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《儒家 - Confucianism》
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《孟子 - Mengzi》

[Warring States] 340 BC-250 BC

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[Also known as: "The Works of Mencius"]

《萬章下 - Wan Zhang II》
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11 Jump to dictionary Show commentary Show additional information	萬章下:	北宮錡問曰：「周室班爵祿也，如之何？」
	Wan Zhang II:	Bei Gong Qi asked Mencius, saying, 'What was the arrangement of dignities and emoluments determined by the House of Zhou?'
Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information		孟子曰：「其詳不可得聞也。諸侯惡其害己也，而皆去其籍。然而軻也，嘗聞其略也。天子一位，公一位，侯一位，伯一位，子、男同一位，凡五等也。君一位，卿一位，大夫一位，上士一位，中士一位，下士一位，凡六等。
		Mencius replied, 'The particulars of that arrangement cannot be learned, for the princes, disliking them as injurious to themselves, have all made away with the records of them. Still I have learned the general outline of them. The Son of Heaven constituted one dignity; the Gong one; the Hou one; the Bai one; and the Zi and the Nan each one of equal rank - altogether making five degrees of rank. The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether making six degrees of dignity.
Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information		「天子之制，地方千里，公侯皆方百里，伯七十里，子、男五十里，凡四等。不能五十里，不達於天子，附於諸侯，曰附庸。天子之卿受地視侯，大夫受地視伯，元士受地視子、男。
		'To the Son of Heaven there was allotted a territory of a thousand li square. A Gong and a Hou had each a hundred li square. A Bai had seventy li, and a Zi and a Nan had each fifty li. The assignments altogether were of four amounts. Where the territory did not amount to fifty li, the chief could not have access himself to the Son of Heaven. His land was attached to some Hou-ship, and was called a Fu Yong. The Chief ministers of the Son of Heaven received an amount of territory equal to that of a Hou; a Great officer received as much as a Bai; and a scholar of the first class as much as a Zi or a Nan.
Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages Show additional information		「大國地方百里，君十卿祿，卿祿四大夫，大夫倍上士，上士倍中士，中士倍下士，下士與庶人在官者同祿，祿足以代其耕也。次國地方七十里，君十卿祿，卿祿三大夫，大夫倍上士，上士倍中士，中士倍下士，下士與庶人在官者同祿，祿足以代其耕也。小國地方五十里，君十卿祿，卿祿二大夫，大夫倍上士，上士倍中士，中士倍下士，下士與庶人在官者同祿，祿足以代其耕也。耕者之所獲，一夫百畝。百畝之糞，上農夫食九人，上次食八人，中食七人，中次食六人，下食五人。庶人在官者，其祿以是為差。」
		'In a great State, where the territory was a hundred li square, the ruler had ten times as much income as his Chief ministers; a Chief minister four times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. In a State of the next order, where the territory was seventy li square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister three times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. In a small State, where the territory was fifty li square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister had twice as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the highest class; a scholar of the highest class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had the same emolument - as much, namely, as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. As to those who tilled the fields, each husbandman received a hundred mu. When those mu were manured, the best husbandmen of the highest class supported nine individuals, and those ranking next to them supported eight. The best husbandmen of the second class supported seven individuals, and those ranking next to them supported six; while husbandmen of the lowest class only supported five. The salaries of the common people who were employed about the government offices were regulated according to these differences.'

《禮記 - Liji》

[Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)]

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[Also known as: 《小戴禮記》, "The Classic of Rites"]

《王制 - Wang Zhi》

English translation: James Legge ^[?]

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[Also known as: "Royal Regulations"]

3 Jump to dictionary Show parallel passages	王制:	制：農田百畝。百畝之分：上農夫食九人，其次食八人，其次食七人，其次食六人；下農夫食五人。庶人在官者，其祿以是為差也。
	Wang Zhi:	According to the regulations, the fields of the husbandmen were in portions of a hundred acres. According to the different qualities of those acres, when they were of the highest quality, a farmer supported nine individuals; where they were of the next, eight; and so on, seven, six, and five. The pay of the common people, who were employed in government offices, was regulated in harmony with these distinctions among the husbandmen.

