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| Condition 1: References "邇臣不可不慎也" Matched:18. |
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《先秦兩漢 - Pre-Qin and Han》 | Related resources |
《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《禮記 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《禮記》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《緇衣 - Zi Yi》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《緇衣》 Library Resources |
| 14 | 緇衣: | 子曰：「大臣不親，百姓不寧，則忠敬不足，而富貴已過也；大臣不治而邇臣比矣。故大臣不可不敬也，是民之表也；邇臣不可不慎也，是民之道也。君毋以小謀大，毋以遠言近，毋以內圖外，則大臣不怨，邇臣不疾，而遠臣不蔽矣。葉公之顧命曰：『毋以小謀敗大作，毋以嬖御人疾莊后，毋以嬖御士疾莊士、大夫、卿士。』」 |
| Zi Yi: | The Master said, 'When the great ministers are not on terms of friendly intimacy (with the ruler), and the common people consequently are not restful, this is because the loyalty (of the ministers) and the respect (of the ruler) are not sufficient, and the riches and rank conferred (on the former) are excessive. (The consequence is, that) the great ministers do not discharge their functions of government, and the ministers closer (to the ruler) form parties against them. Therefore the great ministers should by all means be treated with respect; they are examples to the people; and ministers nearer (to the ruler) should by all means be careful - they direct the way of the people. Let not the ruler consult with inferior officers about greater, nor with those who are from a distance about those who are near to him, nor with those who are beyond the court about those who belong to it. If he act thus, the great ministers will not be dissatisfied; the ministers closer to him will not be indignant; and those who are more remote will not be kept in obscurity. The duke of She in his dying charge said, "Do not by little counsels ruin great enterprises; do not for the sake of a favourite concubine provoke queen Zhuang; do not for the sake of a favourite officer provoke your grave officers - the Great officers or high ministers."' | |
| 16 | 緇衣: | 子曰：「小人溺於水，君子溺於口，大人溺於民，皆在其所褻也。夫水近於人而溺人，德易狎而難親也，易以溺人；口費而煩，易出難悔，易以溺人；夫民閉於人，而有鄙心，可敬不可慢，易以溺人。故君子不可以不慎也。《太甲》曰：『毋越厥命以自覆也；若虞機張，往省括于厥度則釋。』《兌命》曰：『惟口起羞，惟甲胄起兵，惟衣裳在笥，惟干戈省厥躬。』《太甲》曰：『天作孽，可違也；自作孽，不可以逭。』《尹吉》曰：『惟尹躬天，見於西邑；夏自周有終，相亦惟終。』」 |
