| | 告子下: |
孟子曰：「五霸者，三王之罪人也；今之諸侯，五霸之罪人也；今之大夫，今之諸侯之罪人也。天子適諸侯曰巡狩，諸侯朝於天子曰述職。春省耕而補不足，秋省斂而助不給。入其疆，土地辟，田野治，養老尊賢，俊傑在位，則有慶，慶以地。入其疆，土地荒蕪，遺老失賢，掊克在位，則有讓。一不朝，則貶其爵；再不朝，則削其地；三不朝，則六師移之。是故天子討而不伐，諸侯伐而不討。五霸者，摟諸侯以伐諸侯者也，故曰：五霸者，三王之罪人也。 |
| Gaozi II: |
Mencius said, 'The five chiefs of the princes were sinners against the three kings. The princes of the present day are sinners against the five chiefs. The Great officers of the present day are sinners against the princes. The sovereign visited the princes, which was called "A tour of Inspection." The princes attended at the court of the sovereign, which was called "Giving a report of office." It was a custom in the spring to examine the ploughing, and supply any deficiency of seed; and in autumn to examine the reaping, and assist where there was a deficiency of the crop. When the sovereign entered the boundaries of a State, if the new ground was being reclaimed, and the old fields well cultivated; if the old were nourished and the worthy honoured; and if men of distinguished talents were placed in office: then the prince was rewarded - rewarded with an addition to his territory. On the other hand, if, on entering a State, the ground was found left wild or overrun with weeds; if the old were neglected and the worthy unhonoured; and if the offices were filled with hard taxgatherers: then the prince was reprimanded. If a prince once omitted his attendance at court, he was punished by degradation of rank; if he did so a second time, he was deprived of a portion of his territory; if he did so a third time, the royal forces were set in motion, and he was removed from his government. Thus the sovereign commanded the punishment, but did not himself inflict it, while the princes inflicted the punishment, but did not command it. The five chiefs, however, dragged the princes to punish other princes, and hence I say that they were sinners against the three kings. |
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「五霸，桓公為盛。葵丘之會諸侯，束牲、載書而不歃血。初命曰：『誅不孝，無易樹子，無以妾為妻。』再命曰：『尊賢育才，以彰有德。』三命曰：『敬老慈幼，無忘賓旅。』四命曰：『士無世官，官事無攝，取士必得，無專殺大夫。』五命曰：『無曲防，無遏糴，無有封而不告。』曰：『凡我同盟之人，既盟之後，言歸于好。』今之諸侯，皆犯此五禁，故曰：今之諸侯，五霸之罪人也。 |
