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| Condition 1: References "除天下之同害" Matched:18. |
| Total 18 paragraphs. Page 1 of 2. Jump to page 1 2 |
《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《荀子 - Xunzi》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《荀子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《正论》 | Books referencing 《正论》 Library Resources |
| 5 | 正论: | 古者天子千官，诸侯百官。以是千官也，令行于诸夏之国，谓之王。以是百官也，令行于境内，国虽不安，不至于废易遂亡，谓之君。圣王之子也，有天下之后也，埶籍之所在也，天下之宗室也，然而不材不中，内则百姓疾之，外则诸侯叛之，近者境内不一，遥者诸侯不听，令不行于境内，甚者诸侯侵削之，攻伐之。若是，则虽未亡，吾谓之无天下矣。圣王没，有埶籍者罢不足以县天下，天下无君；诸侯有能德明威积，海内之民莫不愿得以为君师；然而暴国独侈，安能诛之，必不伤害无罪之民，诛暴国之君，若诛独夫。若是，则可谓能用天下矣。能用天下之谓王。汤武非取天下也，修其道，行其义，兴天下之同利，除天下之同害，而天下归之也。桀纣非去天下也，反禹汤之德，乱礼义之分，禽兽之行，积其凶，全其恶，而天下去之也。天下归之之谓王，天下去之之谓亡。故桀纣无天下，汤武不弑君，由此效之也。汤武者，民之父母也；桀纣者、民之怨贼也。今世俗之为说者，以桀纣为君，而以汤武为弑，然则是诛民之父母，而师民之怨贼也，不祥莫大焉。以天下之合为君，则天下未尝合于桀纣也。然则以汤武为弑，则天下未尝有说也，直堕之耳。 |
《新序 - Xin Xu》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《新序》 Library Resources |
《善谋下》 | Library Resources |
| 18 | 善谋下: | 大行曰：“不然。夫明于形者，分则不过于事；察于动者，用则不失于利；审于静者，恬则免于患。高帝被坚执锐，以除天下之害，蒙矢石，沾风雨，行几十年，伏尸满泽，积首若山，死者什七，存者什三，行者垂泣而倪于兵。夫以天下末力，厌事之民，而蒙匈奴饱佚，其势不便。故结和亲之约者，所以休天下之民。高皇帝明于形而以分事，通于动静之时。盖五帝不相同乐，三王不相袭礼者，非政相反也，各因世之宜也。教与时变，备与敌化，守一而不易，不足以子民。今匈奴纵意日久矣，侵盗无已，系虏人民，戍卒死伤，中国道路，槥车相望，此仁人之所哀也。臣故曰击之便。”御史大夫曰：“不然，臣闻之，利不什不易业，功不百不变常，是故古之人君，谋事必就圣，发政必择语，重作事也。自三代之盛，远方夷狄，不与正朔服色，非威不能制，非强不能服也，以为远方绝域，不牧之民，不足以烦中国也。且匈奴者，轻疾悍前之兵也，畜牧为业，弧弓射猎，逐兽随草，居处无常，难得而制也。至不及图，去不可追；来若风雨，解若收电，今使边郡久废耕织之业，以支匈奴常事，其势不权。臣故曰勿击为便。” |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷三 - Book 3》 | Library Resources |
《尚同中 - Identification with the Superior II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 7 | 尚同中: |
夫既尚同乎天子，而未上同乎天者，则天灾将犹未止也。故当若天降寒热不节，雪霜雨露不时，五谷不孰，六畜不遂，疾灾戾疫、飘风苦雨，荐臻而至者，此天之降罚也，将以罚下人之不尚同乎天者也。故古者圣王，明天鬼之所欲，而避天鬼之所憎，以求兴天下之利，除天下之害。是以率天下之万民，齐戒沐浴，洁为酒醴粢盛，以祭祀天鬼。其事鬼神也，酒醴粢盛不敢不蠲洁，牺牲不敢不腯肥，圭璧币帛不敢不中度量，春秋祭祀不敢失时几，听狱不敢不中，分财不敢不均，居处不敢怠慢。曰其为正长若此，是故 天鬼之福可得也。万民之所便利而能强从事焉，则万民之亲可得也。其为政若此，是以谋事，举事成，入守固，1 上者天鬼有厚乎其为政长也，下者万民有便利乎其为政长也。天鬼之所深厚而强从事焉，则2出诛胜者，何故之以也？曰唯以尚同为政者也。故古者圣王之为政若此。” |
| Identification with the Superior...: |
But to carry the process of identification with the superior up to the Son of Heaven and not further up to Heaven itself -- then the jungle from Heaven is yet unremoved. Thereupon Heaven would send down cold and heat without moderation, and snow, frost, rain, and dew untimely. As a result, the five grains could not ripen and the six animals could not mature; and there would be disease, epidemics, and pestilence. Now the repeated visitations of hurricanes and torrents are just punishments from Heaven - punishments to the people below for not identifying themselves with it. Therefore the sage-kings of old appreciated what Heaven and the spirits desire and avoided what they abominate, in order to increase benefits and to avoid calamities in the world. With purification and baths and clean wine and cakes they led the people to make sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. In such services to the spirits they dared not use wine and cakes that were unclean, sacrificial animals that were not fat, or jade and silk that did not satisfy the standard requirements. The proper time for the spring and autumn sacrifices they dared not miss. Judging lawsuits, they dared not be unjust. Distributing properties, they dared not be unfair. Even when at leisure they dared not be disrespectful. When the sage-kings made such (good) rulers, Heaven and the spirits commended their leadership from above, and the people cherished it from below. To work under the hearty approval of Heaven and the spirits is to obtain their blessings. To work under the appreciation of the people is to obtain their confidence. Administering the government like this, consequently they would succeed in planning, accomplish their ends in executing, be strong in defence and victorious in attack. And the reason for all this lies in their employing the principle of Identification with the Superior in government. And this is how the sage-kings of old administered their government. 1. 天鬼之福可得也。万民之所便利而能强从事焉，则万民之亲可得也。其为政若此，是以谋事，举事成，入守固， : Moved here from entry 8. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《卷四 - Book 4》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
