| | 定公元年: |
元年，春，王。三月，晋人执宋仲几于京师。 |
| | The first year [of his reign], spring, the king. In March, the Jin people arrested Song Zhongji in the capital.
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夏，六月，癸亥，公之丧至自乾侯。 |
| | In summer, sixth month, on the Genghai day, the duke's funeral arrived from Qianhou.
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戊辰，公即位。』 |
| | On the Wuchen day, the Duke assumed the throne."
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秋，七月，癸巳，葬我君昭公。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, on the Guisi day, our lord Duke Zhao was buried.
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九月，大雩。 |
| | In September, a great rain rite was held.
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立炀宫。 |
| | The Yang Palace was established.
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冬，十月，陨霜杀菽。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, frost fell and killed the beans.
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| | 定公元年: |
元年，春，王正月，辛巳，晋魏舒合诸侯之大夫于狄泉，将以城成周。魏子莅政。卫彪傒曰：「将建天子，而易位以令，非义也。大事奸义，必有大咎，晋不失诸侯，魏子其不免乎？」是行也，魏献子属役于韩简子及原寿过，而田于大陆，焚焉。还卒于甯，范献子去其柏椁，以其未复命而田也，孟懿子会城成周。庚寅，栽，宋仲几不受功，曰：「滕、薛、郳，吾役也。」薛宰曰，宋为无道，绝我小国于周，以我适楚，故我常从宋，晋文公为践土之盟曰：『凡我同盟，各复旧职。』若从践土，若从宋，亦唯命。」仲几曰：「践土固然。」薛宰曰：「薛之皇祖奚仲，居薛，以为夏车正。奚仲迁于邳，仲虺居薛，以为汤左相。若复旧职，将承王官，何故以役诸侯？」仲几曰：「三代各异物，薛焉得有旧为宋役，亦其职也。」士弥牟曰，晋之从政者新，子姑受功。归，吾视诸故府。」仲几曰：「纵子忘之，山川鬼神其忘诸乎？」士伯怒谓韩简子曰，薛徵于人，宋徵于鬼，宋罪大矣。且己无辞而抑我，以神诬我也，启宠纳侮，其此之谓矣。必以仲几为戮。」乃执仲几以归。三月，归诸京师。城三旬而毕，乃归，诸侯之戌齐高张后，不从诸侯。晋女叔宽曰：「周苌弘、齐高张，皆将不免。苌叔违天，高子违人。天之所坏，不可支也，众之所为，不可奸也。 |
| | The first year [of his reign]. Spring, the first month of the king's calendar. On the Xinsi day, Jin Wei Shu convened the ministers of various feudal lords at Di Quan, intending to build the city of Cheng Zhou. Duke Wei presided over the administration. Wei Biaoxi said, "To establish a Son of Heaven and yet change positions to issue commands is not righteousness. Committing great affairs that violate righteousness will surely bring grave misfortune; if Jin does not lose the feudal lords, Duke Wei himself may not escape punishment!" On this expedition, Wei Xianzi assigned the labor duties to Han Jianzi and Yuan Shouguo, while hunting in Dalu, he set it on fire. He returned and died at Ning; Fan Xianzi removed his cypress coffin, because he had hunted before receiving orders. Meng Yizi participated in the construction of Chengzhou. On the Gengyin day, Zai: Song Zhongji did not accept the reward, saying, "Teng, Xue, and Ni are my duties." The ruler of Xue said, "Song acted immorally and cut off our small state from Zhou, forcing us to go to Chu. Hence, we have always followed Song. Duke Wen of Jin made an alliance at Jian Tu saying: 'All my allied states shall resume their former positions.'" "If following the Jian Tu alliance, or if following Song, we will obey your command." Zhong Ji said, "The Jian Tu alliance is indeed so." The ruler of Xue said: "My illustrious ancestor Xi Zhong lived in Xue and served as the chariot official for Xia. Xi Zhong moved to Pi, Zhong Hui resided in Xue, serving as the left prime minister of Tang. "If we resume our former duties, we shall inherit royal offices; why then should we serve the feudal lords?" Zhong Ji said: "The Three Dynasties each had different customs; how could Xue retain its old status? Serving Song is also our duty." Shi Mimou said, "The officials governing Jin are new; you may temporarily accept the reward. "When I return, I will consult the old archives." Zhong Ji said: "Even if you forget it, would the mountains, rivers, and spirits of the land forget it?" Shi Bo was angry and said to Han Jianzi: "Xue appeals to people, while Song appeals to ghosts; the crime of Song is great indeed. Moreover, without justification they suppress us and accuse me with divine matters; to invite favor while inviting insult—this is what it means. Zhong Ji must be executed." They then arrested Zhong Ji and brought him back. In March, they were returned to the capital. The city was completed in thirty days; then they returned. The garrisons of the feudal lords followed Duke Gao Zhang of Qi and did not obey the other feudal lords. Jin Nü Shukuan said: "Zhou Changhong of Zhou and Gao Zhang of Qi will both not escape punishment. "Changshu defied Heaven, while Master Gao defied people. What Heaven intends to destroy cannot be supported; what the multitude do together cannot be corrupted.
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夏，叔孙成子逆公之丧于乾侯。季孙曰：「子家子亟言于我，未尝不中吾志也。吾欲与之从政，子必止之，且听命焉。」子家子不见叔孙，易几而哭。叔孙请见子家子，子家子辞曰：「羁未得见，而从君以出。君不命而薨，羁不敢见。」叔孙使告之曰：「公衍、公为实使群臣不得事君。若公子宋主社稷，则群臣之愿也，凡从君出而可以入者，将唯子是听。子家氏未有后，季孙愿与子从政，此皆季孙之愿也，使不敢以告，对曰，若立君，则有卿大夫与守龟在，羁弗敢知，若从君者，则貌而出者，入可也，寇而出者，行可也。若羁也，则君知其出也，而未知其入也，羁将逃也。」丧及坏隤，公子宋先入，从公者皆自坏隤反。六月，癸亥，公之丧至自乾侯。戊辰，公即位。』季孙使役如阚公氏，将沟焉。荣鴐鹅曰：「生不能事，死又离之，以自旌也。纵子忍之，后必或耻之。」乃止，季孙问于荣鴐鹅曰：「吾欲为君谥，使子孙知之。」对曰：「生弗能事，死又恶之，以自信也。将焉用之？」乃止，秋，七月，癸巳，葬昭公于墓道南。孔子之为司寇也，沟而合诸墓。昭公出故，季平子祷于炀公。九月，立炀宫。 |
| | In summer, Shu Sun Chengzi went to Qianhou to meet the Duke's funeral procession. Ji Sun said: "Zijiazi often speaks to me, and his words have never failed to hit the mark of my thoughts. "I want to entrust him with political affairs, but you must stop me and listen to his words." Zijiazi did not see Shu Sun, changed the bier, and wept. Shu Sun requested to meet Zijiazi, but Zijiazi declined, saying: "I have not yet had the chance to see you in person and followed the lord out. The lord did not issue an order but passed away; I dare not appear before you." Shu Sun sent a message to inform him, saying: "Gong Yan and Gong Wei are the ones who actually prevented the ministers from serving the lord. If your noble son Song takes charge of the state, it would be the ministers' wish. All those who followed the lord out and can return will follow only your orders. "The Ji Sun family wishes to associate with you in governance; these are all Ji Sun's desires. I was afraid to inform them, and replied: If a new lord is to be established, there are high-ranking officials and diviners who can decide it; this is beyond my knowledge. But if we follow the late lord, those who left respectfully may return, while those who fled like bandits should continue on their way." "As for me personally, the lord knew I left but did not know whether I would return. Therefore, I shall flee." The funeral procession reached Huaidu. Gongzi Song entered first, and those who had followed the duke all returned from Huaidu. In June, on the Genghai day, the funeral of the Duke arrived from Qianhou. On the Wuchen day, the Duke ascended the throne." Ji Sun sent laborers to Kang Gong's family, intending to dig a ditch there. Rong Gage said: "When alive they could not serve him; after death, to separate from him is to proclaim one's own guilt. Even if you endure it now, someone will surely feel ashamed of this later." They then stopped. Ji Sun asked Rong Gage, saying: "I wish to give the late lord a posthumous name so that descendants will know it." He replied: "When he was alive, we could not serve him well; after his death, we criticize him—this is to believe in ourselves. What need would there be for that?" They then stopped. In autumn, seventh month, on the Gusi day, Duke Zhao was buried to the south of the tomb road. When Confucius served as Kuo, he dug a ditch and merged all the tombs together. Because Duke Zhao had left [the country], Ji Pingzi made an offering at Yang Gong's shrine. In September, the Yang Palace was established.
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周巩简公弃其子弟，而好用远人。 |
| | The Zhou Gong Jian Gong abandoned his own sons and younger brothers, preferring to use distant people instead.
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| | 定公三年: |
三年，春，王正月，公如晋，至河乃复。 |
| | In the third year, spring, the first month of the reign of King Wang, the Duke went to Jin, but upon reaching the Yellow River he returned.
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二月，辛卯，邾子穿卒。 |
| | In the second month, on the Xinmao day, Zhu Zi Chuan died.
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夏，四月。 |
| | Summer, fourth month.
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秋，葬邾庄公。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Zhu Zhuang was buried.
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冬，仲孙何忌及邾子盟于拔。 |
| | In winter, Zhongsun Heji and Duke Zhu formed an alliance at Ba.
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| | 定公三年: |
三年，春，二月，辛卯，邾子在门台，临廷，阍以瓶水沃廷，邾子望见之，怒。阍曰：「夷射姑旋焉。」命执之，弗得，滋怒，自投于床，废于炉炭，烂遂卒，先葬以车五乘，殉五人。庄公卞急而好洁，故及是。秋九月，鲜虞人败晋师于平中，获晋观虎，恃其勇也。 |
| | In the third year, spring, second month, on the Xinmao [day], Duke Zhu was at Men Tai, standing in the court. A gatekeeper poured water from a jar onto the court; Duke Zhu saw this and became angry. The gatekeeper said: "Yi Shegu is responsible for it." An order was given to arrest him, but he could not be found. Duke Zhu became even more angry and threw himself onto the bed, then collapsed into a brazier of hot coals. Lan Sui died as a result. He was buried first with five chariots and five people were sacrificed along with him. Duke Zhuang of Zhu was hasty-tempered and fond of cleanliness, hence he came to this end. In autumn, ninth month, the Xianyu people defeated a Jin army at Pingzhong and captured Jin Guan Hu, who was overconfident in his own bravery.
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冬，盟于郯。修邾好也。 |
| | In winter, an alliance was formed at Tan. To mend relations with Zhu.
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蔡昭侯为两佩与两裘以如楚，献一佩一裘于昭王。昭王服之，以享蔡侯。蔡侯亦服其一。子常欲之，弗与。三年止之。唐成公如楚，有两肃爽马，子常欲之，弗与。亦三年止之。唐人或相与谋，请代先从者，许之。饮先从者酒，醉之，窃马而献之子常。子常归唐侯。自拘于司败，曰，君以弄马之故，隐君身，弃国家，群臣请相夫人以偿马，必如之。」唐侯曰：「寡人之过也。二三子无辱。」皆赏之，蔡人闻之，固请而献佩于子常。子常朝，见蔡侯之徒，命有司曰：「蔡君之久也，官不共也。明日礼不毕，将死。」蔡侯归及汉，执玉而沈，曰：「余所有济汉而南者，有若大川！」蔡侯如晋，以其子元与其大夫之子为质焉，而请伐楚。 |
| | Cai Zhao Hou made two pendants and two robes to present in the state of Chu, offering one pendant and one robe to King Zhao. King Zhao wore them and held a banquet for Lord Cai. Lord Cai also wore one of them. Zi Chang wanted it, but Lord Cai did not give it to him. After three years, he stopped giving them. Duke Cheng of Tang went to Chu and had two Suoshuang horses; Zi Chang wanted them, but they were not given. After three years as well, he stopped giving them. Some people from Tang conspired together and requested to replace the attendants who had gone first; this was agreed upon. They gave wine to the original attendants, got them drunk, stole the horses, and presented them to Zi Chang. Zi Chang returned Duke Tang. He confined himself to the Office of Punishment and said, "Because of a play horse, you have concealed your person, abandoned the state and country. The ministers request that Lady Tang be made their wife in exchange for the horses; they must do as such." Duke Tang said: "It is my fault." "Let none of you be dishonored." He rewarded them all. When the people of Cai heard about it, they earnestly requested and presented a pendant to Zi Chang. When Zi Chang went to court, he saw the attendants of Lord Cai and ordered the officials: "Lord Cai has been here for a long time, yet his officials have not served properly. If the rites are not completed in full tomorrow, they will be put to death." When Lord Cai returned and reached the Han River, he held up his jade and threw it into the river, saying: "If there is anyone who can help me cross the Han River to the south, may this great river bear witness!" Lord Cai went to Jin and offered his son Yuan and the sons of his ministers as hostages, while requesting an attack on Chu.
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| | 定公四年: |
四年，春，王二月，癸巳，陈侯吴卒。 |
| | In the fourth year [of the reign period], spring, the second month of the king's calendar, on the Gusi day, Lord Chen Wu died.
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三月，公会刘子、晋侯、宋公、蔡侯、卫侯、陈子、郑伯、许男、曹伯、莒子、邾子、顿子、胡子、滕子、薛伯、杞伯、小邾子、齐国夏于召陵，侵楚。 |
| | In the third month, the Duke met with Liu Zi, Jin Hou, Song Gong, Cai Hou, Wei Hou, Chen Zi, Zheng Bo, Xu Nan, Cao Bo, Ju Zi, Zhu Zi, Dun Zi, Hu Zi, Teng Zi, Xue Bo, Qi Bo, Xiao Zhu Zi, and Qi Guo Xia at Zhaoling, and they invaded Chu.
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夏，四月，庚辰，蔡公孙姓帅师灭沈，以沈子嘉归，杀之。五月，公及诸侯盟于皋鼬。 |
| | In summer, the fourth month, on the Gengchen day, Cai Gongsun Xing led his troops to destroy Shen. He brought back Shen Zi Jia and killed him. In the fifth month, the Duke and the feudal lords concluded an alliance at Gao You.
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杞伯成卒于会。 |
| | Qi Bo Cheng died during the conference.
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六月，葬陈惠公。 |
| | In the sixth month, Lord Chen Hui was buried.
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许迁于容城。 |
| | Xu moved to Rongcheng.
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秋，七月，公至自会。 |
| | In autumn, the seventh month, the Duke returned from the conference.
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刘卷卒。 |
| | Liu Juan died.
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葬杞悼公。 |
| | Qi Dao Gong was buried.
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楚人围蔡。 |
| | The people of Chu besieged Cai.
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晋士鞅、卫孔圉帅师伐鲜虞。 |
| | Jin Shi Yang and Wei Kong Yu led their troops to attack Xianyu.
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葬刘文公。 |
| | Lord Liu Wen was buried.