| Zi Yi: | The Master said, 'A small man is drowned in the water; a superior man is drowned or ruined by his mouth; the great man suffers his ruin from the people - all suffer from what they have played and taken liberties with. Water is near to men, and yet it drowns them. Its nature makes it easy to play with, but dangerous to approach - men are easily drowned in it. The mouth is loquacious and troublesome; for words once uttered there is hardly a place of repentance - men are easily ruined by it. The people, restricted in their humanity, have vulgar and rude minds; they should be respected, and should not be treated with contempt - men are easily ruined by them. Therefore the superior man should by all means be careful in his dealings with them. It is said in the Tai Jia (Shu, III, v, sect. 1, 5, 7), "Do not frustrate the charge to me, and bring on yourself your own overthrow. Be like the forester, who, when he has adjusted the string, goes to examine the end of the arrow, whether it be placed according to rule, and then lets go." It is said in the Charge to Yue (III, viii, Sect. 2, 4), "It is the mouth which gives occasion to shame; they are the coat of mail and helmet which give occasion to war. The upper robes and lower garments (for reward) should not be taken (lightly from) their chests; before spear and shield are used, one should examine himself." It is said in the Tai Jia (Shu, III, v, sect. 2, 3), "Calamities sent by Heaven may be avoided; but from those brought on by one's self there is no escape." It is said in the Announcement of Yin (Shu, III, v, sect. 1, 3), "I have seen it myself in Xia with its western capital, that when its sovereigns went through a prosperous course to the end, their ministers also did the same."' |
《大學 - Da Xue》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《大學》 Library Resources |
| 12 | 大學: | 所謂平天下在治其國者：上老老而民興孝，上長長而民興弟，上恤孤而民不倍，是以君子有絜矩之道也。所惡於上，毋以使下；所惡於下，毋以事上；所惡於前，毋以先後；所惡於後，毋以從前；所惡於右，毋以交於左；所惡於左，毋以交於右。此之謂絜矩之道。《詩》云：「樂只君子，民之父母。」民之所好好之，民之所惡惡之，此之謂民之父母。《詩》云：「節彼南山，維石巖巖。赫赫師尹，民具爾瞻。」有國者不可以不慎，辟則為天下戮矣。 |
| Da Xue: | What is meant by "The making the whole kingdom peaceful and happy depends on the government of his state," this: When the sovereign behaves to his aged, as the aged should be behaved to, the people become filial; when the sovereign behaves to his elders, as the elders should be behaved to, the people learn brotherly submission; when the sovereign treats compassionately the young and helpless, the people do the same. Thus the ruler has a principle