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| Condition 1: References "以求兴天下之利" Matched:5. |
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《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷三 - Book 3》 | Library Resources |
《尚同中 - Identification with the Superior II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 7 | 尚同中: |
夫既尚同乎天子，而未上同乎天者，则天灾将犹未止也。故当若天降寒热不节，雪霜雨露不时，五谷不孰，六畜不遂，疾灾戾疫、飘风苦雨，荐臻而至者，此天之降罚也，将以罚下人之不尚同乎天者也。故古者圣王，明天鬼之所欲，而避天鬼之所憎，以求兴天下之利，除天下之害。是以率天下之万民，齐戒沐浴，洁为酒醴粢盛，以祭祀天鬼。其事鬼神也，酒醴粢盛不敢不蠲洁，牺牲不敢不腯肥，圭璧币帛不敢不中度量，春秋祭祀不敢失时几，听狱不敢不中，分财不敢不均，居处不敢怠慢。曰其为正长若此，是故 上者天鬼有厚乎其为政长也，下者万民有便利乎其为政长也。天鬼之所深厚而强从事焉，则1 天鬼之福可得也。万民之所便利而能强从事焉，则万民之亲可得也。其为政若此，是以谋事，举事成，入守固，2出诛胜者，何故之以也？曰唯以尚同为政者也。故古者圣王之为政若此。” |
| Identification with the Superior...: |
But to carry the process of identification with the superior up to the Son of Heaven and not further up to Heaven itself -- then the jungle from Heaven is yet unremoved. Thereupon Heaven would send down cold and heat without moderation, and snow, frost, rain, and dew untimely. As a result, the five grains could not ripen and the six animals could not mature; and there would be disease, epidemics, and pestilence. Now the repeated visitations of hurricanes and torrents are just punishments from Heaven - punishments to the people below for not identifying themselves with it. Therefore the sage-kings of old appreciated what Heaven and the spirits desire and avoided what they abominate, in order to increase benefits and to avoid calamities in the world. With purification and baths and clean wine and cakes they led the people to make sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. In such services to the spirits they dared not use wine and cakes that were unclean, sacrificial animals that were not fat, or jade and silk that did not satisfy the standard requirements. The proper time for the spring and autumn sacrifices they dared not miss. Judging lawsuits, they dared not be unjust. Distributing properties, they dared not be unfair. Even when at leisure they dared not be disrespectful. When the sage-kings made such (good) rulers, Heaven and the spirits commended their leadership from above, and the people cherished it from below. To work under the hearty approval of Heaven and the spirits is to obtain their blessings. To work under the appreciation of the people is to obtain their confidence. Administering the government like this, consequently they would succeed in planning, accomplish their ends in executing, be strong in defence and victorious in attack. And the reason for all this lies in their employing the principle of Identification with the Superior in government. And this is how the sage-kings of old administered their government. 1. 上者天鬼有厚乎其为政长也，下者万民有便利乎其为政长也。天鬼之所深厚而强从事焉，则 : Moved here from entry 8. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《卷四 - Book 4》 | Library Resources |
《兼爱下 - Universal Love III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 7 | 兼爱下: | “且不唯《泰誓》为然，虽《禹誓》即亦犹是也。禹曰：‘济济有群，咸听朕言，非惟小子，敢行称乱，蠢兹有苗，用天之罚，若予既率尔群对诸群，以征有苗。’禹之征有苗也，非以求以重富贵、干福禄、乐耳目也，以求兴天下之利，除天下之害。”即此禹兼也。虽子墨子之所谓兼者，于禹求焉。 |
| Universal Love III: | Moreover it is true not only in the "Great Declaration" but also with the "Oath of Yu". Yu said (therein) "Come all you hosts of people, take heed and hearken to my words. It is not that I, a single person, would willingly stir up this confusion. The Prince of Miao is more and more unreasonable, he deserves punishment from Heaven. Therefore I lead you to appoint the lords of the states and go to punish the Prince of Miao." It was not for the sake of increasing his wealth and multiplying his felicitations, and indulging his ears and eyes but for that of procuring benefits for the world and eliminating its annoyances that Yu went to war against the Prince of Miao. This is universal love on the part of Yu, and what Mozi has been talking about is really derived from the example of Yu. |
《卷七 - Book 7》 | Library Resources |
《天志中 - Will of Heaven II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 4 | 天志中: |
且夫天子之有天下也，辟之无以异乎国君诸侯之有四境之内也。今国君诸侯之有四境之内也，夫岂欲其臣国万民之相为不利哉？今若处大国则攻小国，处大家则乱小家，欲以此求赏誉，终不可得，诛罚必至矣。夫天之有天下也，将无已异此。今若处大国 则1攻小国，处大都则伐小都，欲以此求福禄于天，福禄终不得，而祸祟必至矣。然有所不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，则夫天亦且不为人之所欲，而为人之所不欲矣。人之2所不欲者何也？曰病疾 祸3祟也。若已不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，是率天下之万民以从事乎祸祟之中也。故古者圣王明知天鬼之所福，而辟天鬼之所憎，以求兴天下之利，而除天下之害。是以天之为寒热也节，四时调，阴阳雨露也时，五谷孰，六畜遂，疾灾戾疫凶饥则不至。”是故子墨子曰：“今天下之君子，中实将欲遵 道4利民，本察仁义之本，天意不可不慎也！ |
| Will of Heaven II: |
The rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike the rule of the feudal lord over the state. In ruling the state does the feudal lord desire his ministers and people to work for mutual disadvantage? If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses - if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from the feudal lord) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. Now, the rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike this. If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses -- if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from Heaven) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. When (man) does not do what Heaven desires, but does what Heaven abominates, Heaven will also not do what man desires but do what he abominates. What man abominates are disease and calamities. Therefore not to do what Heaven desires but do what it abominates is to lead the multitudes in the world to calamity. Therefore the ancient sage-kings studied what Heaven and the spirits would bless and avoided what they would curse in order to procure benefits for the world and avoid calamities. Thereupon, Heaven made heat and cold temperate, the four seasons harmonious, the Yin and Yang and rain and dew timely. The five grains are enabled to ripen and the six animals to mature. And disease, pestilence, and famine did not happen. Therefore Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the Dao and benefit the people they must be mindful of the principle that the will of Heaven is the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. 1. 则 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《卷八 - Book 8》 | Library Resources |
《非乐上 - Condemnation of Music I》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 2 | 非乐上: | 今王公大人，虽无造为乐器，以为事乎国家，非直掊潦水折壤坦而为之也，将必厚措敛乎万民，以为大锺、鸣鼓、琴瑟、竽笙之声。古者圣王亦尝厚措敛乎万民，以为舟车，既以成矣，曰：‘吾将恶许用之？曰：舟用之水，车用之陆，君子息其足焉，小人休其肩背焉。’故万民出财赍而予之，不敢以为戚恨者，何也？以其反中民之利也。然则乐器反中民之利亦若此，即我弗敢非也。然则当用乐器譬之若圣王之为舟车也，即我弗敢非也。民有三患：饥者不得食，寒者不得衣，劳者不得息，三者民之巨患也。然即当为之撞巨锺、击鸣鼓、弹琴瑟、吹竽笙而扬干戚，民衣食之财将安可得乎？即我以为未必然也。意舍此。今有大国即攻小国，有大家即伐小家，强劫弱，众暴寡，诈欺愚，贵傲贱，寇乱盗贼并兴，不可禁止也。然即当为之撞巨锺、击鸣鼓、弹琴瑟、吹竽笙而扬干戚，天下之乱也，将安可得而治与？即我未必然也。”是故子墨子曰：“姑尝厚措敛乎万民，以为大锺、鸣鼓、琴瑟、竽笙之声，以求兴天下之利，除天下之害而无补也。”是故子墨子曰：“为乐，非也。” |
| Condemnation of Music I:...: | Now the rulers construct musical instruments as an undertaking of the state. They cannot be produced as easily as by evaporating water or digging into the earth. Inevitably heavy taxes have to be collected from the people to obtain sounds of the big bell, the sounding drum, the qin and the se, and the yu and the sheng. The ancient sage-kings had, indeed, collected heavy taxes from the people to build boats and vehicles. But when they were completed, and when the people asked: "What use have we for these?" the answer was: "The boats are to be employed on water and the vehicles on land, so that the gentlemen can rest their feet and the labourers can rest their shoulders and backs." Thus the people contributed their money and dared not grumble about it. This was because the boats and vehicles contributed to the benefit of the people. If the musical instruments also contribute to the benefit of the people, even I shall not dare condemn them. Thus if the musical instruments are as useful as the boats and carts with the sage-kings, even I shall not dare condemn them. There are three things that the people worry about, namely, that the hungry cannot be fed, that the cold cannot be clothed, and that the tired cannot get rest. These three are the great worries of the people. Now suppose we strike the big bell, beat the sounding drum, play the qin and the se, and blow the yu and the sheng, can the material for food and clothing then be procured for the people? Even I do not think this is possible. Again, every large state now attacks small states and every large house molests small houses. The strong plunder the weak, the many oppress the few, the clever deceive the stupid and the honoured disdain the humble. And bandits and thieves rise all together and cannot be suppressed. But can the chaos in the world be put in order by striking the big bell, beating the sounding drum, playing the qin and the se, and blowing the yu and the sheng? Even I do not think it is possible. Therefore Mozi said : The levy of heavy taxes on the people to construct the big bell, the sounding drum, the qin and the se, and the yu and the sheng, is not at all helpful in the endeavour to procure the benefits of the world and destroy its calamities. Therefore Mozi said: To have music is wrong. |
《汉代之后 - Post-Han》 |
《隋唐 - Sui-Tang》 |
《群书治要》 | [Tang] 631 | Library Resources |
《卷四十九》 | Library Resources |
《傅子》 | Library Resources |
| 8 | 傅子: | 昔者，圣人之崇仁也。将以兴天下之利也。利或不兴，须仁以济，天下有不得其所，若己推而委之于沟壑，然夫仁者盖推己以及人也。故己所不欲，无施于人，推己所欲以及天下，推己心孝于父母以及天下，则天下之为人子者，不失其事亲之道矣。推己心有乐于妻子以及天下，则天下之为人父者不失其室家之欢矣。推己之不忍于饥寒以及天下之心，含生无冻喂之忧矣。此三者，非难见之理，非难行之事，唯不内推其心以恕乎人，未之思耳，夫何远之有哉。古之仁人，推所好以训天下，而民莫不尚德，推所恶以诫天下，而民莫不知耻。孔子曰：仁远乎哉。我欲仁，斯仁至矣。此之谓也。若子方惠及于老马，西巴不忍而放麑，皆仁之端也。推而广之，可以及乎远矣。 |
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