| | 宣公元年: |
元年，春，王正月，公即位。 |
| | In the first year [of his reign], spring, the king's first month, the Duke assumed the throne.
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公子遂如齊逆女。三月，遂以夫人婦姜至自齊。 |
| | Prince Sui went to Qi to escort the bride. In March, Sui brought Lady Jiang, the Duke's wife, from Qi.
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夏，季孫行父如齊。 |
| | In summer, Ji Sun Xingfu went to Qi.
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晉放其大夫胥甲父于衛。 |
| | Jin exiled its official Xu Jiafu to Wei.
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公會齊侯于平州。 |
| | The Duke met with King Qi at Pingzhou.
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公子遂如齊。 |
| | Prince Sui went to Qi.
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六月，齊人取濟西田。 |
| | In June, the people of Qi seized the fields west of Ji.
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秋，邾子來朝。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Zhu came to pay homage.
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楚子、鄭人侵陳、遂侵宋。晉趙盾帥師救陳、宋。公陳侯，衛侯，曹伯，會晉師于棐林，伐鄭。 |
| | Duke Chu and the people of Zheng invaded Chen, and then proceeded to invade Song. Zhao Dun of Jin led an army to rescue Chen and Song. The Duke, King Chen, King Wei, and Gong Bo Cao met the Jin forces at Feilin to attack Zheng.
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冬，晉趙穿帥師侵崇。 |
| | In winter, Zhao Chuan of Jin led an army invasion of Chong.
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晉人、宋人伐鄭。 |
| | The people of Jin and Song attacked Zheng.
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| | 宣公元年: |
元年，春，王正月，公子遂如齊逆女。尊君命也。三月，遂以夫人婦姜至自齊。尊夫人也。 |
| | In the first year, spring, in the king's first month, Prince Sui went to Qi to meet his bride. This was done out of respect for the king's command. In March, Sui escorted Lady Jiang, the Duke's wife, back from Qi. This was done to honor the lady.
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夏，季文子如齊，納賂以請會。 |
| | In summer, Ji Wenzi went to Qi and offered bribes to request a meeting.
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晉人討不用命者，放胥甲父于衛，而立胥克。先辛奔齊。 |
| | The people of Jin punished those who had disobeyed orders, exiling Xu Jiafu to Wei and appointing Xu Ke in his place. Xian Xin fled to Qi.
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會于平州，以定公位。 |
| | They met at Pingzhou in order to confirm the Duke's position on the throne.
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東門襄仲如齊拜成。 |
| | Dongmen Xiangzhong went to Qi to express gratitude for the agreement.
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六月，齊人取濟西之田，為立公故，以賂齊也。 |
| | In June, the people of Qi took over the fields west of Ji; this was done in exchange for helping to establish the Duke on his throne.
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宋人之弒昭公也，晉荀林父以諸侯之師伐宋，宋及晉平，宋文公受盟于晉，又會諸侯于扈，將為魯討齊，皆取賂而還，鄭穆公曰：「晉不足與也。」遂受盟于楚，陳共公之卒，楚人不禮焉。陳靈公受盟于晉，秋，楚子侵陳，遂侵宋。晉趙盾帥師救陳、宋。會于棐林，以伐鄭也。楚蒍賈救鄭，遇于北林，囚晉解揚，晉人乃還。 |
| | When the people of Song assassinated Duke Zhao, Xun Linfu of Jin led a coalition force to attack Song. Song made peace with Jin, and Duke Wen of Song accepted an alliance with Jin. Later, he also met with the feudal lords at Hu, intending to campaign against Qi on behalf of Lu; however, in both cases, they returned after receiving bribes. Gongmu of Zheng said: "Jin is not trustworthy enough for cooperation." So he accepted an alliance with Chu. When Duke Gong of Chen died, the people of Chu did not treat him with proper courtesy. Duke Ling of Chen accepted an alliance with Jin; in autumn, Duke Chu invaded Chen and then proceeded to invade Song as well. Zhao Dun of Jin led his troops to rescue Chen and Song. They met at Feilin in order to attack Zheng. Chu's Wei Jia came to rescue Zheng, and the two sides met at Beilin. The Chu forces captured Jin's Jie Yang, so the people of Jin withdrew.