《兼爱中 - Universal Love II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 1 | 兼爱中: | 子墨子言曰：“仁人之所以为事者，必兴天下之利，除去天下之害，以此为事者也。”然则天下之利何也？天下之害何也？子墨子言曰：“今若国之与国之相攻，家之与家之相篡，人之与人之相贼，君臣不惠忠，父子不慈孝，兄弟不和调，此则天下之害也。” |
| Universal Love II: | Mozi said: The purpose of the magnanimous is to be found in procuring benefits for the world and eliminating its calamities. But what are the benefits of the world and what its calamities? Mozi said: Mutual attacks among states, mutual usurpation among houses, mutual injuries among individuals; the lack of grace and loyalty between ruler and ruled, the lack of affection and filial piety between father and son, the lack of harmony between elder and younger brothers - these are the major calamities in the world. |
《兼爱下 - Universal Love III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 1 | 兼爱下: |
子墨子言曰：“仁人之事者，必务求兴天下之利，除天下之害。”然当今之时，天下之害孰为大？曰：“若大国之攻小国也，大家之乱小家也，强之劫弱，众之暴寡，诈之谋愚，贵之敖贱，此天下之害也。又与为人君者之不惠也，臣者之不忠也，父者之不慈也，子者之不孝也，此又天下之害也。又与今人之贱人，执其兵刃、毒药、水、火，以交相亏贼，此又天下之害也。”姑尝本原若众害之所自 生1，此胡自生？此自爱人利人生与？即必曰非然也，必曰从恶人贼人生。分名乎天下恶人而贼人者，兼与？别与？即必 曰2别也。然即之交别者，果生天下之大害者与？是故别非也。” |
| Universal Love III: |
Mozi said: The purpose of the magnanimous lies in procuring benefits for the world and eliminating its calamities. Now among all the current calamities, which are the most important? The attack on the small states by the large ones, disturbances of the small houses by the large ones, oppression of the weak by the strong, misuse of the few by the many, deception of the simple by the cunning, disdain towards the humble by the honoured - these are the misfortunes in the empire. Again, the lack of grace on the part of the ruler, the lack of loyalty on the part of the minIster, the lack of affection on the part of the father, the lack of filial piety on the part of the son - these are further calamities in the empire. Also, the mutual injury and harm which the unscrupulous do to one another with weapons, poison, water, and fire is still another calamity in the empire. When we come to think about the cause of all these calamities, how have they arisen? Have they arisen out of love of others and benefiting others? Of course we should say no. We should say they have arisen out of hate of others and injuring others. If we should classify one by one all those who hate others and injure others, should we find them to be universal in love or partial? Of course we should say they are partial. Now, since partiality against one another is the cause of the major calamities in the empire, then partiality is wrong. 1. 生 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 | |
| 2 | 兼爱下: | 子墨子曰：“非人者必有以易之，若非人而无以易之，譬之犹以水救火也，其说将必无可焉。”是故子墨子曰：“兼以易别。然即兼之可以易别之故何也？曰：藉为人之国，若为其国，夫谁独举其国以攻人之国者哉？为彼者由为己也。为人之都，若为其都，夫谁独举其都以伐人之都者哉？为彼犹为己也。为人之家，若为其家，夫谁独举其家以乱人之家者哉？为彼犹为己也，然即国、都不相攻伐，人家不相乱贼，此天下之害与？天下之利与？即必曰天下之利也。姑尝本原若众利之所自生，此胡自生？此自恶人贼人生与？即必曰非然也，必曰从爱人利人生。分名乎天下爱人而利人者，别与？兼与？即必曰兼也。然即之交兼者，果生天下之大利者与。”是故子墨子曰：“兼是也。且乡吾本言曰：‘仁人之事者，必务求兴天下之利，除天下之害。’今吾本原兼之所生，天下之大利者也；吾本原别之所生，天下之大害者也。”是故子墨子曰：“别非而兼是者，出乎若方也。 |
