| | 五祀: |
五祀者，何謂也？謂門、戶、井、灶、中霤也。所以祭何？人之所處出入、所飲食，故為神而祭之。何以知五祀謂門、戶、井、灶、中霤也？《》曰：「」又曰：「」「其祀中霤。」「其祀門。」「其祀井。」 |
| | What are the Five Sishi? What is meant by them? They refer to the door, the household gate, the well, the stove, and Zhongliu. Why are they worshipped? Because these are the places where people enter and exit, and where they drink and eat, they are regarded as deities and thus worshipped. Why do we know that the Five Sishi refer to the door, household gate, well, stove, and Zhongliu? The Yueling says: "Their worship is directed toward the household gate." It also says: "Their worship is directed toward the stove." "It refers to their worship of Zhongliu." "It refers to their worship of the door." "It refers to their worship of the well."
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| | 五祀: |
獨大夫已上得祭之何？士者，位卑祿薄，但祭其先祖耳。《禮》曰：「天子祭天地，諸侯祭山川，卿、大夫祭五祀，士祭其祖。」《》曰：「天地四時山川五祀，歲遍；諸侯方祀，山川五祀，歲遍；卿大夫祭五祀；士祭其先。非所當祭而祭之名曰淫祀。淫祀無福。」 |
| | Why is it that only officials of the rank of dàifu and above are allowed to worship them? Scholars of low rank and meager stipend merely worship their ancestors. The Li says: "The Son of Heaven worships heaven and earth; feudal lords worship mountains and rivers; ministers and officials of rank worship the Five Sishi; and scholars worship their ancestors." The Qu Li says: "Heaven, earth, the Four Seasons, mountains and rivers, and the Five Sishi are worshipped once a year;" "Feudal lords worship local deities, mountains and rivers, and thefive Sishi once a year;" "Ministers and officials of rank worship the Fivesishi;" "Scholars worship their ancestors." To worship deities not prescribed for one's rank is called yin si, or improper worship. Improper worship brings no blessings."
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| | 五祀: |
祭五祀所以歲一遍何？順五行也。故春即祭戶。戶者，人所出入，亦春萬物始觸戶而出也。夏祭灶者，火之主人，所以自養也，夏亦火王，長養萬物。秋祭門。門以閉藏自固也，秋亦萬物成熟，內備自守也。冬祭井。井者，水之生藏任地中，冬亦水王，萬物伏藏。六月祭中霤。中霤者，像土在中央也，六月亦土王也。故《》春言「」，夏言「」，秋言「其祀門，祭先肝」，冬言「其祀井，祭先腎」，中央言「其祀中霤，祭先心。」春祀戶，祭所以時先脾者何？脾者，土也，春木王煞土，故以所勝祭之也；是冬腎，六月心，非所勝也，以祭何？以為土位在中央，至尊，故祭以心。心者，藏之尊者。水最卑，不得食其所勝。 |
| | Why are the Five Sishi worshipped once a year? It is to follow the Five Elements. Therefore, in spring, one worships the household gate. The household gate is where people enter and exit; it also symbolizes how all things in spring begin to emerge through the gate. Worshiping the stove in summer is because fire governs the stove, which sustains life; summer also corresponds to the dominance of fire, nurturing and fostering all things. In autumn, one worships the door. The door is used to close and protect oneself; similarly, in autumn, all things mature and are stored internally for self-preservation. In winter, one worships the well. The well is where water is stored underground; in winter, water dominates, and all things lie dormant and hidden. In the sixth month, one worships Zhongliu. Zhongliu represents the earth at the center; the sixth month also corresponds to the dominance of earth. Therefore, the Yueling says in spring: "Their worship is directed toward the household gateway, and they offer sacrifices to the spleen first"; in summer: "Their worship is directed toward the stove, and they offer sacrifices to the lungs first"; in autumn: "Their worship is directed toward the door, and they offer sacrifices to the liver first"; in winter: "Their worship is directed toward the well, and they offer sacrifices to the kidneys first"; and for the central direction: "Their worship is directed toward Zhongliu, and they offer sacrifices to the heart first." Why in spring, when worshipping the household gateway, are the spleen offered as the first sacrifice? The spleen represents earth; in spring, wood dominates and overcomes earth, so it is sacrificed to represent what is overcome. In winter the kidneys are offered, and in the sixth month the heart; these do not represent what is overcome—why are they sacrificed? It is because earth's position is at the center, the most exalted, so the heart is offered in sacrifice. The heart is the most revered of the internal organs. Water is the lowest in rank and thus does not partake of what it overcomes.
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| | 五祀: |
祭五祀，天子、諸侯以牛，卿、大夫以羊，因四時祭牲也。一說：戶以羊，灶以雞，中霤以豚，門以犬，井以豕。或曰：中霤用牛，餘不得用豚，井以魚。 |
| | When worshipping the Five Sishi, the Son of Heaven and feudal lords use oxen as sacrifices, while ministers and officials of rank use sheep, in accordance with the sacrificial animals prescribed for each season. Another theory states: the household gateway is sacrificed to with a sheep, the stove with a chicken, Zhongliu with a piglet, the door with a dog, and the well with a boar. Another view says: Zhongliu is sacrificed to with an ox; the others may not use piglets, and the well is sacrificed to with fish.
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