐于左垄。毕出而后归。夕亦如之。入者必持薪樵。轻重相分。斑白不提挈。冬则民既入。妇人同巷。夜绩女工。一月得四十五功。必相从者。所以省费烛火。同巧拙而合习俗也。男女有不得其所者。因而相与歌咏。各言其情。是月馀子。以在序室。八岁入小学。学六家四方五行书计之事。十五入大学。学先王礼乐。而知君臣之礼。其秀异者移乡学。学于庠序之异者移于国学。学乎小学。诸侯岁贡小学之异者。移于天子之学。学于太学。命曰造士。然后爵命焉。孟春之月。群后将散。行人振木铎以徇于路。以采诗献之太师。比其音律。以闻于天子。三年耕则馀一年之畜。故三年有成。成此功也。故王者三载考绩。三考黜陟。九年耕。馀三年之食。进业日升。谓之升平。三升曰泰。二十七年。馀九年食。谓之太平。而王业大成。刑措不用。王道兴矣。故语曰。如有王者。必世而后仁。书曰。天秩有礼。天罚有罪。故圣人因天秩而制五礼。因天罚而制五刑。建司马之官。设六军之众。因井田而制军赋。地方一里为井。井十为通。通十为成。成方十里。成十为众。众十为同。同方百里。同十为封。封十为畿。畿方千里。故四井为邑。邑四为丘。丘十六井。有戎马一匹。牛三头。四丘为甸。甸六十四井。有戎马四匹。兵车一乘。牛十二头。甲士三人。步卒七十二人。干戈备具。是谓司马之法。一同百里。堤封万井。除山川坑堑城池邑居园囿街路。三千六百井。定出赋六千四百井。戎马四百匹。兵车百乘。此卿大夫菜地之大者。是谓百乘之家。一封三百六十六里。堤封十万井。定出赋六万四千井。戎马四千匹。兵车千乘。此诸侯之大者。谓之千乘之国。天子畿方千里。堤封百万井。定出赋六十四万井。戎马四万匹。兵车万乘。戎马车徒干戈素具。春振旅以蒐。夏茇舍以苗。秋治兵以獮。冬大阅以狩。皆于农隙以讲事焉。五国为属。属有长。十国为连。连有率。三十国为卒。卒有正。二百一十国为州。州有牧。牧有连。卒比年简车徒。卒正三年简舆徒。群牧五年大简舆徒。此先王制土定业。班民设教。立武足兵之太法也。上过渭桥。有人在桥下。乘舆马惊。捕之属廷尉。释之讯之。曰。远县人也。闻跸匿桥下久。已为行过。即出。见车骑即走耳。释之奏犯跸罚金。上怒曰。此人亲惊吾马。马赖和柔。即令他马固不伤败我乎。释之奏曰。法者天子之所与。天下共之。今如重之。是法不信于民。廷尉天下之平。今一倾。天下用法皆为之轻重。民安措其足乎。上曰善。廷尉当如是也。其后有人盗高庙坐前玉环者。下廷尉。奏当弃市。上大怒曰。此人无道。乃盗先帝器。吾欲置之族矣。释之曰。法如是足矣。而有万一。愚人取长陵一坏土。陛下何以加其法。上乃许之。曰廷尉当如是也。释之以议法公平。甚重于朝廷。尝公卿大会。立庭中。有王生者年老矣。善为黄老言。以处士召见顾谓释之曰。为我结陉。释之跪而结之。既罢。或以责王生。王生曰。吾老矣。且贱。自度终无益于张廷尉。张廷尉方为名臣。故使结陉。欲以重之。

《经典文献 - Ancient Classics》

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《诗经 - Book of Poetry》
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[Western Zhou (1046 BC - 771 BC)] English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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[Also known as: 《诗》, "The Book of Odes"]

《国风 - Lessons from the states》

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《豳风 - Odes Of Bin》

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《七月 - Qi Yue》

English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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1 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	七月:	七月流火、九月授衣。一之日觱发、二之日栗烈。无衣无褐、何以卒岁。三之日于耜、四之日举趾。同我妇子、饁彼南亩、田畯至喜。
	Qi Yue:	In the seventh month, the Fire Star passes the meridian; In the 9th month, clothes are given out. In the days of [our] first month, the wind blows cold; In the days of [our] second, the air is cold; - Without the clothes and garments of hair, How could we get to the end of the year? In the days of [our] third month, they take their ploughs in hand; In the days of [our] fourth, they take their way to the fields. Along with my wife and children, I carry food to them in those south-lying acres. The surveyor of the fields comes, and is glad.

《小雅 - Minor odes of the kingdom》

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《北山之什 - Decade Of Bei Shan》

English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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《甫田 - Fu Tian》

English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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3 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	甫田:	曾孙来止、以其妇子、饁彼南亩、田畯至喜。攘其左右、尝其旨否。禾易长亩、终善且有。曾孙不怒、农夫克敏。
	Fu Tian:	The distant descendant comes, When their wives and children, Are bringing food to those [at work] in the south-lying acres. The surveyor of the fields [also] comes, and is glad. He takes [of the food] on the left and the right, And tastes whether it be good or not. The grain is well cultivated, all the acres over; Good will it be and abundant. The distant descendant has no displacency; The husbandmen are encouraged to diligence.

《大田 - Da Tian》

English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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4 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	大田:	曾孙来止、以其妇子。饁彼南亩、田畯至喜。来方禋祀、以其騂黑。与其黍稷、以享以祀。以介景福。
	Da Tian:	The distant descendant will come, When their wives and children, Are bringing food to those [at work] on the south-lying acres. The surveyor of the fields [also] will come and be glad. They will come and offer pure sacrifices to the Spirits of the four quarters, With their victims red and black, And their preparations of millet: Thus offering, thus sacrificing, Thus increasing our bright happiness.