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冬，十有一月，庚午，蔡侯以吴子及楚人战于柏举，楚师败绩。楚囊瓦出奔郑。庚辰，吴入郢。 |
| | In winter, the eleventh month, on the Gengwu day, Lord Cai led Wu Zi to fight against the people of Chu at Baiju, and the Chu army suffered a crushing defeat. Chu Nangwa fled to Zheng. On the Gengchen day, Wu forces entered Ying.
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| | 定公四年: |
四年，春，三月，刘文公合诸侯于召陵，谋伐楚也。晋荀寅求货于蔡侯，弗得。言于范献子曰：「国家方危，诸侯方贰，将以袭敌，不亦难乎！水潦方降，疾疟方起，中山不服，弃盟取怨，无损于楚，而失中山，不如辞蔡侯。吾自方城以来，楚未可以得志，祗取勤焉。」乃辞蔡侯。晋人假羽旄于郑，郑人与之。明日，或旆以会。晋于是乎失诸侯。将会，卫子行敬子言于灵公曰，会同难，啧有烦言，莫之治也。其使祝佗从。」公曰善，乃使子鱼。子鱼辞曰：「臣展四体，以率旧职，犹惧不给，而烦刑书。若又共二，徼大罪也。且夫祝，社稷之常隶也。社稷不动，祝不出竟，官之制也，君以军行，祓社衅鼓，祝奉以从，于是乎出竟。若嘉好之事，君行师从，卿行旅从，臣无事焉。」公曰：「行也！」及皋鼬，将长蔡于卫。卫侯使祝佗私于苌弘曰：「闻诸道路，不知信否。若闻蔡将先卫，信乎？」苌弘曰：「信。蔡叔，康叔之兄也，先卫，不亦可乎？」子鱼曰：「以先王观之，则尚德也。昔武王克商，成王定之，选建明德，以藩屏周。故周公相王室以尹天下，于周为睦。分鲁公以大路大旗，夏后氏之璜，封父之繁弱，殷民六族，条氏，徐氏，萧氏，索氏，长勺氏，尾勺氏，使帅其宗氏，辑其分族，将其类丑，以法则周公，用即命于周。是使之职事于鲁，以昭周公之明德。分之土田倍敦，祝宗卜史，备物典策，官司彝器，因商奄之民，命以伯禽，而封于少皞之虚。分康叔以大路，少帛，綪茷，旃旌，大吕，殷民七族，陶氏，施氏，繁氏，锜氏，樊氏，饥氏，终葵氏，封畛土略，自武父以南，及圃田之北竟，取于有阎之土，以共王职。取于相土之东都，以会王之东蒐，聃季授土，陶叔授民，命以康诰，而封于殷虚，皆启以商政，疆以周索。分唐叔以大路密须之鼓，阙巩沽洗，怀姓九宗，职官五正。命以唐诰，而封于夏虚，启以夏政，疆以戎索。三者皆叔也，而有令德，故昭之以分物。不然，文、武、成、康之伯犹多，而不获是分也，唯不尚年也。管蔡启商，惎间王室，王于是乎杀管叔而蔡蔡叔，以车七乘，徒七十人。其子蔡仲，改行帅德，周公举之，以为己卿士，见诸王，而命之以蔡。其命书云：『王曰：胡无若尔考之违王命也！』若之何其使蔡先卫也，武王之母弟八人，周公为太宰，康叔为司寇，聃季为司空，五叔无官，岂尚年哉？曹文之昭也，晋，武之穆也。曹为伯甸，非尚年也。今将尚之，是反先王也。晋文公为践土之盟，卫成公不在，夷叔，其母弟也，犹先蔡。其载书云，王若曰，晋重，鲁申，卫武，蔡甲午，郑捷，齐潘，宋王臣，莒期，藏在周府，可覆视也。吾子欲复文武之略，而不正其德，将如之何？」苌弘说，告刘子，与范献子谋之，乃长卫侯于盟。反自召陵，郑子大叔未至而卒。晋赵简子为之临甚哀，曰，黄父之会，夫子语我九言曰，无始乱，无怙富，无恃宠，无违同，无敖礼，无骄能，无复怒，无谋非德，无犯非义。』」 |
| | In the fourth year, spring, in the third month, Lord Liu Wen convened the feudal lords at Zhaoling to plot an attack on Chu. Jin Xun Yin requested gifts from Lord Cai, but did not obtain them. He said to Fan Xianzi: "The state is in a precarious situation, and the feudal lords are disunited. To launch an attack on the enemy under such circumstances will not be easy at all!" "The rain is heavy, malaria is prevalent, Zhongshan has not submitted, and abandoning the alliance will only bring resentment. This action would cause no harm to Chu but result in losing Zhongshan. It would be better to decline Lord Cai." "Since our campaign from Fangcheng, we have not yet been able to achieve success against Chu; we would only bring upon ourselves exhaustion and hardship." Thus, they declined Lord Cai. The people of Jin requested ceremonial feathers and banners from Zheng, and the people of Zheng granted them. The next day, some used banners to attend the conference. 𝑙 At this point, Jin lost the support of the feudal lords. Before the conference, Wei Zixing Jingzi said to Duke Ling: "It is difficult to convene an alliance. There are many complaints and criticisms; no one can manage them." 略 "Perhaps you should send Zhu Tuo along with us." The duke replied, "You speak well," and thus sent Zi Yu. Zi Yu declined, saying: "I can barely manage my duties by using all four limbs to fulfill the responsibilities of my office, and I still fear that it will not be sufficient. To add the burden of legal matters would only cause more trouble." "To take on another responsibility is to invite a great crime." Moreover, the duties of the shu are part of the regular responsibilities for the state and ancestral temples. "The state and ancestral temples are not in motion, so the shu should not leave the borders; this is the established rule for officials. When a ruler leads an army campaign, he purifies the ancestral temple and sacrifices to the war drum, and the shu accompanies him with these offerings—only then may they cross the border." "If it is a matter of friendly diplomacy, when the ruler goes, he is followed by an army; when an official goes, he is accompanied by travelers. In such cases, I have no duties to perform." The duke said: "Then go!" When they arrived at Gao You, they intended to place Cai in a position of precedence over Wei. Duke Wei sent Zhu Tuo privately to Zhang Hong, saying: "I have heard rumors on the road; I do not know whether they are true or not." "If I hear that Cai will be placed before Wei, is this true?" Zhang Hong said: "Yes, it is true." "Lord Cai was the elder brother of Lord Kang. To place him before Wei would not be unreasonable, would it?" Zi Yu said: "Judging by the example of previous kings, we should value virtue above all." "In ancient times, King Wu defeated Shang, and King Cheng established order. He selected those with virtuous conduct to serve as vassals in order to protect the Zhou dynasty." "Therefore, Duke of Zhou assisted the royal court and governed the world; thus harmony was maintained within the Zhou." "He granted Lord Lu the great chariot, the grand banner, the Hua of Xia Hou Shi, the bow of Fengfu, and six clans of former Shang people: Tiao Shi, Xu Shi, Xiao Shi, Suo Shi, Changshao Shi, Weishao Shi. He ordered them to lead their ancestral lineages, unite their branches, and manage their related groups in accordance with the example set by Duke of Zhou, so that they might receive their mandate from the Zhou." This was to assign them official duties within Lu, in order to demonstrate the virtuous conduct of Duke of Zhou. He granted them double the amount of land and fields, as well as priests, ancestral officials, diviners, historians, complete sets of ritual objects, official records, and ceremonial vessels. He incorporated the people of Shang and Yan, appointed Bo Qin to rule over them, and established their fief in the ruins of Shaogao. He granted Lord Kang the great chariot, fine silk, ceremonial ribbons and banners, colorful flags, the large bell Dalv, seven Shang clans: Tao Shi, Shi Shi, Fan Shi, Qi Shi, Fan Shi (possibly a variant), Ji Shi, Zhongkui Shi. He assigned them land boundaries from Wufu in the south to the northern border of Putian, taking territory from Youyan to fulfill their duties for the king. They took territory from the eastern capital of Xiangtu to participate in the king's eastern hunting expeditions. Dan Ji was assigned land, Tao Shi was given people, and they were commanded according to Kanggao, being established at the ruins of Yin. All these were governed with Shang administrative practices but bordered by Zhou regulations. He granted Lord Tang the great chariot, drums from Mixu, ceremonial vessels such as Que Gong Gu Xi, and nine lineages of the Huai surname, along with five key officials. He commanded them according to Tanggao and established their fief at the ruins of Xia, governing with Xia administrative practices but bordering it with Rong regulations. These three were all younger brothers, yet they possessed virtuous conduct; therefore, their virtues were honored by granting them these distinctions and possessions. Otherwise, there were many elder brothers of King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and Lord Kang who did not receive such distinctions; this was because virtue, rather than age, was valued. Guan and Cai initiated rebellion with the Shang remnants, plotting to undermine the royal court. The king therefore executed Guan Shu and exiled Lord Cai to a remote place, sending him there in seven chariots and accompanied by seventy footmen. His son, Cai Zhong, reformed his conduct and led with virtue. Duke of Zhou appointed him as an official in the royal court, presented him to the king, and granted him the fief of Cai. The decree stated: "The king said: 'Hu must not follow in your father's footsteps by defying the royal command!'" How then can Cai be placed before Wei? King Wu had eight maternal uncles, among whom Duke of Zhou was Taicai (Grand Minister), Lord Kang was Sikou (Minister of Justice), and Dan Ji was Sikong (Minister of Works). The other five uncles held no official positions—was this because they were valued for their age? Cao Wen is the descendant of the Zhaogong line, while Jin is descended from the Muguang line of King Wu. Cao was granted a position as a marquis in the outer regions—not because of seniority. To value this now would be to go against the example set by previous kings. When Duke Wen of Jin convened the alliance at Jiantu, Duke Cheng of Wei was not present. Yi Shu, his maternal younger brother, still took precedence over Cai. The written record stated: "As the king said, 'Jin Zhong, Lu Shen, Wei Wu, Cai Jiawu, Zheng Jie, Qi Pan, Song Wangchen, Ju Qi'—these records are stored in the Zhou court and can be reviewed." "If your lord wishes to restore the strategies of King Wen and King Wu but does not uphold virtue, how will he manage it?" Zhang Hong was pleased. He informed Liu Zi and discussed the matter with Fan Xianzi, and thus decided to place Duke Wei in a position of precedence at the alliance. Returning from Zhaoling, Zi Dashi of Zheng had not yet arrived when he died. Jin Zhao Jianzi mourned for him with great sorrow, saying: "At the conference at Huangfu, Master spoke nine words to me: 'Do not initiate chaos; do not rely on wealth; do not depend on favor; do not defy unity; do not despise propriety; do not be arrogant in talent; do not repeat anger; do not plot against virtue; and do not act contrary to righteousness.'"