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'Of the five chiefs the most powerful was the duke Huan. At the assembly of the princes in Kui Qiu, he bound the victim and placed the writing upon it, but did not slay it to smear their mouths with the blood. The first injunction in their agreement was, "Slay the unfilial; change not the son who has been appointed heir; exalt not a concubine to be the wife." The second was, "Honour the worthy, and maintain the talented, to give distinction to the virtuous." The third was, "Respect the old, and be kind to the young. Be not forgetful of strangers and travellers." The fourth was, "Let not offices be hereditary, nor let officers be pluralists. In the selection of officers let the object be to get the proper men. Let not a ruler take it on himself to put to death a Great officer." The fifth was, "Follow no crooked policy in making embankments. Impose no restrictions on the sale of grain. Let there be no promotions without first announcing them to the sovereign." It was then said, "All we who have united in this agreement shall hereafter maintain amicable relations." The princes of the present day all violate these five prohibitions, and therefore I say that the princes of the present day are sinners against the five chiefs. |
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「長君之惡其罪小，逢君之惡其罪大。今之大夫，皆逢君之惡，故曰：今之大夫，今之諸侯之罪人也。」 |
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'The crime of him who connives at, and aids, the wickedness of his prince is small, but the crime of him who anticipates and excites that wickedness is great. The officers of the present day all go to meet their sovereigns' wickedness, and therefore I say that the Great officers of the present day are sinners against the princes.' |
| | 僖公九年: |
九年，春，宋桓公卒，未葬，而襄公會諸侯，故曰子，凡在喪，王曰小童，公侯曰子。 |
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夏，會于葵丘，尋盟，且脩好，禮也。 |
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王使宰孔賜齊侯胙，曰，天子有事于文武，使孔賜伯舅胙，齊侯將下拜，孔曰，且有後命，天子使孔曰，以伯舅耋老，加勞賜一級，無下拜，對曰，天威不違顏咫尺，小白，余敢貪天子之命，無下拜，恐隕越于下，以遺天子羞，敢不下拜，下拜登受。 |
