| | 僖公二十... : |
二十有四年，春，王正月。 |
| | In the twenty-fourth year, spring, the first month of the king.
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夏，狄伐鄭。 |
| | Summer, the Di attacked Zheng.
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秋，七月。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month.
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冬，天王出居于鄭。晉侯夷吾卒。 |
| | Winter, the Heavenly King left his residence and stayed in Zheng. Duke Yiwu of Jin died.
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| | 僖公二十... : |
二十四年，春，王正月，秦伯納之，不書，不告入也。及河，子犯以璧授公子曰，臣負羈絏，從君巡於天下，臣之罪甚多矣。臣猶知之，而況君乎請由此亡。」公子曰：「所不與舅氏同心者，有如白水。」投其璧于河。濟河，圍令狐，入桑泉，取臼衰。二月，甲午，晉師軍于廬柳，秦伯使公子縶如晉師，師退，軍于郇，辛丑，狐偃及秦、晉之大夫盟于郇。壬寅，公子入于晉師。丙午，入于曲沃。丁未，朝于武宮。戊申，使殺懷公于高梁。不書，亦不告也。呂郤畏偪，將焚公宮而弒晉侯。寺人披請見，公使讓之，且辭焉。曰蒲城之役，君命一宿，女即至。其後余從狄君以田渭濱，女為惠公來求殺余，命女三宿，女中宿至，雖有君命，何其速也。夫袪猶在，女其行乎。」對曰：「臣謂君之入也，其知之矣。若猶未也，又將及難。君命無二，古之制也。除君之惡，唯力是視，蒲人狄人，余何有焉，今君即位，其無蒲、狄乎？齊桓公置射鉤而使管仲相。君若易之，何辱命焉行者甚眾，豈唯刑臣。」公見之，以難告。三月，晉侯潛會秦伯于王城。己丑晦，公宮火。瑕甥、郤芮不獲公，乃如河上，秦伯誘而殺之。晉侯逆夫人嬴氏以歸。秦伯送衛於晉三千人，實紀綱之僕，初，晉侯之豎頭須，守藏者也。其出也，竊藏以逃，盡用以求納之。及入，求見，公辭焉以沐。謂僕人曰：「沐則心覆，心覆則圖反，宜吾不得見也。居者為社稷之守，行者為羈絏之僕，其亦可也，何必罪居者，國君而讎匹夫，懼者甚眾矣。」僕人以告，公遽見之。狄人歸季隗于晉而請其二子。文公妻趙衰，生原同、屏括、摟嬰。趙姬請逆盾，與其母，子餘辭，姬曰：「得寵而忘舊，何以使人？必逆之，固請，許之。來以盾為才，固請于公，以為嫡子，而使其三子下之，以叔隗為內子，而己下之。 |
| | In the twenty-fourth year, Spring, first month of the king: Lord Qin received him [the prince], but this was not recorded, because he did not report his entry. When they reached the river, Zifan presented a jade disc to Gongzi and said, "I have been burdened with shackles and followed you on your travels throughout the world; my crimes are numerous. I still know this, but how much more so for you, my lord? Please allow me to flee from here." Gongzi said: "He who does not share the same heart with my maternal uncle, may he be as the white river." He threw his jade disc into the river. Crossing the Yellow River, they encircled Linghu, entered Sangquan, and captured Jiuchui. On the Jiawu day of the second month, the Jin army stationed at Luliu. Lord Qin sent Gongzi Zhi to the Jin forces. The army withdrew and stationed at Xun. On the Xinchou day, Huyan and the ministers of Qin and Jin formed an alliance in Xun. On the Rinyin day, Gongzi entered the Jin forces. On the Bingwu day, he entered Quwo. On the Dingwei day, he paid homage at the Wu Palace. On the Wushen day, orders were given to kill Duke Huai at Gaoliang. This was not recorded; it was also not reported. Lü Xi feared oppression, and planned to burn the royal palace and assassinate Duke Jin. Siren Pi requested an audience; the duke had him rebuked and dismissed. He said, "During the battle of Pucheng, you were ordered by the lord to come in one night, and you arrived immediately." Later, when I followed the Di ruler to hunt by the Wei River, you came for Duke Huigong to kill me. You were ordered to stay three nights, yet you arrived in two; although there was an order from your lord, how quickly you came! "The sleeve of my robe is still here. Will you proceed with it?" He replied, "I thought when the lord entered [the throne], he would understand this already. If he still does not know it, then he will soon face trouble again. The lord's command must be obeyed without hesitation; this is the ancient custom. Eliminating the lord's enemies depends only on one's strength; whether they are from Pu or Di, what do I have to do with them? Now that you have ascended the throne, would you not still face threats from Pu and Di? Duke Huan of Qi set aside resentment over being shot with a bowstring and appointed Guan Zhong as his prime minister. "If you are willing to change this, why would I need your command? There are many who could carry out the task; it