| Universal Love III: | Mozi continued: Whoever criticizes others must have something to replace them. Criticism without suggestion is like trying to stop flood with flood and put out fire with fire. It will surely be without worth. Mozi said: Partiality is to be replaced by universality. But how is it that partiality can be replaced by universality? Now, when every one regards the states of others as he regards his own, who would attack the others' states? Others are regarded like self. When every one regards the capitals of others as he regards his own, who would seize the others' capitals? Others are regarded like self. When every one regards the houses of others as he regards his own, who would disturb the others' houses? Others are regarded like self. Now, when the states and cities do not attack and seize each other and when the clans and individuals do not disturb and harm one another -- is this a calamity or a benefit to the world? Of course it is a benefit. When we come to think about the several benefits in regard to their cause, how have they arisen? Have they arisen out of hate of others and injuring others? Of course we should say no. We should say they have arisen out of love of others and benefiting others. If we should classify one by one all those who love others and benefit others, should we find them to be partial or universal? Of course we should say they are universal. Now, since universal love is the cause of the major benefits in the world, therefore Mozi proclaims universal love is right. And, as has already been said, the interest of the magnanimous lies in procuring benefits for the world and eliminating its calamities. Now that we have found out the consequences of universal love to be the major benefits of the world and the consequences of partiality to be the major calamities in the world; this is the reason why Mozi said partiality is wrong and universality is right. | |
| 7 | 兼爱下: | “且不唯《泰誓》为然，虽《禹誓》即亦犹是也。禹曰：‘济济有群，咸听朕言，非惟小子，敢行称乱，蠢兹有苗，用天之罚，若予既率尔群对诸群，以征有苗。’禹之征有苗也，非以求以重富贵、干福禄、乐耳目也，以求兴天下之利，除天下之害。”即此禹兼也。虽子墨子之所谓兼者，于禹求焉。 |
| Universal Love III: | Moreover it is true not only in the "Great Declaration" but also with the "Oath of Yu". Yu said (therein) "Come all you hosts of people, take heed and hearken to my words. It is not that I, a single person, would willingly stir up this confusion. The Prince of Miao is more and more unreasonable, he deserves punishment from Heaven. Therefore I lead you to appoint the lords of the states and go to punish the Prince of Miao." It was not for the sake of increasing his wealth and multiplying his felicitations, and indulging his ears and eyes but for that of procuring benefits for the world and eliminating its annoyances that Yu went to war against the Prince of Miao. This is universal love on the part of Yu, and what Mozi has been talking about is really derived from the example of Yu. |
《卷五 - Book 5》 | Library Resources |
《非攻下 - Condemnation of Offensive War III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 6 | 非攻下: | 则夫好攻伐之君又饰其说曰：“我非以金玉、子女、壤地为不足也，我欲以义名立于天下，以德求诸侯也。”子墨子曰：“今若有能以义名立于天下，以德求诸侯者，天下之服可立而待也。夫天下处攻伐久矣，譬若傅子之为马然。今若有能信效先利天下诸侯者，大国之不义也，则同忧之；大国之攻小国也，则同救之；小国城郭之不全也，必使修之；布粟之绝，则委之；币帛不足，则共之。以此效大国，则小国之君说，人劳我逸，则我甲兵强。宽以惠，缓易急，民必移。易攻伐以治我国，攻必倍。量我师举之费，以争诸侯之毙，则必可得而序利焉。督以正，义其名，必务宽吾众，信吾师，以此授诸侯之师，则天下无敌矣。其为下不可胜数也。此天下之利，而王公大人不知而用，则此可谓不知利天下之巨务矣。”是故子墨子曰：“今且天下之王公大人士居子，中情将欲求兴天下之利，除天下之害，当若繁为攻伐，此实天下之巨害也。今欲为仁义，求为上士，尚欲中圣王之道，下欲中国家百姓之利，故当若非攻之为说，而将不可不察者此也。” |
| Condemnation of Offensive War...: | The warring lords would again gloss over (their conduct) with arguments, saying: "(I wage war) not because I am still discontented with my gold and jade, my children and my land. I want to have my name as a righteous ruler established in the world and draw the other feudal lords to me with my virtue." Mozi said: If there were some one who would establish his righteous name for justice in the world and draw the feudal lords to him with his virtue, the submission of the whole world to him could be awaited while standing. For the world has long been in turmoil and war, and it is weary like the boy at playing horse. If only there were some one who would first benefit the other feudal lords in mutual good faith! When some large state acts unrighteously, he would join in the