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| Condition 1: References "九有以亡" Matched:4. |
| Total 4 paragraphs. Page 1 of 1. |
《先秦两汉 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《墨家 - Mohism》 | Related resources |
《墨子 - Mozi》 | [Spring and Autumn - Warring States] 490 BC-221 BC English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Books referencing 《墨子》 Library Resources Introduction Source Related resources |
《卷八 - Book 8》 | Library Resources |
《非乐上 - Condemnation of Music I》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 7 | 非乐上: | 何以知其然也？曰先王之书，汤之官刑有之曰：“其恒舞于宫，是谓巫风。其刑君子出丝二卫，小人否，似二伯黄径。”乃言曰：‘呜乎！舞佯佯，黄言孔章，上帝弗常，九有以亡，上帝不顺，降之百1𦍙，其家必怀丧。’察九有之所以亡者，徒从饰乐也。于武观曰：‘启乃淫溢康乐，野于饮食，将将铭苋磬以力，湛浊于酒，渝食于野，万舞翼翼，章闻于大，天用弗式。’故上者天鬼弗戒，下者万民弗利。” |
| Condemnation of Music I:...: |
How do we know it is so? It is found in the "Code of Punishment of Tang" among the books of the ancient kings. This proclaims: "To have constant dancing in the palace is called the witch's pleasure." As to its punishment, a gentleman will be fined six hundred and forty pieces of silk, a common man will be let go free. Again, "Ah! How much is the dancing. His word is all known. God does not bless him, therefore the nine districts are lost to him. God does not favour him, therefore He visited him with various curses. His family must be destroyed too." Now the reason that the nine districts are lost to him (Jie of Xia) lies in his attention to embellishing music. Quoting Wu Guan: "Ch'i thereupon abandoned himself to lust and music. He drank and ate in improper places. Ding ding, dong dong went the wood winds and percussion instruments in harmony. He indulged in drinking and ate in improper places. Brilliantly went on the dancing. It reached the hearing of Heaven, and Heaven was not pleased." So, it was not pleasing to Heaven above and not beneficial to the people below. 1. 百 : Originally read: "日". Corrected by 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《卷九 - Book 9》 | Library Resources |
《非命下 - Anti-Fatalism III》 | English translation: W. P. Mei [?] | Library Resources |
| 3 | 非命下: |
昔者暴王作之，穷 人1术之，此皆疑众迟朴，先圣王之患之也，固在前矣。是以书之竹帛，镂之金石，琢之盘盂，传遗后世子孙。曰何书焉存？禹之总德有之曰：‘允不著，惟天民不而葆，既防凶心，天加之咎，不慎厥德，天命焉葆’？仲虺之告曰：‘我闻有夏，人矫天命，于下，帝式是增，用爽厥师。’彼用无为有，故谓矫，若有而谓有，夫岂为矫哉！昔者，桀执有命而行，汤为仲虺之告以非之。太誓之言也，于去发曰：‘恶乎君子！天有显德，其行甚章，为鉴不远，在彼殷王。谓人有命，谓敬不可行，谓祭无益，谓暴无伤，上帝不常，九有以亡，上帝不顺，祝降其丧，惟我有周，受之大帝。’昔者纣执有命而行，武王为太誓、去发以非之。曰：子胡不尚考之乎商周虞夏之记，从十简之篇以尚，皆无之，将何若者也？” |
| Anti-Fatalism III: |
The ancient wicked kings originated it and the miserable people practised it. It was shaking the convictions of the multitudes and converting the stupid. And this was already of great concern to the ancient sage-kings. They put it down on the bamboos and silk and cut it in metal and stone and engraved it on dishes and cups to be handed down to their descendants. In what books are they embodied? "Zong De" of Yu says: "When promises are not fulfilled even a subject of Heaven will not be protected. When one has touched the evil star, Heaven will visit him with its curse. When one is not careful about one's conduct, how can fate of Heaven protect him?" "The Announcement of Zhong Hui" says: "I have heard that the man of Xia issued orders, pretending them to be fate of Heaven. God was displeased and destroyed his armies." He made use of what did not exist as if it had existed, and therefore it was called pretension. If he declared to be existent what really existed, how would this be pretension? In ancient times, Jie believed in fate and acted accordingly. Tang here showed it to be wrong through "The Announcement of Zhong Hui." "The Great Declaration " says: "Therefore the Prince Regent Fa said: 'Ah, my lords, Heaven blesses the virtuous. Its way is clear. Example need not be sought far. It is in the King of Yin. He claimed each man had his own fate, worship should not be practised, sacrifices were of no avail, and wickedness could do no harm. God withdrew his blessing and the nine districts are lost to him. God is not pleased and is visiting him with ruin. Hence it is that our Zhou (the dynasty, the empire) is given by the Great God.'" That is, Zhou believed in fate and acted accordingly. King Wu refuted him in "The Great Declaration." So, why not examine the records of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou, and see that all of them held there is no fate? How would you account for this? 1. 人 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》 |
《经典文献 - Ancient Classics》 | Related resources |