is not only a criminal like me." The duke met with him and informed him of the danger. In March, Duke Jin secretly met Lord Qin at Wangcheng. On the Jichou day of the month's end, a fire broke out in the palace. Xia Sheng and Xi Rui failed to find the duke, so they went to the riverbank; Lord Qin lured them in and killed them. Duke Jin met his wife Ying Shi and brought her back with him. Lord Qin sent 3,000 people from Wei to Jin, who were actually servants in charge of discipline. Originally, Shu Touxu, a servant of Duke Jin, was the custodian of treasures. When he left, he stole the treasure and fled, using it all to seek admission [into Wei]. When he entered [Jin], he requested an audience, but the duke refused him, saying he was taking a bath. He said to his servants: "When one takes a bath, the mind is turned inward; when the mind turns inward, plans are reversed. That explains why I could not see him." Those who remain are the guardians of the state, and those who leave become servants in bondage. That is acceptable; why must we punish those who stay? A ruler holding a grudge against an ordinary man will cause many to fear." The servant reported this, and the duke hurriedly met with him. The Di people returned Ji Kui to Jin and requested their two sons. Duke Wen married Zhao Cui, who bore Yuantong, Pingkuo, and Lou Ying. Zhao Ji requested to bring back Dun along with his mother. Ziyu declined, but Ji said: "To gain favor and forget the old is not a way to command others." "You must bring him back." She insisted repeatedly, and he finally agreed. She came because she regarded Dun as talented, and repeatedly petitioned the duke to make him his legitimate son, placing her three other sons below him. She also made Shu Kui an inner wife but placed herself beneath her.
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晉侯賞從亡者。介之推不言祿，祿亦弗及。推曰：「獻公之子九人，唯君在矣。惠、懷無親，外內棄之。天未絕晉，必將有主。主晉祀者，非君而誰？天實置之，而二三子以為己力，不亦誣乎，竊人之財，猶謂之盜，況貪天之功，以為己力乎，下義其罪，上賞其姦，上下相蒙，難與處矣！」其母曰：「盍亦求之，以死誰懟？」對曰：「尤而效之，罪又甚焉。且出怨言，不食其食。」其母曰：「亦使知之，若何？」對曰：「言，身之文也。身將隱，焉用文之是求顯也。」其母曰：「能如是乎與女偕隱。」遂隱而死。晉侯求之不獲，以綿上為之田，曰，以志吾過，且旌善人。 |
| | Duke Jin rewarded those who had followed him into exile. Jie Zhui did not speak of rewards, and thus was not given any reward. Zhui said: "Duke Xian had nine sons, but only you remain now. Dukes Huigong and Huai lacked virtue; they were abandoned by both the court and the people." "Heaven has not yet abandoned Jin, so there must be a ruler in the future. "The one who will preside over the ancestral rites of Jin is none other than you!" "It was Heaven that placed you there, yet these men claim it as their own merit—this is not false? To steal another's property is still called a thief; how much more so to appropriate Heaven's work and call it one's own effort! The lower ranks justify the crime, while those above reward treachery. When superiors and inferiors deceive each other, there is no way to live together!" His mother said: "Why not also ask for your reward? To die without resentment, who would you be angry with?" He replied: "To emulate those in fault is to commit an even greater crime. Moreover, I have expressed grievances and will not eat their food." His mother said: "Then let them know about it. What do you think?" He replied: "Words are the expression of one's being. "If I am about to retreat into obscurity, why use words? That would only seek recognition." His mother said: "Are you truly able to do this? I will hide with you." They then retreated into hiding and died. Duke Jin sought for him but did not find him, so he granted the land of Mianshang to his descendants and said: "This is to mark my mistake and also honor a virtuous man."