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晉欲求成於秦，趙穿曰：「我侵崇，秦急崇，必救之。吾以求成焉。」冬，趙穿侵崇，秦弗與成。 |
| | Jin wanted to make peace with Qin. Zhao Chuan said: "If we invade Chong, Qin will be concerned about Chong and must come to its rescue." "We can use this as an opportunity to seek reconciliation." In winter, Zhao Chuan invaded Chong; however, Qin did not agree to a peace settlement.
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晉人伐鄭，以報北林之役。於是晉侯侈，趙宣子為政，驟諫而不入，故不競於楚。 |
| | The people of Jin attacked Zheng in retaliation for the Battle of Beilin. At this time, Duke Jin was indulgent; Zhao Xuanzi held power and repeatedly advised against it without success. Therefore, Jin did not match Chu in strength.
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| | 宣公二年: |
二年，春，王二月，壬子，宋華元帥師，及鄭公子歸生帥師，戰于大棘，宋師敗績，獲宋華元。 |
| | In the second year, spring, the first month of winter in the reign of King [Wang], on the Rensi day, Song Huayuan led an army, and Duke Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng led an army; they fought a battle at Daji. The Song forces suffered a crushing defeat, and Song Huayuan was captured.
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秦師伐晉。 |
| | The Qin forces attacked Jin.
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夏，晉人、宋人、衛人、陳人侵鄭。 |
| | In summer, the people of Jin, Song, Wei, and Chen invaded Zheng.
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秋，九月，乙丑，晉趙盾弒其君夷皋。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yichou day of the ninth month, Zhao Dun of Jin assassinated his ruler Yigao.
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冬，十月，乙亥，天王崩。 |
| | In winter, on the Yihai day of the tenth month, the Heavenly King died.
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| | 宣公二年: |
二年，春，鄭公子歸生受命于楚，伐宋，宋華元，樂呂，御之，二月，壬子，戰于大棘，宋師敗績，囚華元，獲樂呂，及甲車四百六十乘，俘二百五十人，馘百人。狂狡輅鄭人，鄭人入于井。倒戟而出之，獲狂狡。君子曰：「失禮違命，宜其為禽也。戎，昭果毅以聽之之謂禮，殺敵為果，致果為毅。易之，戮也。」將戰，華元殺羊食士，其御羊斟不與。及戰，曰，疇昔之羊，子為政，今日之事，我為政。」與入鄭師，故敗。君子謂羊斟非人也，以其私憾，敗國殄民，於是刑孰大焉。詩所謂人之無良者，其羊斟之謂乎殘民以逞」。 |
| | In the second year, in spring, Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng received a command from Chu to attack Song. Hua Yuan and Yue Lü of Song resisted them. In the second month, on the Rensi day, they fought at Daji. The forces of Song suffered a crushing defeat; Hua Yuan was captured, Yue Lü was taken prisoner, along with 460 chariots in armor, 250 captives were seized, and 100 heads were beheaded. Kuangjiao was captured by the Zheng forces; the Zheng people fell into a well. They turned their halberds and pulled them out of the well, capturing Kuangjiao. The gentlemen said: "Losing propriety and disobeying orders—this is why they were captured." Among the Rong, to be clear about courage and firmness in heeding orders is called propriety. To kill the enemy is called courage; to achieve courage is called firmness. To change this is nothing but a disgrace." Before the battle, Hua Yuan slaughtered sheep to feed the soldiers. His charioteer Yang Zhen was not given any. When the battle began, he said, "In the past, you decided who got the mutton; today, I decide what happens." He led them into the Zheng forces, so they were defeated. The gentlemen considered Yang Zhen not a human being; because of his personal resentment, he destroyed the state and its people. In this case, what greater crime could there be? This is what the Book of Songs refers to when it says, "A person without virtue"—is this not a reference to Yang Zhen? "To harm the people for one's own gratification."