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沈人不会于召陵，晋人使蔡伐之。夏，蔡灭沈。秋，楚为沈故，围蔡。伍员为吴行人以谋楚。楚之杀郤宛也，伯氏之族出。伯州犁之孙嚭为吴大宰以谋楚。楚自昭王即位，无岁不有吴师，蔡侯因之，以其子乾与其大夫之子为质于吴，冬，蔡侯、吴子、唐侯伐楚。舍舟于淮汭，自豫章与楚夹汉。左司马戌谓子常曰，子沿汉而与之上下，我悉方城外以毁其舟，还塞大隧，直辕，冥厄，子济汉而伐之，我自后击之，必大败之。」既谋而行。武城黑谓子常曰，吴用木也，我用革也，不可久也，不如速战。」史皇谓子常：「楚人恶子而好司马。若司马毁吴舟于淮，塞城口而入，是独克吴也。子必速战不然，不免。」乃济汉而陈，自小别至于大别。三战，子常知不可，欲奔。史皇曰，安求其事，难而逃之，将何所入，子必死之，初罪必尽说。」十一月，庚午，二师陈于柏举。阖庐之弟夫概王，晨请于阖庐曰，楚瓦不仁，其臣莫有死志。先伐之，其卒必奔。而后大师继之，必克。」弗许，夫概王曰：「所谓『臣义而行，不待命』者，其此之谓也。今日我死，楚可入也。」以其属五千先击子常之卒，子常之卒奔，楚师乱，吴师大败之。子常奔郑。史皇以其乘广死。吴从楚师，及清发，将击之，夫概王曰：「困兽犹斗，况人乎若知不免，而致死，必败我。若使先济者知免，后者慕之，蔑有斗心矣。半济而后可击也。」从之，又败之。楚人为食，吴人及之，奔，食而从之，败诸雍澨。五战，及郢。己卯，楚子取其妹季芊、畀我以出，涉雎。针尹固与王同舟，王使执燧象以奔吴师。庚辰，吴入郢，以班处宫。子山处令尹之宫，夫概王欲攻之，惧而去之，夫概王入之，左司马戌及息而还，败吴师于雍澨，伤。初，司马臣阖庐，故耻为禽焉。谓其臣曰：「谁能免吾首？」吴句卑曰：「臣贱，可乎？」司马曰：「我实失子，可哉！」三战皆伤，曰，吾不用也已，句卑布裳，刭而裹之，藏其身，而以其首免。楚子涉睢济江，入于云中，王寝，盗攻之，以戈击王，王孙由于以背受之，中肩，王奔郧，锺建负季芊以从，由于徐苏而从。郧公辛之弟怀将弑王，曰：「平王杀吾父，我杀其子，不亦可乎？」辛曰：「君讨臣，谁敢雠之君命，天也。若死天命，将谁雠《诗》曰：『柔亦不茹，刚亦不吐。不侮矜寡，不畏强御』，唯仁者能之。违强陵弱，非勇也，乘人之约，非仁也，灭宗废祀，非孝也，动无令名，非知也。必犯是，余将杀女，斗辛与其弟巢以王奔随。吴人从之，谓随人曰：「周之子孙在汉川者，楚实尽之。天诱其衷，致罚于楚，而君又窜之，周室何罪？君若顾报周室，施及寡人，以奖天衷，君之惠也。汉阳之田，君实有之。」楚子在公宫之北，吴人在其南。子期似王，逃王，而己为王，曰，以我与之，王必免，随人卜与之，不吉，乃辞吴曰：「以随之辟小，而密迩于楚，楚实存之。世有盟誓，至于今未改。若难而弃之，何以事君执事之患，不唯一人。若鸠楚竟，敢不听命？」吴人乃退。炉金初官于子期氏，实与随人耍言，王使见辞曰：「不敢以约为利。」王割子期之心，以与随人盟。初，伍员与申包胥友。其亡也，谓申包胥曰：「我必复楚国。」申包胥曰：「勉之子能复之，我必能兴之。」及昭王在随，申包胥如秦乞师，曰，吴为封豕长蛇，以荐食上国，虐始于楚。寡君失守社稷，越在草莽，使下臣告急曰，夷德无厌，若邻于君，疆场之患也，逮吴之未定，君其取分焉。若楚之遂亡，君之土也。若以君灵抚之，世以事君。」秦伯使辞焉，曰：「寡人闻命矣。子姑就馆，将图而告。」对曰，寡君越在草莽，未获所伏，下臣何敢即安？」立依于庭墙而哭，日夜不绝声，勺饮不入口七日。秦哀公为之赋无衣，九顿首而坐。秦师乃出。 |
| | The people of Shen did not attend the conference at Zhaoling. The Jin forces sent Cai to attack them. In summer, Cai destroyed Shen. In autumn, because of the destruction of Shen, Chu besieged Cai. Wu Yuan served as an envoy for Wu to plot against Chu. When Chu killed Xi Wan, the clan of Bo Shi fled. Bo Zhouli's grandson Pi became the Grand Minister of Wu to plot against Chu. Since King Zhao of Chu ascended the throne, Wu forces attacked every year. Lord Cai took advantage of this situation and sent his son Qian along with the sons of his ministers as hostages to Wu. In winter, Lord Cai, Wu Zi, and Tang Hou launched an attack on Chu. They left their boats at Huairui in the Huai River and advanced from Yuzhang to confront Chu across the Han River. Zuo Sima Xu said to Zichang: "You should follow the Han River and maneuver up and down with them, while I will lead my forces outside Fangcheng to destroy their boats. Then we can block the Da sui Pass, Zhuyuan, and Minge. When you cross the Han River to attack them, I will strike from behind, and we shall surely defeat them decisively." They carried out their plan accordingly. Wu Chenghei said to Zichang: "The Wu army relies on wooden weapons, while we use leather armor and equipment. Their supplies cannot last long; it is better for us to fight quickly." Shi Huang said to Zichang: "The people of Chu despise you but favor the Sima. "If the Sima destroys Wu's boats in the Huai, blocks the entrance to Chengkou and enters, then he alone will have defeated Wu." "You must fight quickly. Otherwise, you cannot avoid disaster." Thus, Zichang crossed the Han River and deployed his troops from Xiaobie to Dabie. After three battles, Zichang realized that defeat was inevitable and wanted to flee. Shi Huang said: "How can you seek safety in abandoning your duty? To flee from hardship will leave no place for you to go. You must fight to the death; only then will your original guilt be fully atoned." In the eleventh month, on Gengwu day, the two armies deployed for battle at Baiju. Ge Lu's younger brother Fu Gai Wang, early in the morning, requested from Ge Lu: "Lord Chu Nangwa is unkind; his subjects have no determination to die for him." "If we attack first, their soldiers will surely flee." "Then the main force can follow and achieve victory for sure." This was not approved. Fu Gai Wang said: "What is meant by 'a minister acts in accordance with righteousness and does not wait for orders'—this must be what it refers to." "Today, I shall die, but this will allow us to enter Chu." He led his 5,000 men and attacked Zichang's forces first. Zichang's troops fled, the Chu army fell into chaos, and Wu decisively defeated them. Zichang fled to Zheng. Shi Huang died while defending his chariot and position. The Wu forces pursued the retreating Chu army and reached Qingfa. They were about to attack, but Fu Gai Wang said: "Even a cornered beast will fight; how much more so for men? If they know defeat is inevitable and fight with desperation, we shall surely be defeated." "If those who cross the river first know they can escape, those following will envy them and lose their fighting spirit." "We should wait until half of them have crossed before attacking." They followed this advice and defeated the Chu forces again. The people of Chu were preparing food when Wu forces caught up with them. The Chu soldiers fled, but the Wu pursued and defeated them at Yongshi. After five battles, they reached Ying. On the Jimao day, King Chu took his sister Ji Qian and Bi Wo with him as he fled, crossing the Ju River. Zhen Yin Gu was on the same boat as the king. The king ordered him to carry a torch and a sacrificial elephant to flee toward Wu's forces. On the Gengchen day, the Wu forces entered Ying and occupied the palace in order of rank. Zi Shan occupied the residence of the Lingyin. Fu Gai Wang wanted to attack him but, fearing resistance, withdrew instead. Fu Gai Wang then entered the residence. Left Sima Xu reached Xi and returned, defeating Wu forces at Yongshi and sustaining injuries in the process. Originally, Sima Chen was a subject of Ge Lu; therefore, he considered it a disgrace to be captured by him. He said to his subordinates: "Who among you can save my head?" Wu Goubi said, "I am lowly and insignificant. Would that be acceptable?" The Sima said: "It was indeed my fault to have lost you; it is acceptable!" After being wounded in three battles, he said: "I am of no further use." Goubi tore his lower garment and wrapped the head in it, concealing his body while saving the head. King Chu crossed the Ju River and forded the Yangtze, entering Yunzhong. While the king was sleeping, bandits attacked him, striking with a halberd. Wang Sun Yuyou took the blow on his back, sustaining an injury to his shoulder. The king fled to Yun, where Zhong Jian carried Lady Ji Qian in pursuit, and Yuyou slowly recovered consciousness before following along. Yun Gong Xin's younger brother Huai intended to assassinate the king, saying: "King Ping killed my father. Should I not kill his son? Is that not justified?" Xin said: "When a ruler punishes an official, who dares to resent it? The king's command is the will of Heaven." "If death comes by the mandate of Heaven, whom should we resent?" The "Poem" says: "Soft things are not swallowed, and hard ones are not spat out." "Do not humiliate the weak or the widow; do not fear the strong or the powerful"—only a benevolent person can achieve this. "To defy the strong and bully the weak is not bravery; to take advantage of someone in distress is not benevolence; to destroy a clan and abandon its ancestral rites is not filial piety; and to act without earning a good reputation is not wisdom." "If you must commit these transgressions, I will kill you." Dou Xin and his brother Chao fled with the king to Sui. The Wu forces followed them and told the people of Sui: "Among the descendants of Zhou in the Han River region, it was Chu that exterminated them all. "Heaven has shown its will and inflicted punishment upon Chu, yet you have driven the king into hiding—what crime has the Zhou dynasty committed?" "If you would consider repaying the Zhou dynasty and extend your kindness to me, rewarding Heaven's will, that would be your grace." "The farmland in Hanyang is truly yours to possess." King Chu was located north of the Gonggong, while Wu forces were stationed south of it. Zi Qi resembled the king and escaped with him, pretending to be the king himself. He said: "Give me up to them, and the king will surely be spared." The people of Sui divined whether they should hand him over, but it was considered inauspicious. They therefore refused Wu's request, saying: "Sui is a small and remote state, closely situated near Chu; it was actually Chu that preserved us. "There have been oaths of alliance through generations, which remain unbroken to this day." "If we abandon the oath in times of hardship, how can we serve our lord? The burden on those entrusted with responsibility is not limited to one person." "If you wish to destroy Chu entirely, how dare we refuse your command?" The Wu forces then withdrew. Lu Jin had initially served in the household of Zi Qi Shi and was actually involved in secret negotiations with the people of Sui. The king sent a message saying: "We do not dare to regard an alliance as something for personal gain." The king cut out Zi Qi's heart and used it to form an oath of allegiance with the people of Sui. Originally, Wu Yuan was friends with Shen Baoxu. When he fled, Wu Yuan said to Shen Baoxu: "I will surely restore the state of Chu." Shen Baoxu replied, "Strive for it. If you can restore it, I will surely be able to revive it." When King Zhao was in Sui, Shen Baoxu went to the state of Qin to request military aid and said: "Wu is like a crouching boar and a long serpent, repeatedly preying upon superior states. Its cruelty began with Chu." "My lord has lost control of his state and now lingers in the wilderness. He sends me, your humble servant, to plead for help: The Wu people are insatiable in their cruelty. If they border upon you, it will be a threat to your frontier lands. While Wu is still unsettled, I beg you, take your share of advantage." "If Chu should finally perish, the land would become yours." "If you use your divine power to restore it, we will serve you for generations." Lord Qin sent a reply saying: "I have heard your words and understand the matter. "You may go to your quarters for now, and I will deliberate on it before giving you an answer." Shen Baoxu responded: "My lord lingers in the wilderness, having not yet found a place to submit. How dare I take comfort?" He stood by the courtyard wall and wept without ceasing, day or night, not taking a single sip of water for seven days. King Ai of Qin composed the poem "Wu Yi" in response and bowed nine times before sitting down. The Qin forces then marched out.
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| | 定公五年: |
五年，春，王三月，辛亥，朔，日有食之。 |
| | In the fifth year [of the reign period], spring, the third month of the king's calendar, on the Xinhai day, new moon; there was a solar eclipse.
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夏，归粟于蔡。 |
| | In summer, millet was sent to Cai (Cai).
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于越入吴。 |
| | Yu Yue entered Wu.
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六月，丙申，季孙意如卒。 |
| | In the sixth month, on the Bingshen day, Ji Sun Yiru died.
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秋，七月，壬子，叔孙不敢卒。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month, on the Renzi day, Shu Sun Bu Gan died.
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冬，晋士鞅帅师围鲜虞。 |
| | In winter, Jin Shi Yang led an army to besiege Xianyu.
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| | 定公五年: |
五年，春，王人杀子朝于楚，夏，归粟于蔡，以周亟，矜无资。越入吴，吴在楚也。 |
| | In the fifth year, spring, royal officials killed Zi Chao in Chu. In summer, millet was returned to Cai because of Zhou's urgency; this was out of compassion for those without resources. Yu Yue entered Wu, which at that time was in Chu.
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六月，季平子行东野。还未至，丙申，卒于房，阳虎将以璵璠敛，仲梁怀弗与，曰：「改步改玉。」阳虎欲逐之，告公山不狃。不狃曰：「彼为君也，子何怨焉？」既葬，桓子行东野，及费子泄为费宰，逆劳于郊，桓子敬之。劳仲梁怀，仲梁怀弗敬。子泄怒，谓阳虎：「子行之乎？」 |
| | In the sixth month, Ji Pingzi traveled to Dongye. He had not yet arrived, and on the Bingshen day died in Fang. Yang Hu intended to use Yu Fan for his burial shroud, but Zhongliang Huai did not give it, saying: "One changes one's pace and also one's jade." Yang Hu wanted to expel him and informed Gongshan Buniu. Buniu said: "He acted for the lord; what grievance do you have against him?" After the burial, Huansunzi traveled to Dongye, and Feizi Xie served as governor of Fei. He met and welcomed him at the outskirts; Huansunzi respected him. He honored Zhongliang Huai, but Zhongliang Hui did not show respect. Feizi Xie became angry and said to Yang Hu: "Will you carry it out?"
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申包胥以秦师至。秦子蒲、子虎帅车五百乘以救楚。子蒲曰：「吾未知吴道。」使楚人先与吴人战，而自稷会之，大败夫概王于沂，吴人获薳射于柏举，其子帅奔徒以从，子西败吴师于军祥，秋，七月，子期、子蒲灭唐。九月，夫概王归，自立也，以与王战而败，奔楚为堂溪氏，吴师败楚师于雍澨，秦师又败吴师。吴师居麇，子期将焚之，子西曰：「父兄亲暴骨焉，不能收，又焚之，不可。」子期曰，国亡矣，死者若有知也，可以歆旧祀，岂惮焚之？」焚之而又战，吴师败。又战于公婿之溪，吴师大败，吴子乃归。囚闉舆罢。闉舆罢请先，遂逃归。叶公诸梁之弟后臧从其母于吴，不待而归。叶公终不正视。 |
| | Shen Baoxu brought the Qin army. Qin Zi Pu and Zi Hu led 500 chariots to rescue Chu. Zi Pu said: "I do not yet know the ways of Wu." He ordered the Chu people to fight the Wu forces first, while he himself joined them at Ji. They greatly defeated Wugai Wang at Yi. The Wu captured Wei She at Baiju; his son led a group of followers in pursuit. Zi Xi defeated the Wu army at Junxiang. In autumn, seventh month, Ziqi and Zipu destroyed Tang. In the ninth month, Wugai Wang returned and declared himself ruler. He fought against the king but was defeated and fled to Chu, where he became the Tangxi clan. The Wu army defeated the Chu forces at Yongshi, but the Qin army again defeated the Wu troops. The Wu forces occupied Jun. Ziqi intended to burn it, but Zi Xi said: "There are the bones of our fathers and elder brothers exposed there; we cannot recover them, yet now we would burn them? That is not acceptable." Ziqi said: "The state has perished. If the dead have knowledge, they might be pleased by the old sacrifices; how could they fear being burned?" After burning it and then engaging in battle, the Wu forces were defeated. Another battle took place at Gongxu's Xi, where the Wu army was heavily defeated, and thus King Wu returned. Yin Yu Bai was imprisoned. Yin Yubai requested to go first and thus fled back. Ye Gong Zhuliang's younger brother Houzang followed his mother to Wu but returned without waiting. Ye Gong never looked at him with approval.
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乙亥，阳虎囚季桓子，及公父文伯，而逐仲梁怀。冬，十月，丁亥，杀公何藐。己丑，盟桓子于稷门之内，庚寅，大诅。逐公父歜及秦遄，皆奔齐。 |
| | On the Yihai day, Yang Hu imprisoned Ji Huansunzi and Gongfu Wenbo, and expelled Zhonglianghuai. In winter, tenth month, on the Dinghai day, Gong He Miao was killed. On the Jichou day, an alliance with Huansunzi took place inside Ji Gate; on the Gengyin day, a great oath was taken. Gongfu Chu and Qin Chuan were expelled and both fled to Qi.
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楚子入于郢，初，斗辛闻吴人之争宫也，曰，吾闻之，不让则不和，不和不可以远征，吴争于楚，必有乱，有乱则必归，焉能定楚，王之奔随也，将涉于成臼。蓝尹亹涉其帑，不与王舟。及宁，王欲杀之。子西曰：「子常唯思旧怨以败，君何效焉。」王曰，善，使复其所，吾以志前恶。」王赏斗辛，王孙由于，王孙圉，锺建，斗巢，申包胥，王孙贾，宋木，斗怀，子西曰：「请舍怀也。」王曰：「大德灭小怨，道也。」申包胥曰：「吾为君也，非为身也。君既定矣，又何求？且吾尤子旗，其又为诸，遂逃赏，王将嫁季芊，季芊辞曰，所以为女子，远丈夫也，锺建负我矣，以妻锺建，以为乐尹，王之在随也，子西为王舆服以保路，国于脾泄。闻王所在，而后从王。王使由于城麇，复命，子西问高厚焉，弗知。子西曰：「不能，如辞。城不知高厚小大，何知？」对曰，固辞不能，子使余也，人各有能有不能。王遇盗于云中，余受其戈，其所犹在，袒而示之背，曰，此余所能也，脾泄之事，余亦弗能也，晋士鞅围鲜虞，报观虎之役也。 |
| | King Chu entered Ying. Initially, Dou Xin, upon hearing of the Wu people's contention over the palace, said: "I have heard that without yielding there is no harmony; without harmony, one cannot undertake distant expeditions. The Wu are contending within Chu and will surely face internal disorder. With disorder, they must return. How could they stabilize Chu? When King Wu fled to Sui, he would pass through Chengjiu." Lan Yin Men crossed his treasury and did not provide the king with a boat. When they reached Ning, the king wanted to kill him. Zi Xi said: "Zichang failed only because he dwelled on old grievances; how can the lord imitate that?" The king said, "Well spoken," and ordered him to return to his post, saying, "I will remember this as a lesson from past evils." The king rewarded Dou Xin, Wangsun Yu, Wangsun Yu, Zhong Jian, Dou Chao, Shen Baoxu, Wangsun Jia, Song Mu, and Dou Huai. Zi Xi said: "I request that Huai be spared." The king said: "Great virtue overcomes small grievances; this is the way." Shen Baoxu said: "I acted for the lord, not for myself. "Now that the lord has been stabilized, what more do I seek?" Moreover, I especially blame Ziqi. If he were to become a minister again, I would flee the reward." The king intended to marry Ji Qian off, but Ji Qian declined, saying: "The reason for being a woman is to be distant from men. Zhong Jian has already taken me as his wife and was appointed as Yue Yin. When the king was in Sui, Zi Xi provided royal carriages and attire to secure the road, establishing the state at Pixie. He heard of where the king was located before following him. The king sent Yu You to build a city at Jun. Upon returning his report, Zi Xi asked about the height and thickness of the walls; he did not know. Zi Xi said: "If you cannot do it, then resign." "How can one who does not know the height and thickness of a city wall know anything?" He replied: "I firmly declined, saying I could not do it. You, my lord, assigned the task to me; people each have their abilities and limitations." The king encountered bandits in Yunzhong. I took up his spear, and the wound is still there; I bared my back to show it, saying: "This was something I could do. As for the matter at Pixie, that too I cannot." Jin Shi Yang surrounded Xianyu as a retaliation for the Guanhu campaign.