with which, as with a measuring square, he may regulate his conduct. What a man dislikes in his superiors, let him not display in the treatment of his inferiors; what he dislikes in inferiors, let him not display in the service of his superiors; what he hates in those who are before him, let him not therewith precede those who are behind him; what he hates in those who are behind him, let him not bestow on the left; what he hates to receive on the left, let him not bestow on the right:-this is what is called "The principle with which, as with a measuring square, to regulate one's conduct." In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "How much to be rejoiced in are these princes, the parents of the people!" When a prince loves what the people love, and hates what the people hate, then is he what is called the parent of the people. In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Lofty is that southern hill, with its rugged masses of rocks! Greatly distinguished are you, O grand-teacher Yin, the people all look up to you. "Rulers of states may not neglect to be careful. If they deviate to a mean selfishness, they will be a disgrace in the kingdom. |
《說苑 - Shuo Yuan》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《說苑》 Library Resources |
《君道》 | Books referencing 《君道》 Library Resources |
| 37 | 君道: | 晏子沒十有七年，景公飲諸大夫酒，公射出質，堂上唱善，若出一口，公作色太息，播弓矢。弦章入，公曰：「章，自吾失晏子，於今十有七年，未嘗聞吾過不善，今射出質而唱善者，若出一口。」弦章對曰：「此諸臣之不肖也，知不足知君之善，勇不足以犯君之顏色。然而有一焉，臣聞之：君好之，則臣服之；君嗜之，則臣食之。夫尺蠖食黃，則其身黃，食蒼則其身蒼；君其猶有陷人言乎？」公曰：「善！今日之言，章為君，我為臣。」是時海人入魚，公以五十乘賜弦章歸，魚乘塞塗，撫其御之手，曰：「曩之唱善者，皆欲若魚者也。」昔者晏子辭賞以正君，故過失不掩，今諸臣諂諛以干利，故出質而唱善如出一口，今所輔於君，未見眾而受若魚，是反晏子之義而順諂諛之欲也，固辭魚不受。君子曰：弦章之廉，乃晏子之遺訓也。夫天之生人也，蓋非以為君也；天之立君也，蓋非以為位也。夫為人君行其私欲而不顧其人，是不承天意忘其位之所以宜事也，如此者，春秋不予能君而夷狄之，鄭伯惡一人而兼棄其師，故有夷狄不君之辭，人主不以此自省，惟既以失實，心奚因知之，故曰：有國者不可以不學春秋，此之謂也。 |
《建本》 | Books referencing 《建本》 Library Resources |
| 15 | 建本: | 公扈子曰：有國者不可以不學，春秋，生而尊者驕，生而富者傲，生而富貴，又無鑑而自得者鮮矣。春秋，國之鑑也，春秋之中，弒君三十六，亡國五十二，諸侯奔走不得保社稷者甚眾，未有不先見而後從之者也。 |
《尊賢》 | Books referencing 《尊賢》 Library Resources |
| 2 | 尊賢: | 春秋之時，天子微弱，諸侯力政，皆叛不朝；眾暴寡，強劫弱，南夷與北狄交侵，中國之不絕若線。桓公於是用管仲、鮑叔、隰朋、賓胥無、甯戚，三存亡國，一繼絕世，救中國，攘戎狄，卒脅荊蠻，以尊周室，霸諸侯。晉文公用咎犯、先軫、陽處父，強中國，敗強楚，合諸侯，朝天子，以顯周室。楚莊王用孫叔敖、司馬子反、將軍子重，征陳從鄭，敗強晉，無敵於天下。秦穆公用百里子、蹇叔子、王子廖及由余，據有雍州，攘敗西戎。吳用延州萊季子，并翼州，揚威於雞父。鄭僖公富有千乘之國，貴為諸侯，治義不順人心，而取弒於臣者，不先得賢也。至簡公用子產、裨諶、世叔、行人子羽，賊臣除，正臣進，去強楚，合中國，國家安寧，二十餘年，無強楚之患。故虞有宮之奇，晉獻公為之終夜不寐；楚有子玉得臣，文公為之側席而坐，遠乎賢者之厭難折衝也。