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宋人以兵車百乘，文馬百駟，以贖華元于鄭，半入，華元逃歸，立于門外，告而入，見叔牂，曰：「子之馬然也？」對曰：「非馬也，其人也。」既合而來奔。宋城，華元為植，巡功。城者謳曰：「睅其目，皤其腹，棄甲而復。于思于思，棄甲復來。」使其驂乘謂之曰：「牛則有皮，犀兕尚多，棄甲則那？」役人曰：「從其有皮，丹漆若何？」華元曰：「去之夫其口眾我寡。」 |
| | The people of Song sent one hundred war chariots and four hundred fine horses to redeem Hua Yuan from Zheng. When half the ransom had been delivered, Hua Yuan fled back to Song. He stood outside the gate, announced his arrival, and entered to see Shuzang. He said, "Is this your horse?" Shuzang replied, "It is not about the horses; it is about the man." After they were reconciled, he fled to Song. When the city of Song was being built, Hua Yuan served as a standard-bearer and patrolled to inspect progress. The builders sang: "He has bulging eyes, a pale belly; he abandoned armor and returned." "Yusi Yusi, abandoning armor yet returning again." He sent his charioteer to tell him: "Cows have hides, and there are still many rhinoceroses and crocodiles; where would we get armor if we abandon it?" The laborers replied: "Even if they have hides, how about the red lacquer?" Hua Yuan said: "Remove them; their mouths are many and my resources few."
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秦師伐晉。以報崇也，遂圍焦，夏，晉趙盾救焦，遂自陰地，及諸侯之師侵鄭，以報大棘之役。楚鬥椒救鄭，曰：「能欲諸侯，而惡其難乎？」遂次于鄭，以待晉師。趙盾曰：「彼宗競于楚，殆將斃矣。姑益其疾。」乃去之。 |
| | The Qin forces attacked Jin. To avenge Chong, they proceeded to besiege Jiao. In summer, Zhao Dun of Jin rescued Jiao and then led the forces from Yindi and the allied states' armies to invade Zheng in retaliation for the battle at Daji. Chu Doujiao came to rescue Zheng, saying: "Able to attract the feudal lords, yet afraid of hardship?" He then stationed his forces at Zheng to await the Jin army. Zhao Dun said: "Their clan is competing in Chu; they will likely perish." "Let us just add to their illness." Then he withdrew.
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晉靈公不君，厚斂以彫牆，從臺上彈人，而觀其辟丸也，宰夫胹熊蹯不熟，殺之，寘諸畚，使婦人載以過朝，趙盾、士季見其手，問其故，而患之。將諫，士季曰：「諫而不入，則莫之繼也。會請先，不入，則子繼之。」「三進及溜」。而後視之，曰：「吾知所過矣，將改之。」稽首而對曰：「人誰無過，過而能改，善莫大焉。曰：『』，夫如是，則能補過者鮮矣。君能有終，則社稷之固也，豈惟群臣賴之。又曰：『袞職有闕，惟仲山甫補之』，能補過也。君能補過，袞不廢矣。」猶不改，宣子驟諫，公患之，使鉏麑賊之。晨往，寢門闢矣，盛服將朝。尚早，坐而假寐。麑退，歎而言曰：「不忘恭敬，民之主也。賊民之主，不忠，棄君之命，不信，有一於此，不如死也。」觸槐而死。 |
| | Jin Linggong did not behave as a ruler. He imposed heavy levies to decorate his walls, and from the terrace he shot people with slingshots, watching them dodge the stones. A cook stewed bear paws but they were not tender enough; he was killed, placed in a basket, and sent past court by women. Zhao Dun and Shiji saw his hands, asked about the reason, and became concerned. They were going to remonstrate. Shiji said: "If our advice is not accepted, then no one will follow up." "I shall go first; if I fail to get through, you may follow." "He advanced three times and reached the threshold." Then he looked at them and said, "I know my mistakes now; I will correct them." They kowtowed in reply and said: "Who among people has no faults? To recognize one's mistakes and correct them is the greatest virtue." "The Book of Songs says: 'All things have a beginning, but few reach an end.' If it is like this, then those who can correct their mistakes are rare indeed." "If a ruler can see things through to the end, it will be the stability of the state; how much more so would the ministers rely on him." It also says: "When there is a deficiency in the duties of the Son of Heaven, only Zhongshanfu can mend it." This means being able to correct mistakes. "If a ruler can correct his mistakes, then the regalia will not be in vain." Still, he did not change. Xuanshi repeatedly remonstrated; the king became resentful and sent Chuni to assassinate him. Early in the morning, he went there, but the sleeping chamber's door was already open; Zhao Dun was dressed formally and about to go to court. It was still early, so he sat pretending to be asleep. Chuni withdrew and sighed, saying: "He does not forget reverence and respect; this is the leader of the people." To kill the ruler of the people is disloyalty; to disregard the king's command is dishonesty. To have either of these faults is worse than death." He struck his head against a locust tree and died.