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秋，齊侯盟諸侯于葵丘，曰，凡我同盟之人，既盟之後，言歸于好，宰孔先歸，遇晉侯曰，可無會也，齊侯不務德而勤遠略，故北伐山戎，南伐楚，西為此會也，東略之不知，西則否矣，其在亂乎，君務靖亂，無勤於行，晉侯乃還。 |
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九月，晉獻公卒，里克、㔻鄭，欲納文公，故以三公子之徒作亂，初，獻公使荀息傅奚齊，公疾，召之曰，以是藐諸孤，辱在大夫，其若之何，稽首而對曰，臣竭其股肱之力，加之以忠貞，其濟，君之靈也，不濟，則以死繼之，公曰，何謂忠貞，對曰，公家之利，知無不為，忠也。送往事居，耦俱無猜，貞也。及里克將殺奚齊，先告荀息曰，三怨將作，秦晉輔之，子將何如，荀息曰，將死之，里克曰，無益也，荀叔曰，吾與先君言矣，不可以貳，能欲復言，而愛身乎，雖無益也。 |
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將焉辟之，且人之欲善，誰不如我，我欲無貳，而能謂人已乎。 |
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冬，十月，里克殺奚齊于次，書曰，殺其君之子，未葬也，荀息將死之，人曰，不如立卓子而輔之，荀息立公子卓以葬，十一月，里克殺公子卓于朝，荀息死之，君子曰，詩所謂白圭之玷，尚可磨也，斯言之玷，不可為也，荀息有焉。 |
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齊侯以諸侯之師伐晉，及高梁而還，討晉亂也，令不及魯，故不書。 |
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晉郤芮使夷吾重賂秦以求入，曰，人實有國，我何愛焉，入而能民，土於何有，從之，齊隰朋帥師會秦師，納晉惠公，秦伯謂郤芮曰，公子誰恃，對曰，臣聞亡人無黨，有黨必有讎，夷吾弱不好弄，能鬥不過，長亦不改，不識其他，公謂公孫枝曰，夷吾其定乎，對曰，臣聞之，唯則定國，詩曰，不識不知，順帝之則，文王之謂也，又曰，不僭不賊，鮮不為則，無好無惡，不忌不克之謂也，今其言多忌克，難哉，公曰，忌則多怨，又焉能克，是吾利也。 |
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宋襄公即位，以公子目夷為仁，使為左師以聽政，於是宋治，故魚氏世為左師。 |
| | 僖公二十... : |
二十八年，春，晉侯將伐曹，假道于衛，衛人弗許，還自河南濟，侵曹，伐衛，正月，戊申，取五鹿，二月，晉郤縠卒，原蹫將中軍，胥臣佐下軍，上德也，晉侯，齊侯，盟于斂盂，衛侯請盟，晉人弗許，衛侯欲與楚，國人不欲，故出其君，以說于晉，衛侯出居于襄牛。 |
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公子買戍衛，楚人救衛，不克，公懼於晉，殺子叢以說焉，謂楚人曰，不卒戍也。 |
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晉侯圍曹，門焉多死，曹人尸諸城上，晉侯患之，聽輿人之謀曰，稱舍於墓，師遷焉，曹人兇懼，為其所得者，棺而出之，因其兇也而攻之，三月，丙午，入曹，數之以其不用僖負羈，而乘軒者三百人也，且曰，獻狀，令無入僖負羈之宮，而免其族，報施也，魏犨，顛頡，怒曰，勞之不圖，報於何有，爇僖負羈氏氏，魏犨傷於胸，公欲殺之，而愛其材，使問，且視之病，將殺之，魏犨束胸，見使者曰，以君之靈，不有寧也，距躍三百，曲踊三百，乃舍之，殺顛頡以徇于師，立舟之僑以為戎右，宋人使門尹般如晉師告急，公曰，宋人告急，舍之則絕，告楚不許，我欲戰矣，齊秦未可，若之何，先軫曰，使宋舍我而賂齊秦，藉之告楚，我執曹君，而分曹衛之田，以賜宋人，楚愛曹衛，必不許也，喜賂怒頑，能無戰乎，公說，執曹伯，分曹衛之田，以畀宋人，楚人入居于申，使申叔去穀，使子玉去宋，曰，無從晉師，晉侯在外，十九年矣，而果得晉國，險阻艱難，備嘗之矣，民之情偽，盡知之矣，天假之年，而除其害，天之所置，其可廢乎，軍志曰，允當則歸，又曰，知難而退，又曰，有德不可敵，此三志者，晉之謂矣，子玉使伯棼請戰，曰，非敢必有功也，願以間執讒慝之口，王怒，少與之師，唯西廣東宮，與若敖之六卒，實從之，子玉使宛春告於晉師，曰，請復衛侯，而封曹，臣亦釋宋之圍。子犯曰：子玉無禮哉，君取一，臣取二，不可失矣。