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鄭之入滑也，滑人聽命。師還，又即衛。鄭公子士洩、堵俞彌帥師伐滑。王使伯服、游孫伯如鄭請滑。鄭伯怨惠王之入，而不與厲公爵也，又怨襄王之與衛滑也，故不聽王命而執二子。王怒，將以狄伐鄭。富辰諫曰：「不可。臣聞之，大上以德撫民，其次親親以相及也。昔周公弔二叔之不咸，故封建親戚以蕃屏周。管、蔡、郕、霍、魯、衛、毛、聃、郜、雍、曹、滕、畢、原、酆、郇，文之昭也。邘、晉、應、韓，武之穆也。凡、蔣、邢、茅、胙、祭，周公之胤也。召穆公思周德之不類，故糾合宗族于成周，而作詩，曰，常棣之華，鄂不韡韡，凡今之人，莫如兄弟。』其四章曰：『兄弟鬩于牆，外禦其侮。』而是則兄弟雖有小忿，不廢懿親，今天子不忍小忿以棄鄭親，其若之何？庸勳親親，暱，近尊賢，德之大者也，即聾，從昧，與頑，用嚚，姦之大者也。棄德崇姦，禍之大者也。鄭有平惠之勳，又有厲宣之親，棄嬖寵而用三良，於諸姬為近，四德具矣。耳不聽五聲之和為聾，目不別五色之章為昧，心不則德義之經為頑，口不道忠信之言為嚚，狄皆則之，四姦具矣。周之有懿德也，猶曰『莫如兄弟』，故封建之。其懷柔天下也，猶懼有外侮。扞禦侮者莫如親親，故以親屏周。召穆公亦云。今周德既衰，於是乎又渝周、召以從諸姦，無乃不可乎？民未忘禍，王又興之，其若文、武何？」王弗聽，使頹叔、桃子出狄師。 |
| | When Zheng entered Hua, the people of Hua obeyed their commands. The army returned and then joined Wei again. Prince Shi Xi of Zheng and Du Yumi led an army to attack Hua. The king sent Bo Fu and You Sunbo to Zheng to request the return of Hua. Duke Zheng resented King Huai's entry into the throne without granting Duke Li a title, and also resented King Xiang for supporting Wei over Hua. Therefore, he refused to obey the king's command and detained the two envoys. The king was angry and planned to attack Zheng with the Di people. Fu Chen advised, "It is not advisable." I have heard that the highest virtue is to govern people with benevolence; next in importance is to be close to one's relatives and extend kindness accordingly. In the past, Duke of Zhou mourned the failure of his two uncles, so he enfeoffed relatives to serve as a protective barrier for the Zhou dynasty. Guan, Cai, Cheng, Huo, Lu, Wei, Mao, Dan, Gao, Yong, Cao, Teng, Bi, Yuan, Feng, and Xun were the descendants of Duke Wen. Yu, Jin, Ying, and Han were the descendants of King Wu. Fan, Jiang, Xing, Mao, Zu, and Jia were the descendants of the Duke of Zhou. Zhaomugong, thinking of the Zhou virtue that was no longer exemplified, therefore gathered his clan in Chengzhou and composed a poem: "The flowers of the 棠棠 tree are bright and splendid. Among all people today, none compare to brothers." Its fourth stanza says: "Brothers quarrel within the walls, but together repel external insults." If this is so, then even if brothers have minor quarrels, they should not abandon their close kinship. Now the Son of Heaven cannot bear a small grievance to forsake his kinsman Zheng; how can we do otherwise? Rewarding meritorious service and honoring close relatives, being affectionate to the near, respectful to the noble, and reverent toward the virtuous—these are the greatest virtues. To follow deafness with blindness, to associate with stubbornness, and to employ treacherous people—these are the gravest evils. To abandon virtue and elevate evildoers is the greatest source of disaster. Zheng has the merit of Pinghui, and is also closely related to Duke Li and Duke Xuan. It abandoned favored favorites in favor of three virtuous men; among all the Ji clan descendants, it is the closest. Four virtues are thus fulfilled. Ears that cannot discern the harmony of five tones are deaf; eyes that cannot distinguish the patterns of five colors are blind. A heart that does not follow the principles of virtue and righteousness is stubborn, and a mouth that does not speak words of loyalty and trustworthiness is treacherous. The Di people all follow these traits—four evils are thus complete. When the Zhou dynasty had noble virtue, it was still said "none compare to brothers," so they enfeoffed them. Their efforts to pacify the world were still accompanied by fear of external threats. No one is better at defending against insults than close relatives; thus, they used kinship to protect the Zhou dynasty. This was also what Zhaomugong said. Now that the virtue of Zhou has declined, to abandon the principles of Zhou and Zhao in favor of various evildoers—would this not be unacceptable? The people have not forgotten past calamities, yet the king is now stirring them up again. What would King Wen and King Wu think of this?" The king did not listen and sent Tuishu and Taizi to lead the Di forces.