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秋，九月，晉侯飲趙盾酒，伏甲，將攻之。其右提彌明知之，趨登，曰：「臣侍君宴，過三爵，非禮也。」遂扶以下。公嗾夫獒焉，明搏而殺之。盾曰：「棄人用犬，雖猛何為！」鬥且出，提彌明死之。初宣子田於首山，舍于翳桑，見靈輒餓，問其病。曰：「不食三日矣。」食之，舍其半。問之。曰：宦三年矣，未知母之存否。今近焉，請以遺之。」使盡之，而為之簞食與肉，寘諸橐以與之，既而與為公介，倒戟以禦公徒而免之。問何故，對曰：「翳桑之餓人也。」問其名居，不告而退，遂自亡也。乙丑，趙穿攻靈公於桃園。宣子未出山而復。大史書曰「趙盾弒其君」，以示於朝。宣子曰：「不然。」對曰：「子為正卿，亡不越竟，反不討賊，非子而誰？」宣子曰，嗚呼，我之懷矣，自詒伊慼，其我之謂矣。」孔子曰：「董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。趙宣子，古之良大夫也，為法受惡。惜也，越竟乃免。」宣子使趙穿逆公子黑臀于周而立之。壬申，朝于武宮。 |
| | In autumn, on the ninth month, Duke Jin held a wine banquet for Zhao Dun, concealed soldiers in ambush, intending to attack him. His charioteer Timing knew about it and hurried upstairs, saying: "For a minister to attend his lord's banquet with more than three cups of wine is against propriety." He then helped him down. The king ordered his fierce dog to attack, and Timing wrestled with it and killed it. Zhao Dun said: "To abandon men and use dogs—what good is strength then!" As they were about to leave, Timing was killed. łoż At first, Xuanshi went hunting in Shoushan and stayed at Yisang, where he saw Lingzhe starving. He asked about his illness. He said: "I have not eaten for three days." They gave him food, but he left half of it. They asked why. He said: "I have been a retainer for three years, yet I do not know whether my mother is still alive." "Now that I am close to home, please let me give this to her." They told him to eat it all, and prepared a basket of food and meat for him, placing them in his satchel. Soon after, he became an officer under the duke's command; he turned his halberd against the duke's men to protect Zhao Dun and saved him. When asked why, he replied: "He is the hungry man from Yisang." When asked for his name and residence, he did not reply but withdrew. He then fled on his own. On the Yichou day, Zhao Chuan attacked Duke Ling at Taoyuan. Xuanshi had not yet left the mountains when he returned. The chief historian recorded, "Zhao Dun assassinated his ruler," and showed it to the court. Xuanshi said: "Not so." He replied: "You are the chief minister. To flee without crossing the border, and to return yet not punish the traitor—this is not you, then who?" Xuanshi said: "Alas! My longing has only brought me sorrow. This must be what is meant by referring to me." Confucius said: "Donghu was a good historian of old; he recorded events without concealment. "Zhao Xuanshi was an excellent minister of old, who accepted blame for the sake of upholding principle." "Pity! If he had crossed the border, he would have been free from guilt." Xuanshi sent Zhao Chuan to Zhou to welcome Gongzi Heitun and installed him as ruler. On the Renshen day, he paid homage at the Wu Palace.