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| | 定公六年: |
六年，春，王正月。癸亥，郑游速帅师灭许，以许男归。 |
| | The sixth year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang]. On the Guihai day, Zheng Yousu led his troops to destroy Xu and brought back Duke Nan of Xu.
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二月，公侵郑。公至自侵郑。 |
| | In the second month, Gong invaded Zheng. Gong returned from his campaign against Zheng.
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夏。 |
| | Summer.
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季孙斯，仲孙何忌，如晋。 |
| | Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji went to Jin.
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秋，晋人执宋行人乐祁犁。 |
| | In autumn, the people of Jin arrested Yue Qili, an envoy from Song.
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冬，城中城。 |
| | In winter, they built a city within the city walls.
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季孙斯、仲孙忌帅师围郓。 |
| | Jisun Si and Zhongsun Ji led their troops to besiege Yun.
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| | 定公六年: |
六年，春，郑灭许，因楚败也。 |
| | The sixth year, spring: Zheng destroyed Xu as a result of the defeat by Chu.
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二月，公侵郑，取匡，为晋讨郑之伐胥靡也。往不假道于卫，及还，阳虎使季孟自南门入，出自东门，舍于豚泽。卫侯怒，使弥子瑕追之。公叔文子老矣，辇而如公，曰，尤人而效之，非礼也，昭公之难，君将以文之舒鼎，成之昭兆，定之鞶鉴，苟可以纳之，择用一焉，公子与二三臣之子，诸侯苟忧之，将以为之质，此群臣之所闻也。今将以小忿蒙旧德，无乃不可乎？大姒之子，唯周公、康叔为相睦也，而效小人以弃之，不亦诬乎天将多阳虎之罪以毙之，君姑待之，若何？」乃止。 |
| | In the second month, Gong launched an invasion against Zheng and captured Kuang, in retaliation for Jin's campaign against Zheng over the attack on Xumi. When going, he did not request passage through Wei; and upon returning, Yang Hu sent Ji Meng to enter through the southern gate and exit through the eastern gate, staying at Tunze. Duke Wei was angry and dispatched Mi Zixia to pursue them. Gongshu Wenzǐ was already old, yet he was carried in a palanquin to the court and said: "To blame others and imitate them is not according to rites. During Duke Zhao's difficulties, you were going to use Wen's Shuding, Cheng's Zhaomao, Ding's Panjian; if any of these could be accepted, choose one. The sons of the marquises and a few ministers, should the feudal lords worry about them, would take them as hostages—this is what all the ministers have heard." Now you are going to let a minor grievance overshadow past kindness; this seems not advisable, does it not? "The sons of Dasi were only the Duke of Zhou and Kangshu who maintained harmony, yet you imitate petty people to abandon them; is this not a false accusation? Heaven will heap many crimes upon Yang Hu in order to destroy him. You had better wait for it, how about that?" Then he stopped.
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夏，季桓子如晋，献郑俘也。阳虎强使孟懿子往报夫人之币。晋人兼享之。孟孙立于房外，谓范献子曰：「阳虎若不能居鲁，而息肩于晋，所不以为中军司马者，有如先君！」献子曰，寡君有官，将使其人，鞅何知焉？」献子谓简子曰：「鲁人患阳虎矣。孟孙知其衅，以为必适晋，故强为之请，以取入焉。」 |
| | In summer, Ji Huanzi went to Jin, presenting the captives from Zheng as tribute. Yang Hu forcibly made Meng Yizi go and return gifts for Lady Fu. The people of Jin entertained him with a combined banquet. Mengsun stood outside the room and said to Fan Xianzi, "If Yang Hu cannot remain in Lu and instead rests his shoulders in Jin, if I do not recommend him as the commander of the central army, may it be as if our ancestors had never existed!" Xianzi said, "My lord has his own officials; he will appoint the right person. How could I know about it?" Xianzi told Jianzi, "The people of Lu are troubled by Yang Hu now." "Mengsun knows about the opportunity and believes that he will certainly go to Jin, so he strongly requested it on his behalf in order to secure an entry."
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四月，己丑，吴大子终累败楚舟师，获潘子臣，小惟子，及大夫七人。楚国大惕，惧亡。子期又以陵师败于繁扬。令尹子西喜曰：「乃今可为矣。」于是乎迁郢于鄀，而改纪其政，以定楚国。 |
| | On the Jichou day of the fourth month, Crown Prince Zhonglei of Wu defeated the naval forces of Chu and captured Pan Zichen, Xiao Weizi, and seven other high-ranking officials. The state of Chu was greatly alarmed and feared its own downfall. Ziqi again suffered a defeat by land forces at Fanyang. Lingyi Zixi happily said, "Now it is indeed possible to act." At this time, they moved Ying to Ruo and reformed their administration in order to stabilize the state of Chu.
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周儋翩率王子朝之徒，因郑人将以作乱于周，郑于是乎伐冯、滑、胥靡、负黍、狐人、阙外。六月，晋阎没戍周，且城胥靡。 |
| | Zhou Danpian led the followers of Prince Chao, taking advantage of the people of Zheng to plan a rebellion in Zhou. As a result, Zheng launched an attack on Feng, Hua, Xumi, Fushu, Huren, and Quewai. In the sixth month, Yan Me of Jin garrisoned Zhou and also built a city at Xumi.
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秋，八月，宋乐祁言于景公曰：「诸侯唯我事晋，今使不往，晋其憾矣。」乐祁告其宰陈寅。陈寅曰：「必使子往。」他日，公谓乐祁曰：「唯寡人说子之言，子必往。」陈寅曰，子立后而行，吾室亦不亡，唯君亦以我为知难而行也。」见溷而行。赵简子逆而饮之酒于绵上，献杨楯六十于简子。陈寅曰，昔吾主范氏，今子主赵氏，又有纳焉，以杨楯贾祸，弗可为也已，然子死晋国，子孙必得志于宋。」范献子言于晋侯曰：「以君命越疆而使，未致使而私饮酒，不敬二君，不可不讨也。」乃执乐祁。 |
| | In autumn, the eighth month, Yue Qili said to Duke Jing of Song: "Among all the feudal states, only we serve Jin. Now if our envoy does not go, Jin will surely be resentful." Yue Qili informed his chief minister Chen Yin. Chen Yin said, "You must send you to go." On another day, the duke told Yue Qili: "Only I appreciate your words; you must definitely go." Chen Yin said, "You should appoint a successor before leaving. My family will not perish either; only the lord would also consider me as someone who understands difficulties and sends me on this mission." He left after seeing the latrine. Zhao Jianzi met him and entertained him with wine at Mianshang, presenting sixty yang shen shields to Jianzi. Chen Yin said, "In the past I served the Fan clan; now you serve the Zhao clan. To receive more gifts and use yang shen shields as a means to invite disaster is no longer feasible. However, if you die for Jin State, your descendants will surely achieve their ambitions in Song." Fan Xianzi said to the ruler of Jin, "To cross borders and serve as an envoy under your command without first fulfilling the mission and then privately drinking wine is disrespectful toward both rulers. It cannot go unpunished." They arrested Yue Qili.
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阳虎又盟公及三桓于周社，盟国人于亳社，诅于五父之衢。 |
| | Yang Hu again concluded an alliance with Gong and the Three Huan at Zhou She, made a covenant with the common people at Bo She, and performed curses on Wu Fu Zhi Qu.
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冬，十二月，天王处于姑莸，辟儋翩之乱也。 |
| | In winter, the twelfth month, the Heavenly King took refuge in Gujuan to avoid the turmoil caused by Danpian.
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| | 定公七年: |
七年，春，王正月。 |
| | The seventh year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang].
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夏，四月。 |
| | Summer, fourth month.
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秋，齐侯、郑伯盟于咸。 |
| | Autumn, the Duke of Qi and the Duke of Zheng formed an alliance at Xian.
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齐人执卫行人北宫结以侵卫。齐侯、卫侯盟于沙。 |
| | The people of Qi captured Bei Gongjie, a diplomatic envoy of Wei, in order to invade Wei. The Duke of Qi and the Duke of Wei formed an alliance at Sha.
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大雩。 |
| | A grand rain-summoning ceremony was held.
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齐国夏帅师伐我西鄙。 |
| | The Qi general Xia led an army to attack our western borderlands.
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九月，大雩。冬十月。 |
| | In the ninth month, a grand rain-summoning ceremony was conducted. Winter, tenth month.
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| | 定公七年: |
七年，春，二月，周儋翩入于仪栗以叛。 |
| | The seventh year, spring, second month, Zhou Danpian entered Yili and rebelled.
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齐人归郓、阳关，阳虎居之以为政。 |
| | The people of Qi returned Yun and Yangguan to us; Yang Hu occupied them and used them as a base for governance.
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夏，四月，单武公，刘桓公，败尹氏于穷谷。 |
| | liğinde Summer, fourth month, the Marquis Wu of Shan and the Duke Huan of Liu defeated the Yin clan at Qionggu Valley.
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秋，齐侯、郑伯盟于咸，徵会于卫。卫侯欲叛晋，诸大夫不可。使北宫结如齐，而私于齐侯曰：「执结以侵我。」齐侯从之，乃盟于琐。齐国夏伐我。阳虎御季桓子，公敛处父御孟懿子，将宵军齐师。齐师闻之，堕，伏而待之。处父曰：「虎不图祸，而必死。」苫夷曰，虎陷二子于难，不待有司，余必杀女，虎惧，乃还，不败。 |
| | Autumn, the Duke ofqi and the Duke of Zheng formed an allegiance at Xian, summoning Wei to join their assembly. The Duke of Wei wanted to rebel against Jin, but the various high officials did not agree. He sent Bei Gongjie to Qi, and privately told the Duke of Qi: "Arrest Jie in order to attack us." The Duke of Qi followed his suggestion, so they formed an alliance at Suo. General Xia of Qi attacked us. Yang Hu led Ji Huanzi, Gong Lian Chufu led Meng Yi zi, and they planned to attack the Qi army at night. The Qi army heard about it, withdrew, and lay in ambush waiting for them. Chufu said: "Hu does not consider the calamity ahead but is determined to die." Shanyi said, "Hu has put the two gentlemen into danger. I will personally kill you without waiting for the authorities." Fearing this, Hu retreated and did not suffer a defeat.
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冬，十一月，戊午，单子、刘子逆王于庆氏。晋籍秦逆王，己巳，王入于王城，馆于公族党氏，而后朝于庄宫。 |
| | In winter, on the Wufu day of the eleventh month (, Singlezi and Liuzi went to Qing Shi to meet the King. Jin Ji Qin went to meet the king; on the Jisi day, the King entered Wangcheng, stayed at Gongzu Dang Shi's residence, and then paid homage at Zhuanggong.
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| | 定公八年: |
八年，春，王正月，公侵齐。公至自侵齐。 |
| | In the eighth year [of his reign], spring, the King's first month, the Duke of Jin invaded Qi. The duke returned from his expedition against Qi.
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二月，公侵齐。三月，公至自侵齐。 |
| | In the second month, the Duke invaded Qi. In the third month, the duke returned from his expedition against Qi
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曹伯露卒。 |
| | Duke Lu of Cao died.
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夏，齐国夏帅师伐我西鄙。 |
| | In summer, Xia Guoxia led the Qi forces to attack our western borderlands.
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公会晋师于瓦。公至自瓦。 |
| | The duke met with the Jin army at Wa. The duke returned from Wa.
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秋，七月，戊辰，陈侯柳卒。 |
| | In autumn, the seventh month, on the Wuchen day, Duke Liu of Chen died.
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晋士鞅帅师侵郑，遂侵卫。 |
| | Shi Yang of Jin led an army to invade Zheng and then proceeded to invade Wei.
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葬曹靖公。 |
| | Cao Jinggong was buried.
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九月，葬陈怀公。 |
| | In the ninth month, Chen Huaigong was buried.
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季孙斯、仲孙何忌帅师侵卫。 |
| | Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji led an army to invade Wei.
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冬，卫侯、郑伯盟于曲濮。 |
| | In winter, the Marquis of Wei and Duke Bo of Zheng formed an alliance at Qupu.
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从祀先公。 |
| | The ancestors were included in the sacrificial rites alongside the reigning sovereign.
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盗窃宝玉大弓。 |
| | Thieves stole a precious jade and a great bow.
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| | 定公八年: |
八年，春，王正月，公侵齐，门于阳州。士皆坐列，曰：「颜高之弓六钧。」皆取而传观之。阳州人出，颜高夺人弱弓，籍丘子锄击之，与一人俱毙。偃且射子锄，中颊，殪，颜息射人中眉，退曰：「我无勇，吾志其目也。」师退，冉猛伪伤足而先。其兄会乃呼曰：「猛也殿！」 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, in the King's first month, Duke of Jin invaded Qi and attacked Yangzhou. The soldiers all sat in rows and said: "Yan Gao's bow weighs six jun." They all took it and passed it around to look at. A man from Yangzhou came out, Yan Gao seized a weak bow from someone else; Ji Qiu Zichu attacked him, and both he and another person died. Yan shot at Zichu, hitting his cheek and killing him. Yan Xi shot a man in the eyebrow and then retreated, saying: "I am not brave; I only aimed for his eyes." The army withdrew, and Ran Meng pretended to be wounded in the foot and fled first. His elder brother Hui then shouted: "Meng will bring up the rear!"
