| | 宪问: |
宪问耻。子曰：“邦有道，谷；邦无道，谷，耻也。”“克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以为仁矣？”子曰：“可以为难矣，仁则吾不知也。” |
| Xian Wen: |
Xian asked what was shameful. The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, to be thinking only of salary; and, when bad government prevails, to be thinking, in the same way, only of salary - this is shameful." "When the love of superiority, boasting, resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue." The Master said, "This may be regarded as the achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue."| 《·》 |
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| 子思问耻。孔子曰：“国有道，谷。国无道，谷，耻也。” |
| 《·》 |
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| 蔡泽少得闲，因曰：“夫商君、吴起、大夫种，其为人臣尽忠致功则可愿矣，闳夭事文王，周公辅成王也，岂不亦忠圣乎？以君臣论之，商君、吴起、大夫种其可愿孰与闳夭、周公哉？”应侯曰：“商君、吴起、大夫种弗若也。”蔡泽曰：“然则君之主慈仁任忠，敦厚旧故，其贤智与有道之士为胶漆，义不倍功臣，孰与秦孝公、楚悼王、越王乎？”应侯曰：“未知何如也。”蔡泽曰：“今主亲忠臣，不过秦孝公、楚悼王、越王，君之设智，能为主安危修政，治乱强兵，批患折难，广地殖谷，富国足家，强主，尊社稷，显宗庙，天下莫敢欺犯其主，主之威盖震海内，功彰万里之外，声名光辉传于千世，君孰与商君、吴起、大夫种？”应侯曰：“不若。”蔡泽曰：“今主之亲忠臣不忘旧故不若孝公、悼王、句践，而君之功绩爱信亲幸又不若商君、吴起、大夫种，然而君之禄位贵盛，私家之富过于三子，而身不退者，恐患之甚于三子，窃为君危之。语曰‘日中则移，月满则亏’。物盛则衰，天地之常数也。进退盈缩，与时变化，圣人之常道也。故‘国有道则仕，国无道则隐’。圣人曰‘飞龙在天，利见大人’。‘不义而富且贵，于我如浮云’。今君之怨已雠而德已报，意欲至矣，而无变计，窃为君不取也。且夫翠、鹄、犀、象，其处势非不远死也，而所以死者，惑于饵也。苏秦、智伯之智，非不足以辟辱远死也，而所以死者，惑于贪利不止也。是以圣人制礼节欲，取于民有度，使之以时，用之有止，故志不溢，行不骄，常与道俱而不失，故天下承而不绝。昔者齐桓公九合诸侯，一匡天下，至于葵丘之会，有骄矜之志，畔者九国。吴王夫差兵无敌于天下，勇强以轻诸侯，陵齐晋，故遂以杀身亡国。夏育、太史噭叱呼骇三军，然而身死于庸夫。此皆乘至盛而不返道理，不居卑退处俭约之患也。夫商君为秦孝公明法令，禁奸本，尊爵必赏，有罪必罚，平权衡，正度量，调轻重，决裂阡陌，以静生民之业而一其俗，劝民耕农利土，一室无二事，力田稸积，习战陈之事，是以兵动而地广，兵休而国富，故秦无敌于天下，立威诸侯，成秦国之业。功已成矣，而遂以车裂。楚地方数千里，持戟百万，白起率数万之师以与楚战，一战举鄢郢以烧夷陵，再战南并蜀汉。又越韩、魏而攻强赵，北坑马服，诛屠四十馀万之众，尽之于长平之下，流血成川，沸声若雷，遂入围邯郸，使秦有帝业。楚、赵天下之强国而秦之仇敌也，自是之后，楚、赵皆慑伏不敢攻秦者，白起之势也。身所服者七十馀城，功已成矣，而遂赐剑死于杜邮。吴起为楚悼王立法，卑减大臣之威重，罢无能，废无用，损不急之官，塞私门之请，一楚国之俗，禁游客之民，精耕战之士，南收杨越，北并陈、蔡，破横散从，使驰说之士无所开其口，禁朋党以励百姓，定楚国之政，兵震天下，威服诸侯。功已成矣，而卒枝解。大夫种为越王深谋远计，免会稽之危，以亡为存，因辱为荣，垦草入邑，辟地殖谷，率四方之士，专上下之力，辅句践之贤，报夫差之雠，卒擒劲吴。令越成霸。功已彰而信矣，句践终负而杀之。此四子者，功成不去，祸至于此。此所谓信而不能诎，往而不能返者也。范蠡知之，超然辟世，长为陶朱公。君独不观夫博者乎？或欲大投，或欲分功，此皆君之所明知也。今君相秦，计不下席，谋不出廊庙，坐制诸侯，利施三川，以实宜阳，决羊肠之险，塞太行之道，又斩范、中行之涂，六国不得合从，栈道千里，通于蜀汉，使天下皆畏秦，秦之欲得矣，君之功极矣，此亦秦之分功之时也。如是而不退，则商君、白公、吴起、大夫种是也。吾闻之，‘鉴于水者见面之容，鉴于人者知吉与凶’。书曰‘成功之下，不可久处’。四子之祸，君何居焉？君何不以此时归相印，让贤者而授之，退而岩居川观，必有伯夷之廉，长为应侯。世世称孤，而有许由、延陵季子之让，乔松之寿，孰与以祸终哉？即君何居焉？忍不能自离，疑不能自决，必有四子之祸矣。《》曰‘’，此言上而不能下，信而不能诎，往而不能自返者也。愿君孰计之！”应侯曰：“善。吾闻‘欲而不知（止）［足］，失其所以欲；有而不知（足）［止］，失其所以有’。先生幸教，睢敬受命。’于是乃延入坐，为上客。 |
| 《·》 |
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| 问孔子曰：“羿善射，奡荡舟，俱不得其死然；禹稷躬稼而有天下？”孔子弗答。容出，孔子曰：“君子哉若人！上德哉若人！”“国有道，不废；国无道，免于刑戮。”三复“白圭之玷”，以其兄之子妻之。 |
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| 子思曰：“克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以为仁乎？”孔子曰：“可以为难矣，仁则吾弗知也。” |
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| 季康子问孔子曰：“冉求仁乎？”曰：“千室之邑，百乘之家，求也可使治其赋。仁则吾不知也。”复问：“子路仁乎？”孔子对曰：“如求。” |
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| | 宪问: |