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初，麗姬之亂，詛無畜群公子，自是晉無公族。及成公即位，乃宦卿之適子而為之田，以為公族。又宦其餘子，亦為餘子，其庶子為公行。晉於是有公族、餘子、公行。趙盾請以括為公族，曰：「君姬氏之愛子也。微君姬氏，則臣狄人也。」公許之，冬，趙盾為旄車之族，使屏季以其故族為公族大夫。 |
| | Initially, during the turmoil of Liji, curses were cast against all the clan princes; since then, Jin had no royal family. When Duke Chenggong ascended the throne, he appointed the legitimate sons of high-ranking officials as his attendants and granted them land, establishing a royal clan. He also placed their other sons in service; they were called "yu zi," while the commoner sons became members of the public ranks. Thus, Jin came to have a royal clan, yu zi, and gonghang. Zhao Dun requested that Kuaku be made part of the royal clan, saying: "He is a beloved son of Lady Ji. Without Lady Ji, I would have been a man from Di." The duke agreed. In winter, Zhao Dun became the leader of the Maoche Zu, and he appointed Ping Ji as a royal clan official with his original family.
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| | 宣公三年: |
三年，春，王正月，郊牛之口傷，改卜牛。牛死，乃不郊。猶三望。 |
| | In the third year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang], the ox for the suburban sacrifice had an injured mouth; another ox was selected through divination. The ox died, so the suburban sacrifice was not performed. Nevertheless, the three sacrificial rites at distant shrines were still conducted.
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葬匡王。 |
| | Kuangwang was buried.
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楚子伐陸渾之戎。 |
| | The ruler of Chu attacked the Lu hun Rong.
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夏，楚人侵鄭。 |
| | In summer, the people of Chu invaded Zheng.
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秋，赤狄侵齊。 |
| | In autumn, the Chi Di invaded Qi.
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宋師圍曹。 |
| | The Song forces besieged Cao.
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冬，十月，丙戌，鄭伯蘭卒。 |
| | In winter, the tenth month, on the Bingxu day, Lord Lan of Zheng died.
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葬鄭穆公。 |
| | Zheng Muguang was buried.
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| | 宣公三年: |
三年，春，不郊，而望，皆非禮也。望，郊之屬也。不郊，亦無望可也。 |
| | In the third year, in spring, although the suburban sacrifice was not held, the sacrifices at distant shrines still took place; both were violations of ritual propriety. The sacrifices at distant shrines are a category of the suburban sacrifice. If the suburban sacrifice is not held, then there should also be no sacrifices at distant shrines.
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晉侯伐鄭，及郔。鄭及晉平，士會入盟。 |
| | Duke of Jin attacked Zheng and reached Ying. Zheng made peace with Jin, and Shi Hui entered to conclude the alliance.
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楚子伐陸渾之戎。遂至于雒，觀兵于周疆，定王使王孫滿勞楚子。楚子問鼎之大小、輕重焉。對曰：「在德不在鼎。昔夏之方有德也，遠方圖物，貢金九牧，鑄鼎象物，百物而為之備，使民知神、姦。故民入川澤、山林，不逢不若。螭魅罔兩莫能逢之。」用能協于上下，以承天休。桀有昏德，鼎遷于商，載祀六百。商紂暴虐，鼎遷于周。德之休明，雖小，重也。其姦回昏亂，雖大，輕也。天祚明德，有所底止，成王定鼎于郟鄏，卜世三十，卜年七百，天所命也。周德雖衰，天命未改。鼎之輕重，未可問也。」 |
| | The ruler of Chu attacked the Rong people of Lu Hun. He then proceeded to Luo, where he displayed his troops at the borders of Zhou. King Dingwang sent Wangsun Man to greet the ruler of Chu. The ruler of Chu asked about the size and weight of the tripods. Wangsun Man replied, "It lies in virtue, not in the tripod. "In former times, when the Xia dynasty was virtuous, distant regions contributed tribute and materials from nine pastures; tripods were cast to represent things. All kinds of objects were depicted in detail so that people would know what was divine and what was evil. Therefore, when the people entered rivers, lakes, mountains, or forests, they did not encounter anything harmful. Chimui Wangliang could not harm them." This enabled harmony between heaven and earth, to receive the blessings of Heaven. "When Jie was corrupt in virtue, the tripod moved to Shang, lasting for six hundred years. "When King Zhou of Shang was tyrannical and cruel, the tripod transferred to Zhou. "When virtue is bright and virtuous, even a small state is weighty. "If one is corrupt, deceitful, and in disorder, even if the state is large, it is light. "Heaven bestows its mandate upon those of virtue, and there are limits to this. King Cheng established the tripod at Jiafu; divination foretold thirty generations and seven hundred years, which was Heaven's decree. "Although Zhou virtue has declined, Heaven's mandate remains unchanged. "The weight of the tripod is not something to be inquired about."