先軫曰，子與之，定人之謂禮，楚一言而定三國，我一言而亡之，我則無禮，何以戰乎，不許楚言，是棄宋也，救而棄之，謂諸侯何，楚有三施，我有三怨，怨讎已多，將何以戰，不如私許復曹衛以攜之，執宛春以怒楚，既戰而後圖之，公說，乃拘宛春於衛，且私許復曹衛，曹衛告絕於楚，子玉怒，從晉師，晉師退，軍吏曰，以君辟臣，辱也，且楚師老矣，何故退，子犯曰，師直為壯，曲為老，豈在久乎，微楚之惠不及此，退三舍辟之，所以報也，背惠食言，以亢其讎，我曲楚直，其眾素飽，不可謂老，我退而楚還，我將何求，若其不還，君退臣犯，曲在彼矣，退三舍，楚眾欲止，子玉不可，夏，四月，戊辰，晉侯，宋公，齊國歸父，崔夭，秦小子憖，次于城濮，楚師背酅而舍，晉侯患之，聽輿人之誦，曰，原田每每，舍其舊而新是謀，公疑焉，子犯曰，戰也，戰而捷，必得諸侯，若其不捷，表裡山河，必無害也，公曰，若楚惠何，欒貞子曰，漢陽諸姬，楚實盡之，思小惠而忘大恥，不如戰也，晉侯夢與楚子搏，楚子伏己而盬其腦，是以懼，子犯曰，吉，我得天，楚伏其罪，吾且柔之矣，子玉使鬥勃請戰，曰，請與君之士戲，君馮軾而觀之，得臣與寓目焉晉侯使欒枝對曰，寡君聞命矣，楚君之惠，未之敢忘，是以在此，為大夫退，其敢當君乎，既不獲命矣，敢煩大夫，謂二三子。戒爾車乘，敬爾君事，詰朝將見。晉車七百乘，韅靷鞅靽，晉侯登有莘之虛以觀師，曰，少長有禮，其可用也，遂伐其木，以益其兵，己巳，晉師陳于莘北，胥臣以下軍之佐，當陳蔡，子玉以若敖之六卒，將中軍，曰，今日必無晉矣，子西將左，子上將右，胥臣蒙馬以虎皮，先犯陳蔡，陳蔡奔，楚右師潰，狐毛設二旆而退之，欒枝使輿曳柴而偽遁，楚師馳之，原軫，郤溱，以中軍公族橫擊之，狐毛，狐偃，以上軍夾攻子西，楚左師潰，楚師敗績，子玉收其卒而止，故不敗，晉師三日館穀，及癸酉而還，甲午，至于衡雍，作王宮于踐土，鄉役之三月，鄭伯如楚，致其師，為楚師既敗而懼，使子人九行成于晉，晉欒枝入盟鄭伯，五月，丙午，晉侯及鄭伯盟于衡雍，丁未，獻楚俘于王，駟介百乘，徒兵千，鄭伯傅王，用平禮也，已酉，王享醴，命晉侯宥，王命尹氏，及王子虎，內史叔興父策命晉侯為侯伯，賜之大輅之服，戎輅之服，彤弓一，彤矢百，玈弓矢千，秬鬯一卣，虎賁三百人，曰，王謂叔父，敬服王命，以綏四國，糾逖王慝，晉侯三辭，從命，曰，重耳敢再拜稽首，奉揚天子之丕顯休命，受策以出，出入三覲。 |
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衛侯聞楚師敗，懼，出奔楚，遂適陳，使元咺奉叔武以受盟，癸亥，王子虎盟諸侯于王庭，要言曰，皆獎王室，無相害也，有渝此盟，明神殛之，俾隊其師，無克祚國，及其玄孫，無有老幼，君子謂是盟也信，謂晉於是役也，能以德攻，初，楚子玉自為瓊弁玉纓，未之服也，先戰，夢河神謂己曰，畀余，余賜女孟諸之麋，弗致也，大心與子西，使榮黃諫，弗聽，榮季曰，死而利國，猶或為之，況瓊玉乎，是糞土也，而可以濟師，將何愛焉，弗聽，出告二子曰，非神敗令尹，令尹其不勤民，實自敗也，既敗，王使謂之曰，大夫若入，其若申息之老何，子西，孫伯，曰，得臣將死，二臣止之曰，君其將以為戮，及連穀而死，晉侯聞之，而後喜可知也，曰，莫余毒也已，蒍呂臣實為令尹，奉己而已，不在民矣。 |
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或訴元咺於衛侯曰，立叔武矣，其子角從公，公使殺之，咺不廢命，奉夷叔以入守，六月，晉人復衛侯，甯武子與衛人盟于宛濮，曰，天禍衛國，君臣不協，以及此憂也，今天誘其衷，使皆降心以相從也，不有居者，誰守社稷，不有行者，誰扞牧圉，不協之故，用昭乞盟于爾大神，以誘天衷，自今日以往，既盟之後，行者無保其力，居者無懼其罪，有渝此盟，以相及也，明神先君，是糾是殛，國人聞此盟也，而後不貳，衛侯先期入，甯子先，長牂守門，以為使也，與之乘而入，公子歂犬，華仲，前驅，叔孫將沐，聞君至，喜，捉髮走出，前驅射而殺之，公知其無罪也，枕之股而哭之，歂犬走出，公使殺之，元咺出奔晉。 |
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城濮之戰，晉中軍風于澤，亡大旆之左旃，祁瞞奸命，司馬殺之，以徇于諸侯，使茅茷代之，師還，壬午，濟河，舟之僑先歸，士會攝右，秋，七月，丙申，振旅愷以入于晉，獻俘授馘，飲至大賞，徵會討貳，殺舟之僑以徇于國，民於是大服。君子謂文公其能刑矣。三罪而民服，《》云：「」不失賞刑之謂也。 |
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冬，會于溫，討不服也，衛侯與元咺訟，甯武子為輔，鍼莊子為坐，士榮為大士，衛侯不勝，殺士榮，刖鍼莊子，謂甯俞忠而免之，執衛侯，歸之于京師，寘諸深室，甯子職納橐饘焉，元咺歸于衛，立公子瑕。 |
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是會也，晉侯召王，以諸侯見，且使王狩，仲尼曰，以臣召君，不可以訓，故書曰，天王狩于河陽，言非其地，也且明德也，壬申，公朝于王所，丁丑，諸侯圍許，晉侯有疾，曹伯之豎侯，獳貨筮史，使曰，以曹為解，齊桓公為會而封異姓，今君為會，而滅同姓，曹叔振鐸，文之昭也，先君唐叔，武之穆也，且合諸侯而滅兄弟，非禮也，與衛偕命，而不與偕復，非信也，同罪異罰，非刑也，禮以行義，信以守禮，刑以正邪，舍此三者，君將若之何，公說，復曹伯，遂會諸侯于許，晉侯作三行以禦狄，荀林父將中行，屠擊將右行，先篾將左行。 |