南宫适问于孔子曰：“羿善射，奡荡舟，俱不得其死然；禹稷躬稼，而有天下。”夫子不答，南宫适出。子曰：“君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！” |
| Xian Wen: |
Nan Gong Kuo, submitting an inquiry to Confucius, said, "Yi was skillful at archery, and Ao could move a boat along upon the land, but neither of them died a natural death. Yu and Ji personally wrought at the toils of husbandry, and they became possessors of the kingdom." The Master made no reply; but when Nan Gong Kuo went out, he said, "A superior man indeed is this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is this!"| 《·》 |
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| 问孔子曰：“羿善射，奡荡舟，俱不得其死然；禹稷躬稼而有天下？”孔子弗答。容出，孔子曰：“君子哉若人！上德哉若人！”“国有道，不废；国无道，免于刑戮。”三复“白圭之玷”，以其兄之子妻之。 |
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| | 宪问: |
子路曰：“桓公杀公子纠，召忽死之，管仲不死。”曰：“未仁乎？”子曰：“桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。如其仁！如其仁！” |
| Xian Wen: |
Zi Lu said, "The duke Huan caused his brother Jiu to be killed, when Shao Hu died with his master, but Guan Zhong did not die. May not I say that he was wanting in virtue?" The Master said, "The Duke Huan assembled all the princes together, and that not with weapons of war and chariots - it was all through the influence of Guan Zhong. Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like his?"| 《·》 |
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| 桓公之中钩，详死以误管仲，已而载温车中驰行，亦有高、国内应，故得先入立，发兵距鲁。秋，与鲁战于乾时，鲁兵败走，齐兵掩绝鲁归道。齐遗鲁书曰：“子纠兄弟，弗忍诛，请鲁自杀之。召忽、管仲雠也，请得而甘心醢之。不然，将围鲁。”鲁人患之，遂杀子纠于笙渎。召忽自杀，管仲请囚。桓公之立，发兵攻鲁，心欲杀管仲。鲍叔牙曰：“臣幸得从君，君竟以立。君之尊，臣无以增君。君将治齐，即高傒与叔牙足也。君且欲霸王，非管夷吾不可。夷吾所居国国重，不可失也。”于是桓公从之。乃详为召管仲欲甘心，实欲用之。管仲知之，故请往。鲍叔牙迎受管仲，及堂阜而脱桎梏，斋祓而见桓公。桓公厚礼以为大夫，任政。 |
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| 管仲曰：“吾始困时，尝与鲍叔贾，分财利多自与，鲍叔不以我为贪，知我贫也。吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困，鲍叔不以我为愚，知时有利不利也。吾尝三仕三见逐于君，鲍叔不以我为不肖，知我不遭时也。吾尝三战三走，鲍叔不以我怯，知我有老母也。公子纠败，召忽死之，吾幽囚受辱，鲍叔不以我为无耻，知我不羞小睗而耻功名不显于天下也。生我者父母，知我者鲍子也。” |
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| 八年，齐公子纠来奔。九年，鲁欲内子纠于齐，后桓公，桓公发兵击鲁，鲁急，杀子纠。召忽死。齐告鲁生致管仲。鲁人施伯曰：“齐欲得管仲，非杀之也，将用之，用之则为鲁患。不如杀，以其尸与之。”庄公不听，遂囚管仲与齐。齐人相管仲。 |
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| | 宪问: |
陈成子弑简公。孔子沐浴而朝，告于哀公曰：“陈恒弑其君，请讨之。”公曰：“告夫三子！”孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。君曰‘告夫三子’者。”之三子告，不可。孔子曰：“以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。” |
| Xian Wen: |
Chen Cheng murdered the duke Jian of Qi. Confucius bathed, went to court and informed the duke Ai, saying, "Chen Heng has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him." The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it." Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, 'Inform the chiefs of the three families of it.'" He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confucius then said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter."| 《·》 |
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| 颜回死，颜路贫，请孔子车以葬。孔子曰：“材不材，亦各言其子也。鲤也死，有棺而无椁，吾不徒行以为之椁，以吾从大夫之后，不可以徒行。” |