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三月，己丑，单子伐谷城，刘子伐仪栗，辛卯，单子伐简城，刘子伐盂，以定王室。 |
| | In the third month, on the Jichou day, Danchi attacked Gucheng; Liuzi attacked Yili. On the Xinmao day, Danchi attacked Jiancheng and Liuzi attacked Yu in order to stabilize the royal court.
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赵鞅言于晋侯曰，诸侯唯宋事晋，好逆其使，犹惧不至，今又执之，是绝诸侯也，将归乐祁，士鞅曰：「三年止之，无故而归之，宋必叛晋。」献子私谓子梁曰：「寡君惧不得事宋君，是以止子。子姑使溷代子。」子梁以告陈寅。陈寅曰：「宋将叛晋，是弃溷也，不如待之。」乐祁归卒于大行，士鞅曰：「宋必叛，不如止其尸以求成焉。」乃止诸州。 |
| | Zhao Yang said to the Duke of Jin: "Among the feudal lords, only Song serves Jin. We should treat its envoys kindly, yet we still fear they may not come; now if we arrest them again, this will cut off relations with the feudal lords. We should return Yue Qi." Shi Yang said: "We have restrained him for three years. If we release him without cause, Song will surely rebel against Jin." Xianzi privately told Ziliang: "Our lord fears that he may not be able to serve Duke of Song, so we have detained you. "Why don't you let Hun substitute for you?" Ziliang informed Chen Yin of this. Chen Yin said: "Song is about to rebel against Jin, and that would abandon Hun; it's better to wait." Yue Qi died on his way back in Daxing. Shi Yang said: "Song will surely rebel; it is better to stop the corpse and seek a settlement." They then stopped him at Zhou.
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公侵齐，攻廪丘之郛。主人焚冲，或濡马褐以救之，遂毁之，主人出，师奔。阳虎伪不见冉猛者，曰：「猛在此，必败。」猛逐之，顾而无继，伪颠。虎曰：「尽客气也。」 |
| | The duke invaded Qi and attacked the outer walls of Linqiu. The defenders set fire to the ramming equipment; some dampened their horse cloaks to put out the flames, but it was destroyed anyway. When the defenders came out, the attacking forces fled. Yang Hu pretended not to see Ran Meng and said: "If Meng is here, we will surely be defeated." Meng chased after them. Glancing back and seeing no one following, he pretended to fall down. Hu said: "He is just showing off bravado."
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苫越生子，将待事而名之。阳州之役获焉，名之曰阳州」。 |
| | Shan Yue's wife gave birth to a son, and they planned to name him after the matter was settled. "He was captured in the battle of Yangzhou; we named him Yangzhou."
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夏，齐国夏、高张伐我西鄙。晋士鞅，赵鞅，荀寅，救我，公会晋师于瓦，范献子执羔，赵简子、中行文子皆执雁。鲁于是始尚羔。 |
| | In summer, Guoxia and Gao Zhang of Qi attacked our western borderlands. Shi Yang, Zhao Yang, and Xun Yin of Jin came to our aid. The duke met with the Jin forces at Wa. Fan Xianzi presented a lamb; Zhao Jianzi and Zhonghang Wenzhi both presented geese. At this time, Lu began to value lambs as offerings.
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晋师将盟卫侯于鄟泽，赵简子曰。 |
| | The Jin forces were about to form an alliance with the Marquis of Wei at Zanzhe, said Zhao Jianzi.
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群臣谁敢盟卫君者，涉佗、成何曰：「我能盟之。」卫人请执牛耳。成何曰：「卫，吾温、原也。焉得视诸侯？」将歃，涉佗捘卫侯之手，及捥。卫侯怒，王孙贾趋进曰：「盟以信礼也。有如卫君，其敢不唯礼是事，而受此盟也？」卫侯欲叛晋，而患诸大夫。王孙贾使次于郊，大夫问故。公以晋诟语之，且曰：「寡人辱社稷，其改卜嗣，寡人从焉。」大夫曰：「是卫之祸，岂君之过也？」公曰：「又有患焉，谓寡人『必以而子与大夫之子为质』。」大夫曰，苟有益也。公子则往，群臣之子，敢不皆负羁绁以从？将行，王孙贾曰，苟卫国有难，工商未尝不为患，使皆行而后可，公以告大夫，乃皆将行之。行有日，公朝国人，使贾问焉，曰：「若卫叛晋，晋五伐我，病何如矣？」皆曰：「五伐我，犹可以能战。」贾曰：「然则如叛之，病而后质焉，何迟之有？」乃叛晋，晋人请改盟，弗许。 |
| | "Which minister dares to form an alliance with Duke of Wei?" Shetuo and Cheng He said: "We can form the alliance." The people of Wei requested to hold the ox's ear. Cheng He said: "Wei is our Wen and Yuan." "How can it be treated as an equal among the feudal lords?" As they were about to sip from the sacrificial cup, Shetuo held the Marquis of Wei's hand up to his wrist. The Marquis of Wei was angry. Wangsun Jia hurried forward and said: "An alliance is made in the spirit of trust and ritual." "If Duke Wei dares not to follow only rites, then why would he accept this alliance?" The Marquis of Wei wanted to rebel against Jin but was concerned about the high-ranking officials. Wangsun Jia ordered him to stay in the suburbs, and when the high officials asked why, the duke told them about the disgrace from Jin and added: "I have brought shame to our state; perhaps we should choose another heir, and I will follow his lead." The high officials said: "This is a calamity for Wei, but how can it be the lord's fault?" The duke said: "There is another problem. They told me, 'You must send your son and the sons of the high officials as hostages.'" The high officials said: "If it would be beneficial." "If the prince goes, how could we not have all our sons carry bridles and reins to follow?" As they were about to depart, Wangsun Jia said: "If Wei is in trouble, the merchants and artisans have never failed to cause problems. We must send them all along before it will be acceptable." The duke informed the high officials of this, and so they all prepared to go. When the day of departure was set, the duke summoned the common people and had Jia ask them: "If Wei rebels against Jin, Jin will attack us five times. How much suffering would that bring?" They all said: "Even if they attack us five times, we can still fight." Jia said: "If that is so, then why not rebel first? We would suffer and then offer hostages. What's the rush?" They then rebelled against Jin. The people of Jin requested to renegotiate the alliance, but it was not accepted.
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秋，晋士鞅会成桓公侵郑，围虫牢，报伊阙也。遂侵卫。 |
| | In autumn, Shi Yang of Jin met with Duke Huan of Cheng and invaded Zheng, surrounding Chonglao as a retaliation for Yique. They then proceeded to invade Wei.
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九月，师侵卫，晋故也。 |
| | In the ninth month, the army invaded Wei; this was due to Jin's instigation.
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季寤，公锄极，公山不狃，皆不得志于季氏，叔孙辄无宠于叔孙氏，叔仲志不得志于鲁，故五人因阳虎。阳虎欲去三桓，以季寤更季氏，以叔孙辄更叔孙氏，己更孟氏，冬，十月，顺祀先公而祈焉。辛卯，禘于僖公。壬辰，将享季氏于蒲圃而杀之，戒都车曰：「癸巳至。」成宰公敛处父告孟孙曰：「季氏戒都车，何故？」孟孙曰：「吾弗闻。」处父曰：「然则乱也。必及于子，先备诸。」与孟孙以壬辰为期。阳虎前驱，林楚御桓子，虞人以铍、盾夹之，阳越殿。将如蒲圃，桓子咋谓林楚曰：「而先皆季氏之良也，尔以是继之。」对曰：「臣闻命后。阳虎为政，鲁国服焉，违之徵死，死无益于主。」桓子曰：「何后之有而能以我适孟氏乎？」对曰：「不敢爱死，惧不免主。」桓子曰：「往也！」孟氏选圉人之壮者三百人，以为公期筑室于门外。林楚怒，马及衢而骋，阳越射之，不中。筑者阖门。有自门间射阳越，杀之。阳虎劫公与武叔以伐孟氏。公敛处父，帅成人，自上东门入与阳氏战于南门之内，弗胜，又战于棘下，阳氏败，阳氏说甲如公宫，取宝玉大弓以出，舍于五父之衢，寝而为食其徒曰：「追其将至。」虎曰，鲁人闻余出，喜于徵死，何暇追余，从者曰：「嘻速驾，公敛阳在。」公敛阳请追之，孟孙弗许。阳欲杀桓子，孟孙惧而归之。子言辨舍爵于季氏之庙而出，阳虎入于欢、阳关以叛。 |
| | Ji Wu, Gongchu Ji, Gongshan Buniu, and others were all discontented with the Ji family; Shusun Zhe was not favored by the Shusun family; and Shuzhong Zhi was also discontented in Lu. Therefore, these five men allied themselves with Yang Hu. Yang Hu wanted to remove the Three Huan families, replacing Ji Wu as head of the Ji family, Shusun Zhe as head of the Shusun family, and himself as head of Meng's family. In winter, in the tenth month, he conducted a proper ancestral sacrifice and made offerings for blessings. On the Xinmao day, he performed the di ceremony at Duke Xi's temple. On the Rencheng day, they planned to hold a banquet for the Ji family at Pupu and kill them. They ordered the city chariots: "Be ready by the Guisi day." Cheng Zai Gonglian Chufu informed Mengsun: "The Ji family has ordered the city chariots to be on standby. Why?" Mengsun said: "I have not heard of it." Chufu said: "Then this must be a plot to cause chaos. It will surely reach you; prepare for it in advance." He set the Renchen day as a date with Mengsun. Yang Hu led the vanguard, Lin Chu drove Huanzi's chariot, and a 虞 official flanked them with halberds and shields; Yang Yue brought up the rear. As they were heading to Pupu, Huanzi suddenly said to Lin Chu: "You are all among the best of the Ji family. You must continue in this way." Lin Chu replied: "I have heard your command, my lord." "Yang Hu is in power; the people of Lu obey him. To defy him means certain death, and dying would be of no benefit to you." Huanzi said: "What difference does it make? Can you still take me to Meng's family?" Lin Chu replied: "I would not dare to cherish death; I fear that my lord cannot be saved." Huanzi said: "Go ahead!" The Meng family selected three hundred strong stablemen and had them build a house for Gongqi outside the gate. Lin Chu was angry, his horse reached the crossroads and galloped off; Yang Yue shot at him but missed. The builders closed the gate. Someone shot through a gap in the gate at Yang Yue and killed him. Yang Hu seized the duke and Wushu to attack Meng's family. Gonglian Chufu led the people of Cheng from Shangdong Gate and entered, fighting Yang Hu's forces inside Nanmen. They were not victorious, so they fought again at Jixia. The Yang faction was defeated. Yang Hu stripped off his armor and went to the palace, took away a precious jade and great bow, then left and stayed in Wufu Qu. While sleeping, he prepared food for his followers and said: "They will soon be coming after us." Yang Hu said: "The people of Lu, upon hearing that I have left, are overjoyed at the thought of escaping death; they will have no time to chase after me." His follower said: "Haha, hurry up and drive! Gonglian Yang is here!" Gonglian Yang requested to pursue them, but Mengsun did not agree. Yang Hu wanted to kill Huanzi, and fearing this, Mengsun returned him. Ziyan Bian set down his wine cup at the Ji family's temple and left; Yang Hu entered Huan and Yangguan to rebel.
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郑驷歂嗣子大叔为政。 |
| | Si Chuan of Zheng succeeded his son Doushi as ruler.
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| | 定公九年: |
九年，春，王正月。 |
| | The ninth year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang].
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夏，四月，戊申，郑伯虿卒。 |
| | In summer, the fourth lunar month, on the Wushen day, Duke Zheng She died.
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得宝玉、大弓。 |
| | The precious jade and great bow were obtained.
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六月，葬郑献公。 |
| | In the sixth lunar month, Duke Xian of Zheng was buried.
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秋，齐侯，卫侯，次于五民。 |
| | In autumn, Lord Qi and Lord Wei took up quarters at Wumin.
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秦伯卒。 |
| | Lord Qin died.
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冬，葬秦哀公。 |
| | In winter, Duke Ai of Qin was buried.
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| | 定公九年: |
九年，春，宋公使乐大心盟于晋，且逆乐祁之尸。辞，伪有疾。乃使向巢如晋盟，且逆子梁之尸。子明谓桐门右师出，曰吾犹衰绖，而子击锺，何也，右师曰：「丧不在此故也。」既而告人曰，已衰绖而生子，余何故舍，锺子明闻之，怒，言于公曰：「右师将不利戴氏，不肯适晋，将作乱也。不然，无疾。」乃逐桐门右师。 |
| | The ninth year, spring: Gong of Song sent Yue Daxin to make an alliance with Jin, and also to escort the corpse of Yue Qi back. He declined, feigning illness. So they sent Xiang Chao to Jin to make an alliance, and also to escort back the corpse of Zi Liang. Ziming said to Youshi Chui of Tongmen: "I am still in mourning, yet you are beating the bells. Why is that?" Youshi replied: "Because the funeral rites do not take place here." Later, he told others: "I am in mourning but have given birth to a son. Why should I abandon the bells?" When Zuming heard this, he was angry and reported to the Duke saying: "Youshi is going to be harmful to the Dai clan; he refuses to go to Jin and will cause chaos." "No," he said. "I do not have an illness." So they expelled Youshi of Tongmen.
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郑驷歂杀邓析，而用其《竹刑》。君子谓：「子然于是不忠。苟有可以加于国家者，弃其邪可也，《静女》之三章，取彤管焉。《竿旄》『何以告之』，取其忠也。故用其道，不弃其人。《诗》云：『蔽芾甘棠，勿翦勿伐，召伯所茇。』思其人，犹爱其树，况用其道而不恤其人乎子然无以劝能矣。」 |
| | Si Shuang of Zheng killed Deng Xi, but adopted his "Bamboo Code." The gentlemen said: "Ziran was disloyal in this matter." If there is anything that can be beneficial to the state, one may discard evil. The third chapter of "Jingnv" refers to taking the red bamboo. In "Ganmao," the line "How can I inform him?" is taken for its meaning of loyalty. Therefore, they adopted his principles but did not abandon the person. The "Odes" say: "The luxuriant tamarind tree, do not cut it down or destroy it; this is where Shao Bo once rested." Thinking of the person, one still loves his tree; how much more so should one care for a person whose principles are adopted? Ziran had no way to encourage ability.