《尚书 - Shang Shu》 | [Spring and Autumn (772 BC - 476 BC)] | Books referencing 《尚书》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《商书 - Shang Shu》 | Books referencing 《商书》 Library Resources |
《咸有一德 - Common Possession of Pure Virtue》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《咸有一德》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 咸有一德: | 伊尹既复政厥辟，将告归，乃陈戒于德。曰：“呜呼！天难谌，命靡常。常厥德，保厥位。厥德匪常，九有以亡。夏王弗克庸德，慢神虐民。皇天弗保，监于万方，启迪有命，眷求一德，俾作神主。惟尹躬暨汤，咸有一德，克享天心，受天明命，以有九有之师，爰革夏正。非天私我有商，惟天佑于一德；非商求于下民，惟民归于一德。德惟一，动罔不吉；德二三，动罔不凶。惟吉凶不僭在人，惟天降灾祥在德。今嗣王新服厥命，惟新厥德。终始惟一，时乃日新。任官惟贤材，左右惟其人。臣为上为德，为下为民。其难其慎，惟和惟一。德无常师，主善为师。善无常主，协于克一。俾万姓咸曰：‘大哉王言。’又曰：‘一哉王心’。克绥先王之禄，永砥烝民之生。呜呼！七世之庙，可以观德。万夫之长，可以观政。后非民罔使；民非后罔事。无自广以狭人，匹夫匹妇，不获自尽，民主罔与成厥功。” |
| Common Possession of Pure...: |
Yi Yin, having returned the government into the hands of his sovereign, and being about to announce his retirement, set forth admonitions on the subject of virtue. He said, 'Oh! it is difficult to rely on Heaven;--its appointments are not constant. (But if the sovereign see to it that) his virtue be constant, he will preserve his throne; if his virtue be not constant, the nine provinces will be lost by him. The king of Xia could not maintain the virtue (of his ancestors) unchanged, but contemned the spirits and oppressed the. people. Great Heaven no (longer) extended its protection to him. It looked out among the myriad regions to give its guidance to one who should receive its favouring appointment, fondly seeking (a possessor of) pure virtue; whom it might make lord of all the spirits. Then there were I, Yin, and Tang, both possessed of pure virtue, and able to satisfy the mind of Heaven. He received (in consequence) the bright favour of Heaven, so as to become possessor of the multitudes of the nine provinces, and proceeded to change Xia's commencement of the year. It was not that Heaven had any private partiality for the lord of Shang; it simply gave its favour to pure virtue. It was not that Shang sought (the allegiance of) the lower people; the people simply turned to pure virtue. Where (the sovereign's) virtue is pure, his enterprizes are all fortunate; where his virtue is wavering and uncertain, his enterprizes are all unfortunate. Good and evil do not wrongly befal men, but Heaven sends down misery or happiness according to their conduct.' 'Now, O young king, you are newly entering on your (great) appointment, you should be seeking to make new your virtue. At last, as at first, have this as your one object, so shall you make a daily renovation. Let the officers whom you employ be men of virtue and ability, and let the ministers about you be the right men. The minister, in relation to (his sovereign) above him, has to promote his virtue, and, in relation to the (people) beneath him, has to seek their good. How hard must it be (to find the proper man)! what careful attention must be required! (Thereafter) there must be harmony (cultivated with him), and a oneness (of confidence placed in him). There is no invariable model of virtue; a supreme regard to what is good gives the model of it. There is no invariable characteristic of what is good that is to be supremely regarded; it is found where there is a conformity to the uniform consciousness (in regard to what is good). (Such virtue) will make the people with their myriad surnames all say, How great are the words of the king!" and also, "How single and pure is the king's heart!" It will avail to maintain in tranquillity the rich possession of the former king, and to Secure for ever the (happy) life of the multitudes of the people.' 'Oh! (to retain a place) in the seven-shrined temple of ancestors is a sufficient witness of virtue. To be acknowledged as chief by the myriad heads of families is a sufficient evidence of one's government. The sovereign without the people has none whom he can employ; and the people without the sovereign have none whom they can serve. Do not think yourself so large as to deem others small. If ordinary men and women do not find the opportunity to give full development to their ability, the people's lord will be without the proper aids to complete his merit.' |
《汉代之后 - Post-Han》 |
《隋唐 - Sui-Tang》 |
《群书治要》 | [Tang] 631 | Library Resources |
《卷二》 | Library Resources |
《尚书》 | Library Resources |
| 59 | 尚书: | 伊尹既复政厥辟，还政太甲。将告归，乃陈戒于德，告老归邑，陈德以戒。曰：乌宓，天难忱，命靡常，以其无常，故难信也。常厥德，保厥位，厥德匪常，九有以亡。人能常其德，则安其位，九有，诸侯也。 |
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