| | 顏淵: |
顏淵問仁。子曰：「克己復禮為仁。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。為仁由己，而由人乎哉？」顏淵曰：「請問其目。」子曰：「非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。」顏淵曰：「回雖不敏，請事斯語矣。」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Yan Yuan asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others?" Yan Yuan said, "I beg to ask the steps of that process." The Master replied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety." Yan Yuan then said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my business to practice this lesson."| 《·》 |
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| 顏淵問仁，孔子曰：「克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。」 |
|
| | 顏淵: |
仲弓問仁。子曰：「出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施於人。在邦無怨，在家無怨。」仲弓曰：「雍雖不敏，請事斯語矣。」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Zhong Gong asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, when you go abroad, to behave to every one as if you were receiving a great guest; to employ the people as if you were assisting at a great sacrifice; not to do to others as you would not wish done to yourself; to have no murmuring against you in the country, and none in the family." Zhong Gong said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my business to practice this lesson."| 《·》 |
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| 仲弓問政，孔子曰：「出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。在邦無怨，在家無怨。」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
司馬牛問仁。子曰：「仁者其言也訒。」曰：「其言也訒，斯謂之仁已乎？」子曰：「為之難，言之得無訒乎？」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Si Ma Niu asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in his speech." Niu replied, "Cautious and slow in his speech! Is this what is meant by perfect virtue?" The Master said, "When a man feels the difficulty of doing, can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?"| 《·》 |
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| 牛多言而躁。問仁於孔子，孔子曰：「仁者其言也讱。」曰：「其言也讱，斯可謂之仁乎？」子曰：「為之難，言之得無讱乎！」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
司馬牛問君子。子曰：「君子不憂不懼。」曰：「不憂不懼，斯謂之君子已乎？」子曰：「內省不疚，夫何憂何懼？」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Si Ma Niu asked about the superior man. The Master said, "The superior man has neither anxiety nor fear." Niu said, "Being without anxiety or fear! Does this constitute what we call the superior man?" The Master said, "When internal examination discovers nothing wrong, what is there to be anxious about, what is there to fear?"| 《·》 |
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| 問君子，子曰：「君子不憂不懼。」曰：「不憂不懼，斯可謂之君子乎？」子曰：「內省不疚，夫何憂何懼！」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
齊景公問政於孔子。孔子對曰：「君君，臣臣，父父，子子。」公曰：「善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，雖有粟，吾得而食諸？」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