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夏，阳虎归宝玉、大弓。书曰「得」，器用也。凡获器用曰得，得用焉曰获。六月，伐阳关，阳虎使焚莱门。师惊，犯之而出。奔齐，请师以伐鲁，曰：「三加，必取之。」齐侯将许之。鲍文子谏曰，臣尝为隶于施氏矣，鲁未可取也。上下犹和，众庶犹睦，能事大国，而无天灾，若之何取之，阳虎欲勤齐师也，齐师罢，大臣必多死亡，已于是乎奋其诈谋。夫阳虎有宠于季氏，而将杀季孙，以不利鲁国，而求容焉。亲富不亲仁，君焉用之君富于季氏，而大于鲁国，兹阳虎所欲倾覆也。鲁免其疾，而君又收之，无乃害乎？」齐侯执阳虎，将东之。阳虎愿东，乃囚诸西鄙。尽借邑人之车，锲其轴，麻约而归之。载葱灵，寝于其中而逃。追而得之，囚于齐。又以葱灵逃，奔宋，遂奔晋，适赵氏，仲尼曰：「赵氏其世有乱乎！」 |
| | In summer, Yang Hu returned the precious jade and great bow. The Records say "obtained," referring to the acquisition of ceremonial objects. Whenever ritual objects are acquired, it is recorded as "obtained"; when they are put into use, it is called "gained." In the sixth lunar month, Yang Guan was attacked. Yang Hu ordered the burning of Lai Gate. The army was alarmed and broke through the enemy to escape. He fled to Qi and requested an army to attack Lu, saying: "With three attacks, I will surely capture it." Lord Qi was about to agree to it. Bao Wenzhi advised, saying: "I once served as a subordinate of the Shi clan; Lu is not yet to be taken." The upper and lower classes are still harmonious, the common people remain united; they can serve a great state and have not suffered calamities from Heaven. How then could we take them? Yang Hu wanted to exhaust the army of Qi. When the Qi forces were worn out and many high officials died, he would then launch his deceitful schemes. Yang Hu was favored by the Ji clan but intended to kill Jisun, thus harming Lu State in order to seek favor elsewhere. To be close to wealth but not to benevolence—how can a ruler use such a person? Yang Hu is richer than the Ji clan and more powerful than Lu State; this is precisely what Yang Hu desires to overthrow. "If Lu avoids its calamity, yet you take it in, would that not be harmful?" Lord Qi arrested Yang Hu and intended to send him eastward. Although Yang Hu wished to go east, he was imprisoned in the western frontier instead. They borrowed all the carts of the townspeople, notched their axles, and returned them bound with hemp ropes. They loaded cabbages into a cart, slept inside it, and escaped. He was pursued and captured, then imprisoned in Qi. Again he escaped by hiding among cabbages, fled to Song, and then went on to Jin, where he joined the Zhao clan. Confucius said: "Surely there will be disorder in the Zhao family for generations!"
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秋，齐侯伐晋夷仪。敝无存之父将室之，辞，以与其弟，曰，此役也，不死，反必取于高国，先登，求自门出，死于溜下。东郭书让登，犁弥从之，曰：「子让而左，我让而右，使登者绝而后下。」书左，弥先下。书与王猛息。猛曰：「我先登。」书敛甲曰：「曩者之难，今又难焉。」猛笑曰：「吾从子，如骖之靳。」晋车千乘，在中牟，卫侯将如五氏，卜过之，龟焦。卫侯曰：「可也卫车当其半，寡人当其半，敌矣。」乃过中牟。中牟人欲伐之，卫褚师圃亡在中牟，曰：「卫虽小，其君在焉，未可胜也。齐师克城而骄，其帅又贱，遇，必败之，不如从齐。」乃伐齐师，败之。齐侯致禚、媚、杏于卫。齐侯赏犁弥，犁弥辞曰，有先登者，臣从之，皙帻而衣狸制，公使视东郭书，曰：「乃夫子也，吾贶子。」公赏东郭书，辞曰：「彼宾旅也。」乃赏犁弥。齐师之在夷仪也，齐侯谓夷仪人曰：「得敝无存者，以五家免。」乃得其尸。公三襚之，与之犀轩，与直盖而先归之。坐引者以师哭之，亲推之三。 |
| | In autumn, Lord Qi attacked Yiyi of Jin. The father of Bi Wucun was about to marry her off, but she declined and gave the opportunity to her younger brother. She said: "In this campaign, if we do not die, upon our return we will certainly be taken by Gao Guo. I shall lead the charge and seek an exit through the gate." She died under a eavespout. Dongguo Shu yielded the position to climb, and Limi followed him, saying: "You yield on the left, I will yield on the right. Let those who climbed up be cut off before we descend." Shu went to the left and Mi descended first. Shu rested with Wang Meng. Meng said: "I will climb first." Shu gathered his armor and said: "The hardship of the past has returned today." Meng laughed and said: "I follow you, like a horse held back by its bridle." A thousand Jin chariots were stationed in Zhongmou. Lord Wei was about to go to Wushi, and divined whether he should pass through the area; the oracle bones cracked completely. Lord Wei said: "It is acceptable. Half of Jin's chariots will be met by our own, and half by me personally; we are equal in strength." So he passed through Zhongmou. The people of Zhongmou wanted to attack him, but Wei Chushi Pu had fled and was in Zhongmou; he said: "Although Wei is small, its ruler is there. It cannot be defeated." "The Qi forces have captured the city and grown arrogant; their commander is also contemptible. If they meet, we will surely defeat them. It would be better to follow Qi." So they attacked the army of Qi and defeated it. Lord Qi returned Zuo, Mei, and Xing to Wei. Lord Qi rewarded Limi, who declined and said: "There was one who climbed first; I followed him. He wore a white headpiece and a fox-fur robe." The duke sent someone to look at Dongguo Shu and said: "That is my master. I will reward you." The duke rewarded Dongguo Shu, who declined saying: "He was a guest and traveler." So they rewarded Limi. When the Qi forces were stationed at Yiyi, Lord Qi told the people of Yiyi: "Whoever captures Bi Wucun will be exempted from five families' corvée labor." They then found her corpse. The duke gave three sets of funeral clothes, a rhinoceros-drawn carriage, and a straight canopy to be sent back first. Those seated nearby mourned for her as if she were their teacher; the duke personally pushed the bier three times.
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| | 定公十年: |
十年，春，王三月，及齐平。 |
| | In the tenth year [of the reign period], spring, the King's third month, peace was achieved with Qi.
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夏，公会齐侯于夹谷。公至自夹谷。 |
| | Summer, the Duke met with Lord Qi at Jiagu. The Duke returned from Jiagu.
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晋赵鞅帅师围卫。 |
| | Jin Zhaoyang led his troops to besiege Wei.
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齐人来归郓、欢、龟阴田。 |
| | The people of Qi returned the fields of Yun, Huan, and Guiyin.
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叔孙州仇、仲孙何忌帅师围郈。 |
| | Shu Sun Zhouchou and Zhong Sun Heji led their troops to besiege Hou.
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秋，叔孙州仇、仲孙何忌帅师围郈。 |
| | Autumn, Shu Sun Zhouchou and Zhongsun Heji led their army to besiege Hou.
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宋乐大心出奔曹。宋公子地出奔陈。 |
| | Song Ledaixin fled to Cao. Song Gongzi Di fled to Chen.
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冬，齐侯、卫侯、郑游速会于安甫。 |
| | Winter, Lord Qi, Lord Wei, and Zheng Yusu met at Anfu.
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叔孙州仇如齐。 |
| | Shu Sun Zhouchou went to Qi.
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宋公之弟辰暨仲佗、石彄出奔陈。 |
| | The younger brother of Duke Song, Chen, along with Zhongtuo and Shikui, fled to Chen.
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| | 定公十年: |
十年，春，及齐平。 |
| | In the tenth year, spring, peace was made with Qi.
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夏，公会齐侯于祝其，实夹谷。孔丘相，犁弥言于齐侯曰：「孔丘知礼而无勇，若使莱人以兵劫鲁侯，必得志焉。」齐侯从之。孔丘以公退，曰：「士兵之！两君合好，而裔夷之俘，以兵乱之，非齐君所以命诸侯也。裔不谋夏，夷不乱华，俘不干盟，兵不逼好，于神为不祥，于德为愆义，于人为失礼，君必不然。』齐侯闻之，遽辟之。将盟，齐人加于载书曰：「齐师出竟，而不以甲车三百乘从我者，有如此盟！」孔丘使兹无还揖对曰：「而不反我汶阳之田，吾以共命者，亦如之。」齐侯将享公，孔丘谓梁丘据曰：「齐、鲁之故，吾子何不闻焉？事既成矣，而又享之，是勤执事也。且牺、象不出门，嘉乐不野合。飨而既具，是弃礼也，若其不具，用秕稗也，用秕稗君辱，弃礼名恶，子盍图之？」夫享，所以昭德也。不昭不如其已也，乃不果享。齐人来归郓、欢、龟阴之田。 |
| | Summer, the Duke met Lord Qi at Zhuyi, which is actually Jiagu. Kong Qiu served as the minister. Limi said to Lord Qi, "Kong Qiu knows the rites but lacks courage; if we send Lai people with troops to kidnap Duke Lu, they will surely achieve their purpose." Lord Qi followed his advice. Kong Qiu led the Duke to retreat, saying, "Soldiers, attack!" The two rulers have made peace, yet captives from the distant barbarians use arms to create chaos; this is not how a ruler of Qi should command the feudal lords. The distant barbarians do not plot against the Chinese, the Hu people do not disrupt the Han, captives do not interfere with alliances, and arms do not threaten peace. This would be an ill omen to the gods, a violation of virtue, and a breach of etiquette for humans; you must certainly not allow it." Lord Qi heard this and immediately dismissed them. Before the alliance was concluded, the people of Qi added to the written agreement: "If our army leaves the border and is not followed by 300 war chariots from you, may it be as this oath!" Kong Qiu sent Zi Wuhuan to bow and reply, saying: "If you do not return our fields in Wen Yang, we who follow the command will also act as such." Lord Qi was about to entertain the Duke, and Kong Qiu said to Liangqiu Ju: "What is the custom between Qi and Lu? Have you not heard of it?" The matter has already been settled, yet to entertain him again would be a burden on your duties. Moreover, the sacrificial oxen and elephant trappings should not leave the gate, and joyful music should not be played in the open fields. If you prepare a banquet and have everything ready, it would be abandoning the rites; if not fully prepared, it is like using chaff or weeds. Using chaff brings disgrace to the lord, and abandoning the rites invites a bad reputation. Why don't you think about this?" A banquet is meant to demonstrate virtue. If it cannot be properly demonstrated, it might as well not take place at all. Thus, the banquet was not held after all. The people of Qi returned to us the fields in Yun, Huan and Guiyin.
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晋赵鞅围卫，报夷仪也。初卫侯伐邯郸午于寒氏，城其西北而守之，宵熸，及晋围卫，午以徒七十人门于卫西门，杀人于门中，曰：「请报寒氏之役。」涉佗曰：「夫子则勇矣，然我往，必不敢启门。」亦以徒七十人，旦门焉，步左右，皆至而立，如植。日中不启门，乃退。反役，晋人讨卫之叛故，曰：「由涉佗、成何。」于是执涉佗以求成于卫。卫人不许。晋人遂杀涉佗，成何奔燕。君子曰：「此之谓弃礼，必不钧。《诗》曰：『人而无礼，胡不遄死？』涉佗亦遄矣哉！」 |
| | Jin Zhaoyang besieged Wei, as a retaliation for Yiyi. Originally, Duke Wei attacked Han Shi's 邯郸 Wu at Hanshi, built a city in its northwest and defended it. One night the fire went out. When Jin besieged Wei, Wu led seventy foot soldiers to attack through the western gate of Wei, killing people inside the gate and saying: "Please take revenge for the campaign at Hanshi." Shetuo said: "The master is indeed brave, but if I go there, they will certainly not dare to open the gate." He also led seventy foot soldiers and went to attack at dawn. He walked on both sides, and when they all arrived, they stood as still as trees. At noon the gate was not opened, so they withdrew. After returning from the campaign, the Jin people punished those who had rebelled in Wei, saying: "It was caused by Shetuo and Cheng He." At that time, they captured Shetuo to seek reconciliation with Wei. The people of Wei did not agree. The Jin people then killed Shetuo, and Cheng He fled to Yan. A man of virtue said: "This is what is called abandoning the rites; it will certainly not be balanced. The Book of Songs says: "A person without rites, why should he not die soon?" Shetuo died quickly indeed!"
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初，叔孙成子欲立武叔，公若藐固谏曰：「不可。」成子立之而卒。公南使贼射之，不能杀。公南为马正，使公若为郈宰。武叔既定，使郈马正侯犯杀公若，不能。其圉人曰，「吾以剑过朝，公若必曰：『谁之剑也？』吾称子以告，必观之。吾伪固，而授之未，则可杀也，使如之，公若曰：「尔欲吴王我乎？」遂杀公若。侯犯以郈叛，武叔懿子围郈，弗克。秋，二子及齐师复围郈，弗克。叔孙谓郈工师驷赤曰：「郈非唯叔孙氏之忧，社稷之患也，将若之何？」对曰：「臣之业，在《扬水》卒章之四言矣。」叔孙稽首。驷赤谓侯犯曰：「居齐、鲁之际而无事，必不可矣。子盍求事于齐以临民不然，将叛。」侯犯从之。齐使至，驷赤与郈人为之宣言于郈中，曰：「侯犯将以郈易于齐，齐人将迁郈民。」众凶惧，驷赤谓侯犯曰：「众言异矣。子不如易于齐，与其死也，犹是郈也，而得纾焉，何必此齐人欲以此逼鲁，必倍与子地。且盍多舍甲于子之门，以备不虞？」侯犯曰：「诺。」乃多舍甲焉。侯犯请易于齐，齐有司观郈。将至，驷赤使周走呼曰：「齐师至矣！」郈人大骇，介侯犯之门甲，以围侯犯。驷赤将射之，侯犯止之，曰：「谋免我。」侯犯请行，许之。驷赤先如宿，侯犯殿，每出一门，郈人闭之。及郭门，止之曰，子以叔孙氏之甲出，有司若诛之，群臣惧死。」驷赤曰，叔孙氏之甲有物，吾未敢以出，犯谓驷赤曰：「子止而与之数。」驷赤止而纳鲁人。侯犯奔齐，齐人乃致郈。 |
| | Initially, Shu Sun Chengzi wanted to appoint Wushu as heir. Gongruo Miao firmly advised against it, saying: "It is not advisable." Chengzi appointed him and then died. lı In the southern part of the state, assassins were sent to shoot at him, but they failed to kill him. Gongnan became the official in charge of horses, and he appointed Gongruo as the administrator of Hou. After Wushu had consolidated his position, he ordered Hou Fan, the official in charge of horses at Hou, to kill Gongruo, but failed. His horse keeper said, "I passed by the court with my sword; Gongruo must have asked: 'Whose sword is this?'" If I claim it belongs to you and inform him, he will certainly examine it. If I pretend to be firm and hand him a sword, he can then kill me. He did as instructed; Gongruo said: "Do you want to make me the King of Wu?" He then killed Gongruo. Hou Fan rebelled with Hou, and Wushu Yizi besieged Hou but failed to capture it. Autumn, the two men along with Qi's army once again surrounded Hou, yet still could not conquer it. Shu Sun said to Shishi Si Chi, the official in charge of craftsmen at Hou: "Hou is not only a concern for the Shu Sun family but also a threat to the state. What should we do about it?" He replied, "My duty is already expressed in four lines at the end of the chapter 'Yang Shui'." Shu Sun bowed deeply. Si Chi said to Hou Fan: "To reside at the border of Qi and Lu without incident is impossible." "Why don't you seek a position in Qi to govern the people? Otherwise, they will rebel." Hou Fan followed his advice. A messenger from Qi arrived, and Si Chi made a public announcement in Hou with the people of Hou, saying: "Hou Fan is going to exchange Hou for something from Qi; the people of Qi will relocate the residents of Hou." The common people became fearful; Si Chi said to Hou Fan: "People are saying different things now." It is better for you to seek refuge in Qi. Rather than dying, you will still have Hou and be able to relieve the pressure. Why must these people from Qi want to use this as a pretext to threaten Lu? They will certainly give you more land. "Why don't you store more armor at your gate in preparation for unexpected events?" Hou Fan said, "Yes." So he stored more armor there. Hou Fan requested a change from Qi, and the officials of Qi inspected Hou. As they were about to arrive, Si Chi sent Zhou Zou to shout: "The army of Qi is coming!" The people of Hou were greatly alarmed and took the armor from Hou Fan's gate to surround him. Si Chi was about to shoot, but Hou Fan stopped him, saying: "Help me escape." Hou Fan requested to leave, and it was granted. Si Chi went first to Su, while Hou Fan followed behind; each time they exited a gate, the people of Hou closed it. When they reached the outer gate, someone stopped them and said: "You are leaving with Shu Sun's armor; if the officials punish you for this, all the ministers will fear death." Si Chi said: "The armor of the Shu Sun family has markings; I have not dared to take it out." Hou Fan said to Si Chi: "You stay here and count them for me." Si Chi stayed behind and admitted the people of Lu. Hou Fan fled to Qi, so the people of Qi then returned Hou.