sorrow; when some large state attacks some smaller one he would join in the rescue; when the outer and the inner walls of the city of the small state are in ruin he would demand their repair; when cloth and grains are exhausted he would supply them; when money and silk are insufficient he would share his own - to befriend the large state in this way, the large state will be pleased, to befriend the small state in this way, the small state will be pleased. With the others tired out and one's self at ease, one's armour and weapon would be stronger. When with kindness and mercy we help the people in their need, the people will be drawn over. When good government is substituted for aggressive war, the country will be benefited many fold. When the expense of the army is limited and the evils of the feudal lords removed, then we shall enjoy prosperity. Let the control (of the army) be judicious and the cause be righteous. Be lenient to the people and place confidence in the army - with this to meet the forces of the feudal lords, there can be no equal in the world. And the benefits to the world will be innumerable. This is what wiII benefit the world, yet the rulers do not understand making use of it: such may be said to be ignorance of the great thing in the world. Therefore Mozi said: Now if the rulers and the gentlemen of the world sincerely desire to procure benefits and avert calamities for the world - if they desire to do righteousness and be superior men, if they desire to strike the way of the sage-kings on the one hand and bless the people on the other - if so, the doctrine of Condemnation of Offensive War should not be left unheeded. |
《卷六 - Book 6》 | Library Resources |
《节葬下 - Simplicity in Funerals III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 4 | 节葬下: | 且故兴天下之利，除天下之害，令国家百姓之不治也，自古及今，未尝之有也。何以知其然也？今天下之士君子，将犹多皆疑惑厚葬久丧之为中是非利害也。”故子墨子言曰：“然则姑尝稽之，今虽毋法执厚葬久丧者言，以为事乎国家。此存乎王公大人有丧者，曰棺椁必重，葬埋必厚，衣衾必多，文绣必繁，丘陇必巨；存乎匹夫贱人死者，殆竭家室；乎诸侯死者，虚车府，然后金玉珠玑比乎身，纶组节约，车马藏乎圹，又必多为屋幕。鼎鼓几梴壶滥，戈剑羽旄齿革，挟而埋之，满意。若送从，曰天子杀殉，众者数百，寡者数十。将军大夫杀殉，众者数十，寡者数人。处丧之法将柰何哉？曰哭泣不秩声翁，縗绖垂涕，处倚庐，寝苫枕块，又相率强不食而为饥，薄衣而为寒，使面目陷陬，颜色黧黑耳目不聪明，手足不劲强，不可用也。又曰上士之操丧也，必扶而能起，杖而能行，以此共三年。若法若言，行若道使王公大人行此，则必不能蚤朝，五官六府，辟草木，实仓廪。使农夫行此。则必不能蚤出夜入，耕稼树艺。使百工行此，则必不能修舟车为器皿矣。使妇人行此，则必不能夙兴夜寐，纺绩织紝。细计厚葬。为多埋赋之财者也。计久丧，为久禁从事者也。财以成者，扶而埋之；后得生者，而久禁之，以此求富，此譬犹禁耕而求获也，富之说无可得焉。 |
| Simplicity in Funerals III:...: | It has never happened, from ancient times to the present day, that benefits are procured, calamities averted for the world, and disorder among the people of the country is regulated by elaborate funerals and extended mourning. How do we know? For even at the present the gentlemen of the world are still doubtful whether elaborate funeral and extended mourning are right and beneficial. Mozi said: I have examined the sayings of those who uphold elaborate funeral and extended mourning. If they should be taken seriously in the country, it would mean: when a lord dies, there would be several inner and outer coffins. He would be buried deep. There would be many shrouds. Embroidery would be elaborate. The grave mound would be massive. So, then, the death of a common man would exhaust the wealth of a family. And the death of a feudal lord would empty the state treasury before his body would be surrounded with gold, jade, and pearls, and the grave filled with carts and horses and bundles of silk. Further, there should be plenty of canopies and hangings, dings, drums, tables, pots, and ice receptacles, spears, swords, feather banners, and hides all to be carried along and buried. Not till then are the requirements considered fulfilled. And, regarding those who were to die to accompany their lord, for the emperor or a feudal lord there should be from several hundred to several tens, and for a minister or secretary there should be from several tens to several. What are the