《春秋繁露 - Chun Qiu Fan Lu》
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[Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Dong Zhong Shu

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《爵國》

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爵國:

《春秋》曰：「」又曰：「公會齊侯、宋公、鄭伯、許男、滕子。」又曰：「初獻六羽。」《傳》曰：「天子三公稱公，王者之後稱公，其余大國稱侯，小國稱伯、子、男。」凡五等。故周爵五等，士三品，文多而實少。《春秋》三等，合伯、子、男為一爵，《春秋》曰：「」《傳》曰：「氏不若人，人不若名，名不若字。」凡四等，命曰附庸，三代共之。然則其地列奈何？曰：天子邦圻千裡，公侯百裡，伯七十裡，子男五十裡，附庸字者方三十裡，名者方二十裡，人氏者方十五裡。《春秋》曰：「」《傳》曰：「天子三公。」「祭伯來」，《傳》曰：「天子大夫。」「宰渠伯糾」，《傳》曰：「下大夫。」「石尚」，《傳》曰：「天子之士也。」「王人」，《傳》曰：「微者，謂下士也。」凡五等。《春秋》曰：「」《傳》曰：「何以書？譏。何譏爾？古者上卿、下卿、上士、下士。」凡四等。小國之大夫與次國下卿同，次國大夫與大國下卿同，大國下大夫與天子下士同。二十四等，祿八差。有大功德者受大爵士，功德小者受小爵士，大材者執大官位，小材者受小官位，如其能，宣治之至也。故萬人者曰英，千人者曰俊，百人者曰杰，十人者曰豪。豪杰俊英不相陵，故治天下如視諸掌上。其數何法以然？曰：天子分左右五等，三百六十三人，法天一歲之數。五時色之象也。通佐十上卿與下卿而二百二十人，天庭之象也。倍諸侯之數也。諸侯之外佐四等，百二十人，法四時六甲之數也。通佐五，而六十人，法日辰之數也。佐之必三三而相複，何？曰：時三月而成大，辰三而成象。諸侯之爵或五何？法天地之數也。五官亦然。然則立置有司，分指數柰何？曰：「諸侯大國四軍，古之制也。其一軍以奉公家也。凡口軍三者何？曰：大國十六萬口而立口軍三。何以言之？曰：以井田準數之。方裡而一井，一井而九百畝而立口。方裡八家，一家百畝，以食五口。上農夫耕百畝，食九口，次八人，次七人，次六人，次五人。多寡相補，率百畝而三口，方裡而二十四口。方裡者十，得二百四十口。方十裡為方裡者百。得二千四百口。方百裡為方裡者萬，得二十四萬口。法三分而除其一。城池、郭邑、屋室、閭巷、街路市、官府、園囿、萎、台沼、椽采，得良田方十裡者六十六，與方裡六十六，定率得十六萬口。三分之，則各五萬三千三百三十三口，為大口軍三。此公侯也。天子地方千裡，為方百裡者百。亦三分除其一，定得田方百裡者六十六，與方十裡者六十六，定率得千六百萬口。九分之，各得百七十七萬七千七百七十七口，為京口軍九。三京口軍以奉王家。故天子立一後，一世夫人，中左右夫人，四姬，三良人。立一世子，三公，九卿，二十七大夫，八十一元士，二百四十三下士。有七上卿，二十一下卿，六十三元士，百二十九下士。王後置一太傅、太母，三伯，三丞。世夫人，四姬，三良人，各有師傅。世子一人，太傅，三傅，三率，三少。士入仕宿衛天子者比下士，下士者如上士之下數。王後御衛者，上下御各五人。世夫人、中左右夫人、四姬，上下御各五人。三良人，各五人。世子幻妃姬及士衛者，如公侯之制。王後傅，上下史五人；三伯，上下史各五人；少伯，史各五人。世子太傅，上下史各五人；少傅，亦各五人；三率、三下率，亦各五人。三公，上下史各五人；卿，上下史各五人；大夫，上下史各五人；元士，上下史各五人；上下卿、上下士之史，上下亦各五人。卿大夫、元士，臣各三人。故公侯方百裡，三分除其一，定得田方十裡者六十六，與方裡六十六，定率得十六萬口。