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宋公子地嬖蘧富腊，十一分其室，而以其五与之。公子地有白马四，公嬖向魋，魋欲之。公取而朱其尾、鬣以与之。地怒，使其徒抶魋而夺之，魋惧将走，公闭门而泣之目尽肿，母弟辰曰：「子分室以与猎也，而独卑魋，亦有颇焉。子为君礼，不过出竟，君必止子。」公子地出奔陈，公弗止。辰为之请，弗听。辰曰：「是我迋吾兄也。吾以国人出，君谁与处？」冬，母弟辰暨仲佗、石彄出奔陈。 |
| | Duke Song Gongzi Di favored Qu Fula; he divided his house into eleven parts and gave five of them to him. Gongzi Di had four white horses, which were favored by Gong Bi Xiangtui; Tui wanted them. The Duke took the horses and dyed their tails and manes red before giving them to him. Di was angry and sent his men to beat Tui and take the horses back. Tui, fearing for his life, was about to flee; the Duke shut the door and wept until his eyes were swollen. His maternal younger brother Chen said: "You gave part of your house to Shue but treated Tui alone with contempt; this is somewhat biased." "If you act according to the rites as a subject, you should not go beyond the border. The Duke will surely stop you." Gongzi Di fled to Chen; the Duke did not stop him. Chen made a request on his behalf, but it was not heeded. Chen said: "This is me who has led my elder brother astray." "If I leave with the people of the state, whom will you live with?" Winter, his maternal younger brother Chen along with Zhong Tuo and Shi Kui fled to Chen.
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武叔聘于齐。齐侯享之，曰：「子叔孙若使郈在君之他竟，寡人何知焉属与敝邑际，故敢助君忧之。」对曰：「非寡君之望也。所以事君，封疆社稷是以，敢以家隶勤君之执事夫不令之臣，天下之所恶也，君岂以为寡君赐？」 |
| | Wushu was on an official visit to Qi. Lord Qi entertained him and said: "If your uncle Shu Sun Ruo had placed Hou in another border of the lord, I would have no knowledge. Since it is at the boundary between our two states, I dare to assist you with this concern." He replied: "This is not what my lord expects." "The reason we serve the lord is for the borders and state, so how dare I trouble your officials with matters of my family? A minister who does not follow orders is what all under heaven detests. How could you possibly consider it a favor to our lord?"
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| | 定公十二... : |
十有二年，春，薛伯定卒。 |
| | In the twelfth year [of the reign period], spring, Xue Boding died.
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夏，葬薛襄公。 |
| | Summer, the funeral of Marquis Xue Xianggong was held.
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叔孙州仇帅师堕郈。 |
| | Shusun Zhouchou led his troops to fall into disorder at Hou.
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卫公孟彄帅师伐曹。 |
| | Duke Gongmeng of Wei led an army to attack Cao.
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季孙斯、仲孙何忌帅师堕费。 |
| | Jisun Si and Zhongsun Heji led their troops to fall into disorder at Fei.
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秋，大雩。 |
| | Autumn, a great rain sacrifice was held.
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冬，十月，癸亥，公会齐侯盟于黄。 |
| | Winter, tenth month, on the Guihai day, the duke met with Duke Qi and formed an alliance at Huang.
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十有一月，丙寅，朔，日有食之。 |
| | The eleventh month, on the Bingyin day, new moon; there was a solar eclipse.
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公至自黄。 |
| | The duke returned from Huang.
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十有二月，公围成。公至自围成。 |
| | The twelfth month, the duke besieged Cheng. The duke returned from the siege of Cheng.
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| | 定公十二... : |
十二年，夏，卫公孟彄伐曹。克郊还，滑罗殿。未出，不退于列，其御曰：「殿而在列，其为无勇乎？」罗曰：「与其素厉，宁为无勇。」 |
| | Twelfth year, summer, Duke Gongmeng of Wei attacked Cao. Ke Jiao returned, Hua Luo brought up the rear. Before exiting, they did not fall back into formation; their charioteer said: "To serve as the rearguard yet remain in formation, would that not be considered a lack of courage?" Luo said: "Better to have no courage than to act recklessly."
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仲由为季氏宰。将堕三都。于是叔孙氏堕郈。季氏将堕费，公山不狃、叔孙辄帅费人以袭鲁。公与三子入于季氏之宫，登武子之台，费人攻之，弗克。入及公侧。仲尼命申句须，乐颀，下伐之，费人北，国人追之，败诸姑蔑。二子奔齐。遂堕费，将堕成，公敛处父谓孟孙：「堕成，齐人必至于北门。且成，孟氏之保障也。无成，是无孟氏也。子伪不知，我将不坠。」冬，十二月，公围成，弗克。 |
| | Zhong You became the steward of the Ji family. He was about to bring disorder upon the three capitals. At that time, the Shusun family brought disorder upon Hou. The Ji family was about to bring disorder upon Fei; Gongshan Butniu and Shusun Zhe led the people of Fei in a surprise attack on Lu. The duke, along with his three sons, entered the residence of the Ji family, climbed onto Wuzi's terrace. The people of Fei attacked them but failed to overcome their defenses. They advanced as far as the duke's side. Zhong Ni ordered Shen Gouxu and Yue Qi to descend and attack them; the people of Fei retreated, and the citizens pursued them, defeating them at Gu Mie. The two men fled to Qi. Thus Fei was brought into disorder; they were about to bring disorder upon Cheng. Gong Lian Chufu told Mengsun: "If we bring disorder upon Cheng, the people of Qi will surely reach its northern gate." Moreover, Cheng is a stronghold for the Meng family. To lose Cheng would be to lose the Meng family as well. "You pretend not to know, but I will not let it fall." Winter, twelfth month, the duke surrounded Cheng but failed to capture it.
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| | 定公十三... : |
十有三年，春，齐侯、卫侯次于垂葭。 |
| | In the thirteenth year [of his reign], spring, Duke Qi and Duke Wei took up quarters at Chuijia.
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夏，筑蛇渊囿。 |
| | In summer, they built a hunting park at Sheyuan.
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大蒐于比蒲。 |
| | A grand military review was held at Bipu.
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卫公孟彄帅师伐曹。 |
| | Duke Weigong Mengkou led his troops to attack Cao.
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晋赵鞅入于晋阳以叛。 |
| | Zhao Yang of Jin entered Jinyang in rebellion.
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冬，晋荀寅、士吉射入于朝歌以叛。晋赵鞅归于晋。 |
| | In winter, Xun Yin and Shiji She of Jin entered Chaoguo in rebellion. Zhao Yang of Jin returned to Jin.
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薛弑其君比。 |
| | Xue killed his ruler Bi.
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| | 定公十三... : |
十三年，春，齐侯，卫侯，次于垂葭，实郥氏，使师伐晋，将济河。诸大夫皆曰：「不可。邴意兹曰：「可。锐师伐河内，传必数日而后及绛。绛不三月，不能出河，则我既济水矣。」乃伐河内。齐侯皆敛诸大夫之轩，唯邴意兹乘轩。齐侯欲与卫侯乘，与之宴，而驾乘广，载甲焉。使告曰：「晋师至矣。」齐侯曰：「比君之驾也，寡人请摄。」乃介而与之乘，驱之。或告曰：「无晋师。」乃止。 |
| | In the thirteenth year, spring, Duke Qi and Duke Wei stayed at Chuijia, which was actually Zhishi. They sent an army to attack Jin, intending to cross the Yellow River. The high-ranking officials all said: "It is not advisable." Bing Yizi said: "Yes, it can be done." A sharp force should attack the interior of the Yellow River; the news will certainly take several days to reach Jiang. "Jiang will not be able to leave the Yellow River region within three months, then we would have already crossed it." They then attacked the interior of the Yellow River. Duke Qi collected the ornate carriages from all his high-ranking officials, but only Bing Yizi was allowed to ride in an ornate carriage. Duke Qi wanted to ride with Duke Wei, so he hosted a banquet for him and prepared a broad chariot, loaded with armor. He sent someone to announce: "The Jin army has arrived." Duke Qi said, "Before Your Majesty's chariot arrives, I will take charge temporarily." He then put on armor and rode with him, urging the horses forward. Someone reported: "There is no Jin army." They then stopped.
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晋赵鞅谓邯郸午曰：「归我卫贡五百家，吾舍诸晋阳。」午许诺，归告其父兄。父兄皆曰：「不可。卫是以为邯郸，而置诸晋阳，绝卫之道也，不如侵齐而谋之。」乃如之，而归之于晋阳。赵孟怒，召午而囚诸晋阳，使其从者说剑而入，涉宾不可。乃使告邯郸人曰：「吾私有讨于午也，二三子唯所欲立。」遂杀午，赵稷、涉宾以邯郸叛。夏，六月，上军司马籍秦围邯郸。邯郸午荀寅之甥也，荀寅范吉射之姻也，而相与睦，故不与围邯郸，将作乱。董安于闻之，告赵孟曰：「先备诸？」赵孟曰：「晋国有命，始祸者死，为后可也。」安于曰：「与其害于民，宁我独死。请以我说。」赵孟不可。秋，七月，范氏、中行氏伐赵氏之宫，赵鞅奔晋阳，晋人围之。范皋夷无宠于范吉射，而欲为乱于范氏。梁婴父嬖于知文子，文子欲以为卿。韩简子与中行文子相恶，魏襄子亦与范昭子相恶。故五子谋将逐荀寅，而以梁婴父代之，逐范吉射而以范皋夷代之，荀跞言于晋侯曰：「君命大臣，始祸者死，载书在河。今三臣始祸，而独逐鞅，刑已不钧矣，请皆逐之。」冬，十一月，荀跞、韩不信、魏曼多奉公以伐范氏、中行氏，弗克。二子将伐公。齐高强曰：「三折肱知为良医。唯伐君为不可，民弗与也。我以伐君在此矣。三家未睦，可尽克也。克之，君将谁与若先伐君，是使睦也。」弗听，遂伐公。国人助公，二子败，从而伐之。丁未，荀寅、士吉射奔朝歌。韩、魏以赵氏为请。十二月，辛未，赵鞅入于绛，盟于公宫。 |
| | Zhao Yang of Jin said to Handan Wu: "Return five hundred families from the tribute that Wei has paid me, and I will settle them in Jinyang." Wu agreed and promised, then returned to inform his father and elder brothers. His father and elder brothers all said: "It is not advisable." "Handan belongs to Wei, and placing it in Jinyang would cut off Wei's route. It is better to invade Qi and plan accordingly." They followed this advice and returned [the five hundred families] to Jinyyang. Zhao Meng became angry, summoned Wu, and imprisoned him in Jinyyang. He then ordered his followers to enter with swords drawn, but Shebin refused. He then sent a message to the people of Handan: "I have privately taken action against Wu; you may choose whomever you wish as your leader." They then killed Wu. Zhao Ji and Shebin rebelled with Handan. In summer, on the sixth month, Shangjun Sima Jiqin besieged Handan. Wu of Handan was the nephew of Xun Yin, and Xun Yin was related by marriage to Fan Ji She; they were on good terms with each other, hence did not join in the siege of Handan but instead planned to rebel. Dong Anyu heard about this and informed Zhao Meng: "Shall we prepare for it first?" Zhao Meng said, "The state of Jin has decrees; the one who starts a disaster will die. We can deal with it later." Anyu said: "Rather than harm the people, I would rather die alone." "Please allow me to resolve this matter." Zhao Meng refused. In autumn, on the seventh month, the Fan and Zhonghang clans attacked Zhao's palace. Zhao Yang fled to Jinyyang, and the people of Jin besieged him there. Fan Gaoyi was not favored by Fan Ji She but wanted to start a rebellion within the Fan clan. Liang Yingfu was favored by Zhi Wensi, who wished to appoint him as an official of high rank. Gan Jianzi and Zhonghang Wenzi disliked each other, while Wei Xiangzi also had a poor relationship with Fan Zhaozi. Therefore, the five men plotted to expel Xun Yin and replace him with Liang Yingfu, as well as expel Fan Ji She and replace him with Fan Gaoyi. Xun Qian advised Duke Jin: "The ruler commands his high officials; those who start a disaster will die, as recorded in an oath written by the Yellow River." "Now three ministers have started a disaster, yet only Yang is being expelled—this punishment is already unequal. I request that they all be expelled." In winter, on the eleventh month, Xun Qian, Gan Buxin, and Wei Manduo led the ruler to attack the Fan and Zhonghang families but failed. The two men were about to attack the ruler. Gao Qiang of Qi said: "Three broken arms make one a good physician." "Only attacking the ruler is unacceptable, for the people will not support it." "I am here to attack the ruler." "The three families are not yet united; we can completely defeat them." "If we defeat them, who will the ruler rely on? If we attack him first, it would only encourage unity among them." They did not listen and proceeded to attack the ruler. The people of the state supported the ruler; the two men were defeated, and they then pursued them in battle. On the Dingwei day, Xun Yin and Shij She fled to Chaoguo. Gan and Wei requested on behalf of Zhao's family. In the twelfth month, on the Xinwei day, Zhao Yang entered Jiang and took an oath at the palace of the ruler.