rules to be observed by the mourner? He must weep without restraint and sound as if he is choking. Sackcloth is worn on the breast and hat of flax on the head. His tears and snivel are not to be wiped away. The mourner is to live in a mourning hut, sleep on a coarse mat of straw, and lay his head on a lump of earth. Then, he would be obliged to abstain from food in order to look hungry, and to wear little in order to look cold. The face and eyes are to look sunken and as if in fear, and the complexion is to appear dark. Ears and eyes are to become dull, and hands and feet to become weak and unusable. And, also, if the mourner is a high official, he has to be supported to rise, and lean on a cane to walk. And all this is to last three years. Adopting such a doctrine and practising such a principle rulers cannot come to court early (and retire late); the officials cannot attend to the five offices and six posts and encourage farming and forestry and fill the granaries; the farmers cannot start out early and come in late to cultivate the land and plant trees; the artisans cannot build boats and vehicles and make vessels and utensils; and the women cannot rise early and retire late to weave and spin. So, then, in elaborate funerals much wealth is buried, and in extended mourning abstention from work is prolonged. Wealth already produced is carried away into the grave. Child-bearing is postponed. To seek wealth in this way is like seeking a harvest by prohibiting farming. The way to wealth then is not here found. |
《卷七 - Book 7》 | Library Resources |
《天志中 - Will of Heaven II》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 4 | 天志中: |
且夫天子之有天下也，辟之无以异乎国君诸侯之有四境之内也。今国君诸侯之有四境之内也，夫岂欲其臣国万民之相为不利哉？今若处大国则攻小国，处大家则乱小家，欲以此求赏誉，终不可得，诛罚必至矣。夫天之有天下也，将无已异此。今若处大国 则1攻小国，处大都则伐小都，欲以此求福禄于天，福禄终不得，而祸祟必至矣。然有所不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，则夫天亦且不为人之所欲，而为人之所不欲矣。人之2所不欲者何也？曰病疾 祸3祟也。若已不为天之所欲，而为天之所不欲，是率天下之万民以从事乎祸祟之中也。故古者圣王明知天鬼之所福，而辟天鬼之所憎，以求兴天下之利，而除天下之害。是以天之为寒热也节，四时调，阴阳雨露也时，五谷孰，六畜遂，疾灾戾疫凶饥则不至。”是故子墨子曰：“今天下之君子，中实将欲遵 道4利民，本察仁义之本，天意不可不慎也！ |
| Will of Heaven II: |
The rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike the rule of the feudal lord over the state. In ruling the state does the feudal lord desire his ministers and people to work for mutual disadvantage? If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses - if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from the feudal lord) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. Now, the rule of Heaven over the world is not unlike this. If leading a large state one attacks small states, if leading a large house one molests small houses -- if by doing this one seeks reward and commendation (from Heaven) he cannot obtain it. On the contrary, punishment will visit him. When (man) does not do what Heaven desires, but does what Heaven abominates, Heaven will also not do what man desires but do what he abominates. What man abominates are disease and calamities. Therefore not to do what Heaven desires but do what it abominates is to lead the multitudes in the world to calamity. Therefore the ancient sage-kings studied what Heaven and the spirits would bless and avoided what they would curse in order to procure benefits for the world and avoid calamities. Thereupon, Heaven made heat and cold temperate, the four seasons harmonious, the Yin and Yang and rain and dew timely. The five grains are enabled to ripen and the six animals to mature. And disease, pestilence, and famine did not happen. Therefore Mozi said: If the gentlemen of the world really desire to follow the Dao and benefit the people they must be mindful of the principle that the will of Heaven is the origin of magnanimity and righteousness. 1. 则 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
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