三分之，為大國口軍三，而立大國。一夫人，一世婦，左右婦，三姬，二良人。立一世子，三卿，九大夫，二十七上士，八十一下士，亦有五通大夫，立上下士。上卿位比天子之元士，今八百石。下卿六百石，上士四百石，下士三百石。夫人一傅母，三伯，三丞。世婦，左右婦，三姬，二良人，各有師保。世子一上傅、丞。士宿衛公者，比公者，比上卿者有三人，下卿六人，比上下士者如上下之數。夫人衛御者，上下御各五人；世婦、左右婦，上下御各五人；二卿，御各五人；世子上傅，上下史各五人；丞，史各五人；三卿、九大夫，上士史各五人，下士史各五人；通大夫、士，上下史各五人；卿，臣二人。此公侯之制也。公侯賢者為州方伯，錫斧鉞，置虎賁百人。故伯七十裡，七七四十九，三分除其一，定得田方十裡者二十八，與方十裡者六十六，定率得十萬九千二百一十二口，為次國口軍三，而立次國。一夫人，世婦，左右婦，三良人，二孺子。妝世子，三卿，九大夫，二十七上士，八士下士，與五通大夫，五上士，十五下士。其上卿，位比大國之下卿，今六百石；下卿四百石，上士三百石，下士二百石。夫人一傅母，三伯，三丞。世婦，左右婦，三良人，二御人，各有帥保。世子一上下傅。士宿衛公者，比上卿者三人，下卿六人，比上下士如上下之數。夫人御衛者，上下御各五人。世婦、左右婦，上下御各五人；二御，各五人；世子上傅，上下史各五人，丞、史各五人；三卿、九大夫上下史各五人，下士史各五人；通大夫，上下史各五人；卿，臣二人。故子男方五十裡，五五二十五，為方十裡者六十六，定率得發口，為小國口軍三，而立小國。夫人，世婦，左右婦，三良人，二孺子。立一世子，三卿，九大夫，二十七上士，八十一下士，與五通大夫，五上士，十五下士。其上卿比次國之下卿，今四百石。下卿三百石，上士二百石，下士百石。夫人一傅母，三伯，三丞。世婦，左右婦，三良人，一御人，各有師保。世子一上下傅。士宿衛公者，比上卿者三人，下卿六人。夫人御衛者，上下御各五人；世婦，左右婦，上下御卿六人。夫人御衛者，上下御各五人；世婦，左右婦，上下御各五人；二御人，各五人；世子上傅，上下史各五人；三卿、九大夫，上下史各五人；士，各五人；通大夫，上下史亦各五人；卿，臣二人。此周制也。《春秋》合伯子男為一等，故附庸字者地方三十裡，三三而九，三分而除其一，定得田方十裡者六，定率得一萬四千四百口，為口師三，而立一宗婦、二妾、一世子，宰歪、士一，秩士五人。宰視子男下卿，今三百石。宗婦有師保，御者三人，妾各二人，世子一傅。士宿衛君者，比上卿，下卿一人，上下各如其數。世子傅，上下史各五人。稱名善者，地方半字君之地。三分除其一，定得田方十裡者三，定率得七千二百口。一世子宰，今二百石。下四半三半二十五。三分除其一，定得田方十裡者一，與方裡者五，定率得三千六百口。一世子宰，今百石，史五人，宗婦仕衛世子臣。

《白虎通德論 - Bai Hu Tong》

[Eastern Han] 79-92 Ban Gu

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[Also known as: 《白虎通義》, 《白虎通》]

《卷三》

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《京師》

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京師:

《》曰：「天子三公之田視公侯，卿視伯，大夫視子、男士視附庸。」上農夫食九人，其次食八人，其次食七人，其次食六人；下農夫食五人，庶人在官者，以是為差也。諸侯之下士，視上農夫，祿足以代其耕也；中士倍下士，上士倍中士，下大夫倍上士，卿四大夫祿，君十卿祿；次國之卿三大夫祿，君十卿祿；小國之卿倍上大夫祿，君十卿祿。天子之縣，內有百里之國九，七十里之國二十一，五十里之國六十三，凡九十三國。名山大澤不以封，其餘以祿士，以為閒田。