夫宋襄公不用公子目夷之言，大辱於楚；曹不用僖負羈之諫，敗死於戎。故共惟五始之要，治亂之端，在乎審己而任賢也。國家之任賢而吉，任不肖而凶，案往世而視己事，其必然也，如合符，此為人君者，不可以不慎也。國家惛亂而良臣見，魯國大亂，季友之賢見，僖公即位而任季子，魯國安寧，外內無憂，行政二十一年，季子之卒後，邾擊其南，齊伐其北，魯不勝其患，將乞師於楚以取全耳，故傳曰：患之起必自此始也。公子買不可使戍衛，公子遂不聽君命而擅之晉，內侵於臣下，外困於兵亂，弱之患也。僖公之性，非前二十一年常賢，而後乃漸變為不肖也，此季子存之所益，亡之所損也。夫得賢失賢，其損益之驗如此，而人主忽於所用，甚可疾痛也。夫智不足以見賢，無可奈何矣，若智能見之，而強不能決，猶豫不用，而大者死亡，小者亂傾，此甚可悲哀也。以宋殤公不知孔父之賢乎，安知孔父死，己必死，趨而救之，趨而救之者，是知其賢也。以魯莊公不知季子之賢乎，安知疾將死，召季子而授之國政，授之國政者，是知其賢也。此二君知能見賢而皆不能用，故宋殤公以殺死，魯莊公以賊嗣，使宋殤蚤任孔父，魯莊素用季子，乃將靖鄰國，而況自存乎！ |
《敬慎》 | Library Resources |
| 12 | 敬慎: | 石讎曰：「春秋有忽然而足以亡者，國君不可以不慎也！妃妾不一，足以亡；公族不親，足以亡；大臣不任，足以亡；國爵不用，足以亡；親佞近讒，足以亡；舉百事不時，足以亡；使民不節，足以亡；刑罰不中，足以亡；內失眾心，足以亡；外嫚大國，足以亡。」 |
| 29 | 敬慎: | 修身正行，不可以不慎：嗜欲使行虧，讒諛亂正心，眾口使意回，憂患生於所忽，禍起於細微，汙辱難湔灑，敗事不可後追，不深念遠慮，後悔當幾何？夫徼幸者，伐性之斧也；嗜欲者，逐禍之馬也；謾諛者，窮辱之舍也；取虐於人者，趨禍之路也，故曰去徼幸，務忠信，節嗜欲，無取虐於人，則稱為君子，名聲常存。怨生於不報，禍生於多福，安危存於自處，不困在於蚤豫，存亡在於得人，慎終如始，乃能長久。能行此五者，可以全身，己所不欲，勿施於人，是謂要道也。 |
《春秋繁露 - Chun Qiu Fan Lu》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Dong Zhong Shu | Books referencing 《春秋繁露》 Library Resources Related resources |
《俞序》 | Books referencing 《俞序》 Library Resources |
| 1 | 俞序: | 仲尼之作春秋也，上探正天端，王公之位，萬物民之所欲，下明得失，起賢才，以待後聖。故引史記，理往事，正是非，見王公。史記十二公之間，皆衰世之事，故門人惑。孔子曰：「吾因其行事而加乎王心焉。」以為見之空言，不如行事博深切明。故子貢、閔子、公肩子，言其切而為國家資也。其為切而至於殺君亡國，奔走不得保社稷，其所以然，是皆不明於道，不覽於《春秋》也。故衛子夏言，有國家者不可不學《春秋》，不學《春秋》，則無以見前後旁側之危，則不知國之大柄，君之重任也。故或脅窮失國，搶殺於位，一朝至爾。苟能述《春秋》之法，致行其道，豈徒除禍哉，乃堯舜之德也。故世子曰：「功及子孫，光輝百世，聖人之德，莫美於恕。」故予先言《春秋》詳己而異人，《春秋》之道，大得之則以王，小得之則以霸。故曾子、子石盛美齊侯，安諸侯，尊天子。霸王之道，皆本於仁。仁，天心，故次以天心。愛人之大者，莫大於思患而豫防之，故蔡得意於吳，魯得意於齊，而《春秋》皆不告，故次以言怨人不可邇，敵國不可狎，攘竊之國不可使久親，皆防患為民除患之意也。不愛民之漸乃至於死亡，故言楚靈王晉厲公生弒於位，不仁之所致也。故善宋襄公不厄人，不由其道而勝，不如由其道而敗，《春秋》貴之，將以變習俗而成王化也。故子夏言《春秋》重人，諸譏皆本此。或奢侈使人憤怨，或暴虐賊害人，終皆禍及身。故子池言魯莊築台，丹楹刻桷，晉厲之刑刻意者，皆不得以壽終。上奢侈，刑又急，皆不內恕，求備於人，故次以《春秋》緣人情，赦小過，而《傳》明之曰：「君子辭也。」孔子明得失，見成敗，疾時世之不仁，失王道之體，故緣人情，赦小過，《傳》又明之曰：「君子辭也。」孔子曰：「吾因行事，加吾王心焉。」假其位號以正人倫，因其成敗以明順逆，故其所善，則桓文行之而遂，其所惡，則亂國行之終以敗，故始言大惡殺君亡國，終言赦小過，是亦始於麤粗，終於精微，教化流行，德澤大洽，天下之人，人有士君子之行而少過矣，亦譏二名之意也。 |
《法家 - Legalism》 | Related resources |
《管子 - Guanzi》 | [Warring States - Han (475 BC - 220)] | Books referencing 《管子》 Library Resources Related resources |
《樞言 - Shu Yan》 | Books referencing 《樞言》 Library Resources |
| 3 | 樞言: | 人主不可以不慎貴，不可以不慎民，不可以不慎富，慎貴在舉賢，慎民在置官，慎富在務地。故人主之卑尊輕重，在此三者，不可不慎。國有寶有器有用，城郭險阻蓄藏，寶也。聖智，器也。珠玉，末用也。先王重其寶器，而輕其末用。故能為天下生而不死者二，立而不立者四。喜也者、怒也者、惡也者、欲也者、天下之敗也。而賢者寶之，為善者非善也故善無以為也，故先王貴善。王主積于民，霸主積于將戰士，衰主積于貴人，亡主積于婦女珠玉，故先王慎其所積。 |
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