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夏，狄伐鄭，取櫟。王德狄人，將以其女為后，富辰諫曰：「不可，臣聞之曰：『報者倦矣，施者未厭。』狄固貪惏。王又啟之，女德無極，婦怨無終，狄必為患。」王又弗聽。初甘昭公有寵於惠后，惠后將立之，未及而卒。昭公奔齊，王復之，又通於隗氏。王替隗氏，頹叔、桃子曰：「我實使狄，狄其怨我。」遂奉大叔以狄師攻王。王御士將禦之，王曰：「先后其謂我何寧使諸侯圖之。」王遂出，及坎欿，國人納之。秋，頹叔、桃子奉大叔，以狄師伐周，大敗周師，獲周公忌父、原伯、毛伯、富辰。王出適鄭，處于氾，大叔以隗氏居于溫。 |
| | Summer, the Di attacked Zheng and captured Li. The king favored the Di people and planned to make his daughter their queen. Fu Chen advised, "This is not advisable. I have heard it said: 'Those who repay kindness become weary; those who give are never satisfied.' "The Di people are inherently greedy and insatiable. If the king further encourages them, their greed will have no bounds, and resentment from your daughter as a wife will never end. The Di will surely become a source of trouble." The king again did not listen. Originally, Duke Ganzhao was favored by Queen Huigong, who intended to make him king; but before this could happen, she died. In the beginning, Duke Ganzhao enjoyed favor with Queen Huigong. She had intended to appoint him as ruler but did not live long enough to do so. Duke Ganzhao fled to Qi. The king reinstated him and he became involved in a relationship with Wei Shi. The king replaced Wei Shi, and Tuishu and Taizi said: "It was we who sent the Di people; they may resent us." So they then supported Dashu with the Di forces to attack the king. The royal guards were about to resist them, but the king said: "What would my ancestors say of me? Better let the feudal lords deal with it." So the king left. Upon reaching Kankan, the people of the capital received him back. Autumn, Tuishu and Taizi supported Dashu with the Di army to attack Zhou. They heavily defeated the Zhou forces, capturing Duke Gongjifu, Yuan Bo, Mao Bo, and Fu Chen. The king fled to Zheng and stayed in Fan; Dashu settled with Wei Shi at Wen.
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鄭子華之弟子臧出奔宋，好聚鷸冠。鄭伯聞而惡之，使盜誘之。八月，盜殺之于陳、宋之間。君子曰：「服之不衷，身之災也。詩曰，彼己之子，不稱其服，子臧之服，不稱也夫。詩曰，自詒伊慼，其子臧之謂矣，《夏書》曰，『地平天成』，稱也。」 |
| | Zi Zang, the disciple of Zi Hua from Zheng, fled to Song and was fond of collecting yu caps. Duke Zheng heard about this and disliked it, so he sent thieves to lure him out. In the eighth month, the thieves killed him between Chen and Song. The gentlemen said: "To wear things not in accordance with one's position is a disaster for oneself." The Book of Songs says, "That man there, his attire does not match his status." The clothing worn by Zi Zang indeed did not match. The Book of Songs says: "It is they who bring upon themselves sorrow," which refers to Zi Zang. The Shu of Xia says, "The earth is level and the heavens are complete," meaning proper status and conduct.
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宋及楚平，宋成公如楚。還入於鄭，鄭伯將享之，問禮於皇武子，對曰，宋，先代之後也，於周為客，天子有事膰焉，有喪拜焉，豐厚可也。」鄭伯從之，享宋公有加，禮也。 |
| | Song made peace with Chu; Duke Chenggong of Song went to Chu. On his return, he entered Zheng. Duke Zhuang of Zheng planned to entertain him and asked about the proper etiquette from Huang Wuzi. The latter replied: "Song is a descendant of an ancient dynasty; it is considered a guest in Zhou. When the Son of Heaven has sacrifices, he sends offerings to Song; when there is mourning, he pays respects. Therefore, generous hospitality would be appropriate." Duke Zhuang followed this advice and entertained Duke Chenggong of Song with extra generosity; this was in accordance with proper rites.
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冬，王使來告難曰，不穀不德，得罪于母弟之寵子帶，鄙在鄭地氾，敢告叔父。」臧文仲對曰：「天子蒙塵于外，敢不奔問官守？」王使簡師父告于晉，使左鄢父告于秦。天子無出，書曰「天王出居于鄭」，辟母弟之難也。天子凶服降名，禮也。 |
| | In winter, the king sent a messenger to report his distress: "I am unworthy and have offended my beloved younger brother's favored son Dai. I now take refuge in Fan, which is located in Zheng territory. I dare to inform you, Uncle." Zang Wenzhong replied: "The Son of Heaven is in exile outside the capital. How could I dare not rush to inquire about my official duties?" The king sent Jian Shifu to inform Jin, and Zuo Yanfu to inform Qin. It was not customary for the Son of Heaven to leave his capital; thus, it is recorded as "The Heavenly King went into residence in Zheng," indicating that he fled from the danger posed by his younger brother. The Son of Heaven lowered his rank and wore mourning clothes, which was in accordance with rites.
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鄭伯與孔將鉏，石甲父，侯宣多，省視官具于氾，而後聽其私政，禮也。 |
| | Duke Zhuang of Zheng, together with Kong Jiangchu, Shi Jiapu, and Hou Xuanduo, inspected the official supplies in Fan before allowing private governance; this was in accordance with rites.
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衛人將伐邢，禮至曰：「不得其守，國不可得也。我請昆弟仕焉。」乃往，得仕。 |
| | The people of Wei were about to attack Xing, but Li Zhi said: "Without capturing its defenders, the state cannot be taken." "I will request that my brothers serve there." So he went and obtained a position.
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