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初，卫公叔文子朝，而请享灵公。退，见史鰌而告之。史鰌曰：「子必祸矣子富而君贪，其及子乎！」文子曰：「然吾不先告子，是吾罪也。君既许我矣，其若之何？」史鰌曰：「无害。子臣，可以免。富而能臣，必免于难。上下同之。戌也骄，其亡乎富而不骄者鲜，吾唯子之见。骄而不亡者，未之有也。戌必与焉。」及文子卒，卫侯始恶于公叔戌，以其富也。公叔戌又将去夫人之党，夫人诉之曰：「戌将为乱。」 |
| | Initially, Gongshu Wenzǐ of Wei paid a court visit and requested to entertain Duke Ling. After returning home, he met Shi Qiao and informed him about it. Shi Qiao said: "You will surely bring disaster upon yourself. You are wealthy and the ruler is greedy; it must come to you!" Wenzǐ said: "Indeed, I did not first inform you of this; that is my fault." "The ruler has already agreed to it. What can we do about it?" Shi Qiao said: "There is no harm." "As a loyal minister, you can avoid it." "Being wealthy yet remaining a loyal subject will surely save one from disaster." "The ruler and the subjects share this understanding." "Xu is arrogant; he will likely perish. Those who are wealthy yet not arrogant are rare, and I see only you." "There has never been a case of someone being arrogant yet not perishing." "Xu will certainly be involved in it." When Wenzǐ died, Duke Wei began to resent Gongshu Xu because of his wealth. Gongshu Xu was also about to remove the faction of the lady, so she complained and said: "Xu is going to start a rebellion."
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| | 定公十四... : |
十有四年，春，卫公叔戌来奔。卫赵阳出奔宋。 |
| | In the fourteenth year [of his reign], spring, Wei Gongshu Xu came to take refuge. Wei Zhaoyang fled to Song.
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二月，辛巳，楚公子结、陈公孙佗人帅师灭顿，以顿子牂归。 |
| | In the second month, on the Xinwei day, the Marquis of Chu's son Gongzi Jie and Duke Chengong's Sun Toren led an army to destroy Dun, bringing back Dunzi Zang.
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夏，卫北宫结来奔。 |
| | In summer, Bei Gongjie from Wei came to take refuge.
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五月，于越败吴于檇李。 |
| | In the fifth month, Yu Yue defeated Wu at Zuli.
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吴子光卒。 |
| | Prince of Wu Guang died.
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公会齐侯、卫侯于牵。公至自会。 |
| | The Duke met with the Marquis of Qi and the Marquis of Wei at Qian. The Duke returned from the meeting.
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秋，齐侯宋公会于洮。 |
| | In autumn, the Marquis of Qi met with the Duke of Song at Tao.
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天王使石尚来归脤。 |
| | The Son of Heaven sent Shi Shang to return the sacrificial meat.
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卫世子蒯瞶出奔宋。 |
| | Wei's crown prince Kuaijue fled to Song.
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卫公孟彄出奔郑。 |
| | The Marquis of Wei Gong Mengkou fled to Zheng.
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宋公之弟辰。 |
| | The younger brother of the Duke of Song, Chen.
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自萧来奔。 |
| | He came to take refuge from Xiao.
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大蒐于比蒲。 |
| | A great military review was held at Bipu.
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邾子来会公。 |
| | Zhu Zi came to meet the Duke.
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城莒父及霄。 |
| | The walls of Jufu and Xiao were built.
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| | 定公十四... : |
十四年，春，卫侯逐公叔戌与其党，故赵阳奔宋，戌来奔。 |
| | In the fourteenth year, spring, the Marquis of Wei expelled Gongshu Xu and his faction; therefore, Zhaoyang fled to Song, and Xu came to take refuge.
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梁婴父恶董安于谓知文子曰，不杀安于，使终为政于赵氏，赵氏必得晋国，盍以其先发难也，讨于赵氏，文子使告于赵孟曰：「范、中行氏虽信为乱，安于则发之，是安于与谋乱也。晋国有命，始祸者死。二子既伏其罪矣，敢以告。」赵孟患之。安于曰：「我死而晋国宁，赵氏定，将焉用生人谁不死，吾死莫矣。」乃缢而死。赵孟尸诸市，而告于知氏曰，主命戮罪人，安于既伏其罪矣，敢以告，知伯从赵孟盟，而后赵氏定，祀安于于庙。 |
| | Liang Yingfu, who hated Dong Anyu, said to Zhi Wenzhen: "If we do not kill Anyu and allow him to continue governing the Zhao clan, the Zhao clan will surely gain control of Jin State. Why not take action against them since they were the first to start trouble?" Wenzhen sent a message to Zhao Meng, saying: "Although the Fan and Zhonghang clans are indeed guilty of rebellion, it was Anyu who initiated it; thus, Anyu is complicit in the plot." The Jin State has an order: whoever starts a disaster shall die. "The two men have already confessed to their crimes; I dare to inform you of this." Zhao Meng was worried about it. Anyu said: "If my death brings peace to the Jin State and stability to the Zhao clan, what need is there for me to live? Who among us will not die eventually? My death would be a small price." He then hanged himself and died. Zhao Meng displayed Anyu's corpse in the marketplace and informed the Zhi clan, saying: "According to your lordship's command, criminals should be punished. Anyu has already confessed his crime; I dare to report this." Zhizi Bo followed Zhao Meng's alliance, after which the Zhao clan was stabilized, and they honored Anyu with a temple sacrifice.
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顿子牂欲事晋，背楚而绝陈好。二月，楚灭顿。 |
| | Dunzi Zang wanted to serve Jin, so he defected from Chu and severed friendly relations with Chen. In the second month, Chu destroyed Dun.
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夏，卫北宫结来奔，公叔戌之故也。 |
| | In summer, Bei Gong Jie from Wei came to take refuge; this was due to the previous actions of Gongshu Xu.
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吴伐越，越子勾践御之，陈于檇李，勾践患吴之整也，使死士再禽焉，不动，使罪人三行，属剑于颈，而辞曰，二君有治，臣奸旗鼓，不敏于君之行前，不敢逃刑，敢归死。」遂自刭也。师属之目，越子因而伐之，大败之。灵姑浮以戈击阖庐，阖庐伤将指，取其一屦。还卒于陉，去檇李七里，夫差使人立于庭，苟出入，必谓己曰，夫差，而忘越王之杀而父乎，则对曰：「唯。不敢忘，三年，乃报越。 |
| | Wu attacked Yue, and the Prince of Yue Goujian resisted them. They faced each other at Zuli. Goujian was concerned about Wu's discipline, so he sent a group of brave soldiers to attack twice, but they did not move. Then he had criminals form three ranks, fastened swords around their necks, and said: "The two rulers have ordered the battle; your servants have misused the flags and drums, and were not quick enough in following Your Majesty's advance. We dare not escape punishment, we are ready to die." They then cut their throats and died. The army, moved by this sight, was attacked by the Prince of Yue who took advantage of the moment, and Wu suffered a great defeat. Ling Gufu struck Helu with a halberd; Helu was injured and lost his finger, and one of his shoes was taken. He returned and died at Xing, seven li away from Zuli. Fuchai had someone stationed in the courtyard so that whenever he went in or out, they would say to him: "Fuchai, have you forgotten how King Yue killed your father?" He would reply: "Yes." He dared not forget. After three years, he took revenge on Yue.
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晋人围朝歌，公会齐侯，卫侯，于脾上梁之间，谋救范、中行氏。析成鲋，小王桃甲，率狄师以袭晋，战于绛中，不克而还。士鲋奔周，小王桃甲入于朝歌。秋，齐侯、宋公会于洮，范氏故也。卫侯为夫人南子召宋朝。会于洮，大子蒯聩献盂于齐，过宋野。野人歌之曰：「既定尔娄猪，盍归吾艾豭？」大子羞之，谓戏阳速曰，从我而朝少君，少君见我，我顾，乃杀之。」速曰诺，乃朝夫人。夫人见大子，大子三顾，速不进。夫人见其色，啼而走曰，蒯聩将杀余，公执其手以登台。大子奔宋，尽逐其党。故公孟彄出奔郑，自郑奔齐。大子告人曰，戏阳速祸余，戏阳速告人曰，大子则祸余，大子无道，使余杀其母，余不许，将戕于余，若杀夫人，将以余说，余是故许而弗为，以纾余死，谚曰：『民保于信』，吾以信义也。」 |
| | The Jin people besieged Chaoguo; the Duke met with the Marquis ofqi and the Marquis ofwei between Pi and Shangliang to plot a rescue for the Fan and Zhonghang families. Xicheng Fu and Xiao Wang Taomia led the Di forces to launch a surprise attack on Jin. They fought in Jiangzhong but failed to achieve victory and returned. Shi Fu fled to Zhou, while Xiao Wang Taomia entered Chaoguo. In autumn, the Marquis ofqi met with the Duke ofsong at Tao; this was because of the Fan clan's former affairs. The Marquis ofwei summoned Song Chao for his wife Nanzi. They met at Tao, and the Crown Prince Kuaijie presented a bowl to Qi, passing through the territory of Song. The people in the countryside sang: "Since you have already settled your pigsty, why not return our boar?" The Crown Prince was ashamed and said to Xiyang Su: "Follow me in paying homage to the young ruler. When the young ruler sees me, if I glance back, you will kill him." Su replied, "Yes," and then paid homage to Lady Nanzi. Lady Nanzi saw the Crown Prince; the Crown Prince glanced back three times, but Su did not act. Lady Nanzi noticed his expression and cried out while running away, saying: "Kuaijie is going to kill me!" The Duke took her hand and led her up the terrace. The Crown Prince fled to Song and expelled all his followers. Therefore, Gong Mengkou fled from Wei to Zheng, then from Zheng to Qi. The Crown Prince told people: "Xiyang Su caused trouble for me." Xiyang Su told others: "It was the Crown Prince who brought trouble upon me. The Crown Prince is unjust, he ordered me to kill his mother; I refused, and he would have killed me. If I had killed Lady Nanzi, they might have used that as an excuse against me. Therefore, I agreed but did not act in order to avoid death. A proverb says: 'The people rely on trust.' I acted according to loyalty and righteousness."
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冬，十二月，晋人败范、中行氏之师于潞，获籍秦、高强。又败郑师及范氏之师于百泉。 |
| | In winter, December, the Jin people defeated the army of the Fan and Zhonghang clan at Lu, capturing Ji Qin and Gao Qiang. They also defeated the armies of Zheng and the Fan clan at Baiquan.
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| | 定公十五... : |
十有五年，春，王正月，邾子来朝。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang], Lord Zhu Zi came to pay homage.
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鼷鼠食郊牛，牛死，改卜牛。 |
| | Field mice ate the sacrificial ox for the suburban rite; the ox died, so another ox was divined for.
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二月，辛丑，楚子灭胡，以胡子豹归。 |
| | In the second month, on the Xichou day, Lord Chu Zi destroyed Hu and brought back Hu Zibao.
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夏，五月，辛亥，郊。 |
| | In summer, fifth month, on the Xinhai day, the suburban sacrifice was held.
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壬申，公薨于高寝。 |
| | On the Renshen day, the Gong died in Gaoqin.
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郑罕达帅师伐宋。 |
| | Zheng Handa led an army to attack Song.
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齐侯、卫侯次于渠蒢。 |
| | Duke Qi Hou and Duke Wei Hou stationed at Quchu.
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邾子来奔丧。 |
| | Lord Zhu Zi came to mourn the deceased.
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秋，七月，壬申，姒氏卒。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, on the Renshen day, Sishi died.
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八月，庚辰，朔日有食之。 |
| | In the eighth month, on the Gengchen day, there was a solar eclipse on the first day of the month.
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九月，滕子来会葬。 |
| | In the ninth month, Lord Teng Zi came to attend the funeral rites.
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丁巳，葬我君定公，雨，不克葬。戊午，日下吴，乃克葬，辛巳，葬定姒。 |
| | On the Dingsi day, our ruler Duke Ding was buried; it rained and the burial could not proceed. On the Wuwu day, when the sun passed below Wu, the burial was finally completed; on the Xinsi day, Ding Si was buried.
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冬，城漆。 |
| | In winter, Qi was walled in.
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| | 定公十五... : |
十五年，春，邾隐公来朝。子贡观焉。邾子执玉高，其容仰，公受玉卑，其容俯，子贡曰：「以礼观之，二君者，皆有死亡焉。夫礼，死生存亡之体也，将左右周旋，进退俯仰，于是乎取之。朝、祀、丧、戎，于是乎观之。今正月相朝，而皆不度，心巳亡矣。嘉事不体，何以能久？高仰，骄也，卑俯，替也，骄近乱，替近疾。君为主，其先亡乎？」 |
| | The fifteenth year: In spring, Lord Zhu Yin Gong came to pay homage. Zi Gong observed it. Lord Zhu Zi held the jade too high, his demeanor was haughty; Duke Gong received the jade too lowly, his demeanor was humble. Zi Gong said: "Judging by ritual propriety, these two rulers both seem destined for death." Ritual is the foundation of life and death. When moving left or right, circling around, advancing or retreating, bowing or looking up, one draws from this to act appropriately. In matters of court attendance, sacrificial rites, funerals, and military affairs, one observes them in this way. Now, during the first month's court audience, both acted beyond proper measure; their hearts have already perished. If a commendable matter is not conducted with propriety, how can it endure? Holding one's head high is arrogance; bowing lowly is decline. Arrogance approaches disorder, and decline approaches illness. "The ruler is the host; perhaps he will perish first?"
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吴之入楚也，胡子尽俘楚邑之近胡者。楚既定，胡子豹又不事楚，曰：「存亡有命，事楚何为多取费焉。」二月，楚灭胡。 |
| | When Wu invaded Chu, the people of Hu captured all those from nearby towns in Chu that were close to Hu. After the situation in Chu was stabilized, Hu Zibao still did not serve Chu. He said: "Survival or demise is determined by fate; why should we go to the trouble of serving Chu and incur unnecessary expenses?" In the second month, Chu destroyed Hu.
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夏，五月，壬申，公薨。仲尼曰：「赐不幸言而中，是使赐多言者也。」 |
| | In summer, fifth month, on Renshen day, Duke Gong died. Zhong Ni said: "Cige's unfortunate words turned out to be accurate; this is what makes Cige speak so much."
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郑罕达败宋师于老丘。 |
| | Zhang Handa defeated the Song army at Laoqiu.
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齐侯，卫侯，次于蘧挐，谋救宋也。 |
| | 镂 Duke Qi Hou and Duke Wei Huo stationed at Qunra, planning to rescue Song.
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秋，七月，壬申，姒氏卒。不称夫人，不赴，且不祔也。葬定公，雨，不克襄事，礼也。葬定姒，不称小君，不成丧也。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, Renshen day: Sishi died. She was not referred to as a Lady, no announcement of her death was made, and she would not be enshrined alongside the ruler. When burying Duke Ding, it rained, so the funeral rites could not proceed; this was in accordance with ritual propriety. When burying Ding Si, she was not referred to as Xiao Jun (the ruler's wife), because the mourning rites for her were incomplete.
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冬，城漆，书，不时告也。 |
| | In winter, Qi was fortified; this is recorded in the annals because it was not reported at the appropriate time.
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