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夏，楚人侵鄭，鄭即晉故也。 |
| | In summer, the people of Chu invade Zheng; this was because Zheng had allied with Jin.
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宋文公即位三年，殺母弟須及昭公子，武氏之謀也。使戴、桓之族攻武氏於司馬子伯之館，盡逐武、穆之族武穆之族以曹師伐宋。秋，宋師圍曹，報武氏之亂也。 |
| | Three years after King Wen of Song ascended the throne, he killed his maternal younger brother Xu and the son of Duke Zhao; this was a plot by the Wu family. They sent the clans of Dai and Huan to attack the Wu clan at Sima Zibo's residence, driving out completely the Wu and Mu families. The Wu and Mu families then led the forces of Cao against Song. In autumn, the Song forces besieged Cao; this was in retaliation for the chaos caused by the Wu clan.
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冬，鄭穆公卒。初鄭文公有賤妾，曰燕姞，夢天使與己蘭，曰，余為伯鯈，余而祖也，以是為而子。以蘭有國香，人服媚之如是。」既而文公見之，與之蘭而御之。辭曰：「妾不才，幸而有子。將不信，敢徵蘭乎？」公曰，諾，生穆公，名之曰蘭。文公報鄭子之妃，曰陳媯，生子華、子臧。子臧得罪而出。誘子華而殺之南里，使盜殺子臧於陳、宋之間。又娶于江，生公子士。朝于楚，楚人酖之，及葉而死。又娶于蘇，生子瑕、子俞彌。俞彌早卒。洩駕惡瑕，文公亦惡之，故不立也。公逐群公子，公子蘭奔晉，從晉文公伐鄭。石癸曰：「吾聞姬、姞耦，其子孫必蕃。姞，吉人也，后稷之元妃也。今公子蘭，姞甥也，天或啟之，必將為君，其後必蕃。先納之，可以亢寵。」與孔將鉏，侯宣多，納之，盟于大宮，而立之，以與晉平。穆公有疾，曰：「蘭死，吾其死乎吾所以生也。」刈蘭而卒。 |
| | In winter, Duke Muguang of Zheng died. Originally, Duke Wen of Zheng had a low-ranking concubine named Yan Ji, who dreamed that an angel gave her a orchid and said, "I am Bo Chou; I am your ancestor. Have this as your son." "The orchid has the fragrance of the state; people are charmed by it in such a way," he said. Soon after, Duke Wen saw her and gave her an orchid before sleeping with her. She declined, saying, "I am not talented; if I were fortunate enough to bear a son, you would doubt it. How dare I use the orchid as proof?" The duke said, "Agreed." She gave birth to Duke Muguang and named him Lan. Duke Wen of Zheng married the daughter of Lord Zhi, surnamed Chen, named Gui; she bore Zi Hua and Zi Zang. Zi Zang was offended and left the country. They lured Zi Hua to kill him at Nanli, and sent bandits to kill Zi Zang between Chen and Song. He then married a woman from Jiang, who bore the marquis Shi. When he paid homage to Chu, the people of Chu poisoned him; he died upon reaching Ye. He then married a woman from Su, who bore Zi Xia and Zi Yumi. Yumi died young. Xie Jia disliked Xia, and Duke Wen also disliked him; therefore, he was not made heir. The duke drove out the marquises of his clan; Marquis Lan fled to Jin and followed Duke Wen of Jin in attacking Zheng. Shi Gui said, "I have heard that the Ji and Ji clans were paired; their descendants will surely be numerous. "The Ji clan are people of good fortune; they were the principal wife of Houji. "Now, Marquis Lan is a Ji clan nephew; Heaven may be opening the way for him. He will surely become ruler, and his descendants will certainly multiply." "We should accept him first to prevent excessive favoritism," he said. They, along with Kong Jiangchu and Hou Xuanduo, accepted him, concluded an oath at the Grand Temple, and made him ruler in order to make peace with Jin. When Duke Muguang fell ill, he said, "If Lan dies, I shall die too; for his sake did I live." After Lan was killed, the duke died.
