| | 山木: |
市南宜僚见鲁侯，鲁侯有忧色。市南子曰：“君有忧色，何也？”鲁侯曰：“吾学先王之道，修先君之业，吾敬鬼尊贤，亲而行之，无须臾离居，然不免于患，吾是以忧。” |
| The Tree on the...: |
Yi-liao, an officer of Shi-nan, having an interview with the marquis of Lu, found him looking sad, and asked him why he was so. The marquis said, 'I have studied the ways of the former kings, and cultivated the inheritance left me by my predecessors. I reverence the spirits of the departed and honour the men of worth, doing this with personal devotion, and without the slightest intermission. Notwithstanding, I do not avoid meeting with calamity, and this it is which makes me sad.' |
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市南子曰：“君之除患之术浅矣。夫丰狐文豹，栖于山林，伏于岩穴，静也；夜行昼居，戒也；虽饥渴隐约，犹旦胥疏于江湖之上而求食焉，定也。然且不免于罔罗机辟之患，是何罪之有哉？其皮为之灾也。今鲁国独非君之皮邪？吾愿君刳形去皮，洒心去欲，而游于无人之野。南越有邑焉，名为建德之国。其民愚而朴，少私而寡欲；知作而不知藏，与而不求其报；不知义之所适，不知礼之所将；猖狂妄行，乃蹈乎大方；其生可乐，其死可葬。吾愿君去国捐俗，与道相辅而行。” |
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The officer said, 'The arts by which you try to remove calamity are shallow. Think of the close-furred fox and of the elegantly-spotted leopard. They lodge in the forests on the hills, and lurk in their holes among the rocks - keeping still. At night they go about, and during day remain in their lairs - so cautious are they. Even if they are suffering from hunger, thirst, and other distresses, they still keep aloof from men, seeking their food about the Jiang and the Hu - so resolute are they. Still they are not able to escape the danger of the net or the trap; and what fault is it of theirs? It is their skins which occasion them the calamity. And is not the state of Lu your lordship's skin? I wish your lordship to rip your skin from your body, to cleanse your heart, to put away your desires, and to enjoy yourself where you will be without the presence of any one. In the southern state of Yue, there is a district called "the State of Established Virtue." The people are ignorant and simple; their object is to minimise the thought of self and make their desires few; they labour but do not lay up their gains; they give but do not seek for any return; they do not know what righteousness is required of them in any particular case, nor by what ceremonies their performances should be signalised; acting in a wild and eccentric way as if they were mad, they yet keep to the grand rules of conduct. Their birth is an occasion for joy; their death is followed by the rites of burial. I should wish your lordship to leave your state; to give up your ordinary ways, and to proceed to that country by the directest course.' |
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君曰：“彼其道远而险，又有江山，我无舟车，奈何？”市南子曰：“君无形倨，无留居，以为舟车。” |
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The ruler said, 'The way to it is distant and difficult; there are rivers and hills; and as I have neither boat nor carriage, how am I to go?' The officer from Shi-nan rejoined, 'If your lordship abjure your personal state, and give up your wish to remain here, that will serve you for a carriage.' |
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君曰：“彼其道幽远而无人，吾谁与为邻？吾无粮，我无食，安得而至焉？”市南子曰：“少君之费，寡君之欲，虽无粮而乃足。君其涉于江而浮于海，望之而不见其崖，愈往而不知其所穷。送君者皆自崖而反，君自此远矣。故有人者累，见有于人者忧。故尧非有人，非见有于人也。吾愿去君之累，除君之忧，而独与道游于大莫之国。方舟而济于河，有虚船来触舟，虽有惼心之人不怒；有一人在其上，则呼张歙之；一呼而不闻，再呼而不闻，于是三呼邪，则必以恶声随之。向也不怒而今也怒，向也虚而今也实。人能虚己以游世，其孰能害之！” |
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The ruler rejoined, 'The way to it is solitary and distant, and there are no people on it - whom shall I have as my companions? I have no provisions prepared, and how shall I get food? How shall I be able to get (to the country)?' The officer said, 'Minimise your lordship's expenditure, and make your wants few, and though you have no provisions prepared, you will find you have enough. Wade through the rivers and float along on the sea, where however you look, you see not the shore, and, the farther you go, you do not see where your journey is to end - those who escorted you to the shore will return, and after that you will feel yourself far away. Thus it is that he who owns men (as their ruler) is involved in troubles, and he who is owned by men (as their ruler) suffers from sadness; and hence Yao would neither own men, nor be owned by them. I wish to remove your trouble, and take away your sadness, and it is only (to be done by inducing you) to enjoy yourself with the Dao in the land of Great Vacuity. If a man is crossing a river in a boat, and another empty vessel comes into collision with it, even though he be a man of a choleric temper, he will not be angry with it. If there be a person, however, in that boat, he will bawl out to him to haul out of the way. If his shout be not heard, he will repeat it; and if the other do not then hear, he will call out a third time, following up the shout with abusive terms. Formerly he was not angry, but now he is; formerly (he thought) the boat was empty, but now there is a person in it. If a man can empty himself of himself, during his time in the world, who can harm him?' |