The duke Jing, of Qi, asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son." "Good!" said the duke; "if, indeed, the prince be not prince, the minister not minister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have my revenue, can I enjoy it?"| 《·》 |
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| 景公問政孔子，孔子曰：「君君，臣臣，父父，子子。」景公曰：「善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，雖有粟，吾豈得而食諸！」他日又復問政於孔子，孔子曰：「政在節財。」景公說，將欲以尼谿田封孔子。晏嬰進曰：「夫儒者滑稽而不可軌法；倨傲自順，不可以為下；崇喪遂哀，破產厚葬，不可以為俗；游說乞貸，不可以為國。自大賢之息，周室既衰，禮樂缺有間。今孔子盛容飾，繁登降之禮，趨詳之節，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。君欲用之以移齊俗，非所以先細民也。」後景公敬見孔子，不問其禮。異日，景公止孔子曰：「奉子以季氏，吾不能。」以季孟之間待之。齊大夫欲害孔子，孔子聞之。景公曰：「吾老矣，弗能用也。」孔子遂行，反乎魯。 |
| 《·》 |
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| 上大夫壺遂曰：「昔孔子何為而作春秋哉？」太史公曰：「余聞董生曰：『周道衰廢，孔子為魯司寇，諸侯害之，大夫壅之。孔子知言之不用，道之不行也，是非二百四十二年之中，以為天下儀表，貶天子，退諸侯，討大夫，以達王事而已矣。』子曰：『我欲載之空言，不如見之於行事之深切著明也。』夫春秋，上明三王之道，下辨人事之紀，別嫌疑，明是非，定猶豫，善善惡惡，賢賢賤不肖，存亡國，繼絕世，補敝起廢，王道之大者也。易著天地陰陽四時五行，故長於變；禮經紀人倫，故長於行；書記先王之事，故長於政；詩記山川谿谷禽獸草木牝牡雌雄，故長於風；樂樂所以立，故長於和；春秋辯是非，故長於治人。是故禮以節人，樂以發和，書以道事，詩以達意，易以道化，春秋以道義。撥亂世反之正，莫近於春秋。春秋文成數萬，其指數千。萬物之散聚皆在春秋。春秋之中，弒君三十六，亡國五十二，諸侯奔走不得保其社稷者不可勝數。察其所以，皆失其本已。故易曰『失之豪釐，差以千里』。故曰『臣弒君，子弒父，非一旦一夕之故也，其漸久矣』。故有國者不可以不知春秋，前有讒而弗見，後有賊而不知。為人臣者不可以不知春秋，守經事而不知其宜，遭變事而不知其權。為人君父而不通於春秋之義者，必蒙首惡之名。為人臣子而不通於春秋之義者，必陷篡弒之誅，死罪之名。其實皆以為善，為之不知其義，被之空言而不敢辭。夫不通禮義之旨，至於君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子。夫君不君則犯，臣不臣則誅，父不父則無道，子不子則不孝。此四行者，天下之大過也。以天下之大過予之，則受而弗敢辭。故春秋者，禮義之大宗也。夫禮禁未然之前，法施已然之後；法之所為用者易見，而禮之所為禁者難知。」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
子曰：「片言可以折獄者，其由也與？」子路無宿諾。 |
| Yan Yuan: |
The Master said, "Ah! it is You, who could with half a word settle litigations!" Zi Lu never slept over a promise.| 《·》 |
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| 孔子曰：「片言可以折獄者，其由也與！」「由也好勇過我，無所取材。」「若由也，不得其死然。」「衣敝縕袍，與衣狐貉者立，而不恥者，其由也與！」「由也升堂矣，未入於室也。」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
子曰：「聽訟，吾猶人也，必也使無訟乎！」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is necessary, however, is to cause the people to have no litigations."| 《·》 |
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| 孔子曰：「導之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥。導之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。」老氏稱：「上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以無德。法令滋章，盜賊多有。」太史公曰：信哉是言也！法令者治之具，而非制治清濁之源也。昔天下之網嘗密矣，然姦偽萌起，其極也，上下相遁，至於不振。當是之時，吏治若救火揚沸，非武健嚴酷，惡能勝其任而愉快乎！言道德者，溺其職矣。故曰「聽訟，吾猶人也，必也使無訟乎」。「下士聞道大笑之」。非虛言也。漢興，破觚而為圜，斲雕而為樸，網漏於吞舟之魚，而吏治烝烝，不至於姦，黎民艾安。由是觀之，在彼不在此。 |
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| | 顏淵: |
季康子問政於孔子。孔子對曰：「政者，正也。子帥以正，孰敢不正？」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Ji Kang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "To govern means to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare not to be correct?"| 《·》 |