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| | 宣公四年: |
四年，春，王正月，公及齊侯平莒及郯。莒人不肯。公伐莒，取向。 |
| | In the fourth year [of his reign], spring, the King's first month, the Duke and Lord Qi made peace between Ju and Tan. The people of Ju were unwilling. The Duke attacked Ju and captured Xiang.
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秦伯稻卒。 |
| | Lord Dai of Qin died.
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夏，六月，乙酉，鄭公子歸生弒其君夷。 |
| | In summer, sixth month, on the Yiyou day, Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng assassinated his ruler Yi.
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赤狄侵齊。 |
| | The Chi Di invaded Qi.
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秋，公如齊。公至自齊。 |
| | In autumn, the Duke went to Qi. The Duke returned from Qi.
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冬，楚子伐鄭。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Zheng.
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| | 宣公四年: |
四年春，公及齊侯平莒及郯，莒人不肯。公伐莒，取向，非禮也。平國以禮，不以亂。伐而不治，亂也。以亂平亂，何治之有無治，何以行禮？ |
| | In spring of the fourth year, the Duke and Lord Qi mediated peace between Ju and Tan; however, the people of Ju were unwilling to accept it. The Duke attacked Ju and seized Xiang, which was not in accordance with ritual propriety. A state should be pacified through ritual propriety, not through disorder. To attack without governing is to bring about disorder. Using disorder to pacify disorder—how can there be governance? Without governance, how can ritual propriety be practiced?
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楚人獻黿於鄭靈公。公子宋與子家將見。子公之食指動，以示子家，曰：「他日我如此，必嘗異味。」及入，宰夫將解黿，相視而笑。公問之，子家以告。及食大夫黿，召子公而弗與也。子公怒，染指於鼎，嘗之而出。公怒，欲殺子公。子公與子家謀先。子家曰，畜老猶憚殺之，而況君乎？」反譖子家。子家懼而從之。夏，弒靈公。書曰「鄭公子歸生弒其君夷」。權不足也。君子曰：「仁而不武，無能達也」。凡弒君稱君，君無道也。稱臣，臣之罪也。鄭人立子良。辭曰，以賢則去疾不足，以順，則公子堅長。」乃立襄公。襄公將去穆氏，而舍子良。子良不可。曰穆氏宜存，則固願也，若將亡之，則亦皆亡，去疾何為？」乃舍之，皆為大夫。 |
| | The people of Chu presented a large turtle to Duke Ling of Zheng. Gongzi Song and Zijia were about to pay an audience. Zigong's index finger twitched, and he showed it to Zijia, saying: "On another day when my finger moves like this, I will surely taste something unusual." When they entered, the cook was about to butcher the turtle, and they looked at each other and smiled. The Duke asked them why, and Zijia informed him. When the turtle was served to the officials, the Duke summoned Zigong but did not give it to him. Zigong became angry, dipped his finger into the cauldron, tasted some of the meat, and then left. The Duke was furious and wanted to kill Zigong. Zigong conspired with Zijia first. Zijia said, "Even an old domestic animal is still feared to be killed; how much more so a ruler?" They falsely accused Zijia. Zijia was frightened and followed their plan. In summer, Duke Ling was assassinated. The Records state: "Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng killed his ruler Yi." It was because he lacked authority. A gentleman said: "Benevolence without martial virtue cannot achieve anything." Whenever a ruler is assassinated, he is referred to as the "ruler," indicating that the ruler was unjust. To refer to him as a minister means it was the minister's fault. The people of Zheng installed Ziliang. They said: "If we choose based on virtue, Quji is not sufficient; if we choose according to seniority, Gongzi Jian is the elder." Thus they installed Duke Xiang. Duke Xiang was about to expel the Mu clan and appoint Ziliang instead. Ziliang refused. He said: "If the Mu clan should be preserved, then I am willing to remain; but if they are going to be destroyed, then we shall all perish. Why would Quji take action?" Thus they spared them, and all became officials of the rank of Daifu (minister).