|
| | 宪问: |
或曰：“以德报怨，何如？”子曰：“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。” |
| Xian Wen: |
Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?" The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness? Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness."| 《·》 |
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| 郭解，轵人也，字翁伯，善相人者许负外孙也。解父以任侠，孝文时诛死。解为人短小精悍，不饮酒。少时阴贼，慨不快意，身所杀甚众。以躯借交报仇，藏命作奸剽攻，（不）休（及）［乃］铸钱掘冢，固不可胜数。适有天幸，窘急常得脱，若遇赦。及解年长，更折节为俭，以德报怨，厚施而薄望。然其自喜为侠益甚。既已振人之命，不矜其功，其阴贼著于心，卒发于睚金故云。而少年慕其行，亦辄为报仇，不使知也。解姊子负解之势，与人饮，使之嚼。非其任，强必灌之。人怒，拔刀刺杀解姊子，亡去。解姊怒曰：“以翁伯之义，人杀吾子，贼不得。”弃其尸于道，弗葬，欲以辱解。解使人微知贼处。贼窘自归，具以实告解。解曰：“公杀之固当，吾儿不直。”遂去其贼，罪其姊子，乃收而葬之。诸公闻之，皆多解之义，益附焉。 |
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| | 宪问: |
子曰：“莫我知也夫！”子贡曰：“何为其莫知子也？”子曰：“不怨天，不尤人。下学而上达。知我者，其天乎！” |
| Xian Wen: |
The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me." Zi Gong said, "What do you mean by thus saying - that no one knows you?" The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. But there is Heaven - that knows me!"| 《·》 |
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| 鲁哀公十四年春，狩大野。叔孙氏车子锄商获兽，以为不祥。仲尼视之，曰：“麟也。”取之。曰：“河不出图，雒不出书，吾已矣夫！”颜渊死，孔子曰：“天丧予！”及西狩见麟，曰：“吾道穷矣！”喟然叹曰：“莫知我夫！”子贡曰：“何为莫知子？”子曰：“不怨天，不尤人，下学而上达，知我者其天乎！” |
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| | 宪问: |
公伯寮诉子路于季孙。子服景伯以告，曰：“夫子固有惑志于公伯寮，吾力犹能肆诸市朝。”子曰：“道之将行也与？命也。道之将废也与？命也。公伯寮其如命何！” |
| Xian Wen: |
The Gong Bo Liao, having slandered Zi Lu to Ji Sun, Zi Fu Jing Bo informed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astray by the Gong Bo Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off, and expose his corpse in the market and in the court." The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. If they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Gong Bo Liao do where such ordering is concerned?"| 《·》 |
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| 周诉子路于季孙，子服景伯以告孔子，曰：“夫子固有惑志，缭也，吾力犹能肆诸市朝。”孔子曰：“道之将行，命也；道之将废，命也。公伯缭其如命何！” |
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| | 宪问: |
子击磬于卫。有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者，曰：“有心哉！击磬乎！”既而曰：“鄙哉！硜硜乎！莫己知也，斯己而已矣。深则厉，浅则揭。”子曰：“果哉！末之难矣。” |
| Xian Wen: |
The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Wei, when a man, carrying a straw basket, passed door of the house where Confucius was, and said, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone." A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaed obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he has simply at once to give over his wish for public employment. 'Deep water must be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the clothes held up.'" The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is not difficult!"| 《·》 |
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| 孔子击磬。有荷蒉而过门者，曰：“有心哉，击磬乎！硜硜乎，莫己知也夫而已矣！” |
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