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| 景公問政孔子，孔子曰：「君君，臣臣，父父，子子。」景公曰：「善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，雖有粟，吾豈得而食諸！」他日又復問政於孔子，孔子曰：「政在節財。」景公說，將欲以尼谿田封孔子。晏嬰進曰：「夫儒者滑稽而不可軌法；倨傲自順，不可以為下；崇喪遂哀，破產厚葬，不可以為俗；游說乞貸，不可以為國。自大賢之息，周室既衰，禮樂缺有間。今孔子盛容飾，繁登降之禮，趨詳之節，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。君欲用之以移齊俗，非所以先細民也。」後景公敬見孔子，不問其禮。異日，景公止孔子曰：「奉子以季氏，吾不能。」以季孟之間待之。齊大夫欲害孔子，孔子聞之。景公曰：「吾老矣，弗能用也。」孔子遂行，反乎魯。 |
| 《·》 |
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| 太皇太后詔大司徒大司空：「蓋聞治國之道，富民為始；富民之要，在於節儉。《》曰『』。『禮，與奢也寧儉』。昔者管仲相齊桓，霸諸侯，有九合一匡之功，而仲尼謂之不知禮，以其奢泰侈擬於君故也。夏禹卑宮室，惡衣服，后聖不循。由此言之，治之盛也，德優矣，莫高於儉。儉化俗民，則尊卑之序得，而骨肉之恩親，爭訟之原息。斯乃家給人足，刑錯之本也歟？可不務哉！夫三公者，百寮之率，萬民之表也。未有樹直表而得曲影者也。孔子不云乎，『子率而正，孰敢不正』。『舉善而教不能則勸』。維漢興以來，股肱宰臣身行儉約，輕財重義，較然著明，未有若故丞相平津侯公孫弘者也。位在丞相而為布被，脫粟之飯，不過一肉。故人所善賓客皆分奉祿以給之，無有所餘。誠內自克約而外從制。汲黯詰之，乃聞于朝，此可謂減於制度而可施行者也。德優則行，否則止，與內奢泰而外為詭服以釣虛譽者殊科。以病乞骸骨，孝武皇帝即制曰『賞有功，褒有德，善善惡惡，君宜知之。其省思慮，存精神，輔以醫藥』。賜告治病，牛酒雜帛。居數月，有瘳，視事。至元狩二年，竟以善終于相位。夫知臣莫若君，此其效也。弘子度嗣爵，后為山陽太守，坐法失侯。夫表德章義，所以率俗厲化，聖王之制，不易之道也。其賜弘後子孫之次當為後者爵關內侯，食邑三百戶，徵詣公車，上名尚書，朕親臨拜焉。」 |
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| | 顏淵: |
季康子患盜，問於孔子。孔子對曰：「苟子之不欲，雖賞之不竊。」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Ji Kang, distressed about the number of thieves in the state, inquired of Confucius how to do away with them. Confucius said, "If you, sir, were not covetous, although you should reward them to do it, they would not steal."| 《·》 |
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| 景公問政孔子，孔子曰：「君君，臣臣，父父，子子。」景公曰：「善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，雖有粟，吾豈得而食諸！」他日又復問政於孔子，孔子曰：「政在節財。」景公說，將欲以尼谿田封孔子。晏嬰進曰：「夫儒者滑稽而不可軌法；倨傲自順，不可以為下；崇喪遂哀，破產厚葬，不可以為俗；游說乞貸，不可以為國。自大賢之息，周室既衰，禮樂缺有間。今孔子盛容飾，繁登降之禮，趨詳之節，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。君欲用之以移齊俗，非所以先細民也。」後景公敬見孔子，不問其禮。異日，景公止孔子曰：「奉子以季氏，吾不能。」以季孟之間待之。齊大夫欲害孔子，孔子聞之。景公曰：「吾老矣，弗能用也。」孔子遂行，反乎魯。 |
| 《·》 |
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| 魯哀公問政，對曰：「政在選臣。」季康子問政，曰：「舉直錯諸枉，則枉者直。」康子患盜，孔子曰：「苟子之不欲，雖賞之不竊。」然魯終不能用孔子，孔子亦不求仕。 |
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| | 顏淵: |
季康子問政於孔子曰：「如殺無道，以就有道，何如？」孔子對曰：「子為政，焉用殺？子欲善，而民善矣。君子之德風，小人之德草。草上之風，必偃。」 |
| Yan Yuan: |
Ji Kang asked Confucius about government, saying, "What do you say to killing the unprincipled for the good of the principled?" Confucius replied, "Sir, in carrying on your government, why should you use killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be good. The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between the wind and the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows across it."| 《·》 |
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| 景公問政孔子，孔子曰：「君君，臣臣，父父，子子。」景公曰：「善哉！信如君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子，雖有粟，吾豈得而食諸！」他日又復問政於孔子，孔子曰：「政在節財。」景公說，將欲以尼谿田封孔子。晏嬰進曰：「夫儒者滑稽而不可軌法；倨傲自順，不可以為下；崇喪遂哀，破產厚葬，不可以為俗；游說乞貸，不可以為國。自大賢之息，周室既衰，禮樂缺有間。今孔子盛容飾，繁登降之禮，趨詳之節，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。君欲用之以移齊俗，非所以先細民也。」後景公敬見孔子，不問其禮。異日，景公止孔子曰：「奉子以季氏，吾不能。」以季孟之間待之。齊大夫欲害孔子，孔子聞之。景公曰：「吾老矣，弗能用也。」孔子遂行，反乎魯。 |
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