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初，楚司馬子良生子越椒。子文曰：「必殺之！是子也，熊虎之狀，而豺狼之聲，弗殺，必滅若敖氏矣，諺曰：『狼子野心。』是乃狼也，其可畜乎？」子良不可。子文以為大慼，及將死，聚其族曰：「椒也知政，乃速行矣，無及於難。」且泣曰：「鬼猶求食，若敖氏之鬼不其餒而！」及令尹子文卒，鬥般為令尹，子越為司馬。蒍賈為工正，譖子揚而殺之，子越為令尹，已為司馬，子越又惡之，乃以若敖氏之族，圄伯嬴於轑陽，而殺之，遂處烝野，將攻王。王以三王之子為質焉，弗受。師于漳澨。秋七月，戊戌，楚子與若敖氏戰于皋滸，伯棼射王，汰輈，及鼓跗，著於丁寧。又射，汰輈，以貫笠轂。師懼，退，王使巡師曰：「吾先君文王克息，獲三矢焉，伯棼竊其二，盡於是矣。」鼓而進之，遂滅若敖氏。初若敖娶於䢵，生鬥伯比。若敖卒，從其母畜於邧，淫於邧子之女，生子文焉，邧夫人使棄諸夢中，虎乳之，邧子田，見之，懼而歸，夫人以告，遂使收之。楚人謂乳穀，謂虎於菟。故命之曰鬥穀於菟，以其女妻伯比。實為令尹子文。其孫箴尹克黃，使於齊，還及宋，聞亂。其人曰，不可以人矣，箴尹曰：「棄君之命，獨誰受之君，天也，天可逃乎？」遂歸，復命，而自拘於司敗。王思子文之治楚國也，曰：「子文無後，何以勸善？」使復其所，改命曰生。 |
| | Initially, Ziliang, the Sishou of Chu, gave birth to a son named Yuejiao. Ziwen said: "He must be killed!" This child has the appearance of a Xiongtu and the voice of a wolf; if he is not killed, he will surely destroy the Ruoao clan. There is an old saying: "A wolf's cub harbors wild ambitions." "He is a wolf indeed—how can such a creature be kept?" old Ziliang disagreed. Ziwen regarded this as a great sorrow. As he was about to die, he gathered his clan and said: "If Yuejiao takes charge of government affairs, you must flee quickly and not fall into disaster." He wept and said: "Even ghosts seek food—will the spirits of the Ruoao clan not starve?" When Lord Ziwen, the Lingyin (Minister of Works), died, Dou Ban became the new Lingyin, and Yuejiao became Sishou. Wei Jia became Gongzheng (Minister of Engineering), falsely accused Zi Yang and had him killed. Yuejiao then became Lingyin, while Wei Jia was Sishou. Yuejiao also disliked Wei Jia, so he imprisoned Bo Ying, a member of the Ruoao clan, in Liaoyang and executed him. The Ruoao clan then settled at Zhengye and planned to attack the king. The king offered three of his sons as hostages, but they were not accepted. They stationed their army at Zhangshi. In autumn, seventh month, on the Wuxu day, Lord Chu and the Ruoao clan fought at Gouhu. Bofen shot at the king; his arrow struck the crossbar of the chariot, then hit the drum base, and finally embedded itself in a bronze bell. He shot again, striking the crossbar once more, piercing through the canopy pole of the chariot. The troops were frightened and retreated. The king sent someone to inspect the army, saying: "My ancestor King Wenwang conquered Xi and obtained three arrows; Bofen secretly took two of them, and this is all he has left." They beat the drums and advanced, thus annihilating the Ruoao clan. Initially, Ruoao married a woman from Yun, giving birth to Dou Bobi. After Ruoao died, [his son] was raised by his mother in Lu. He committed adultery with the daughter of Lusi and gave birth to Ziwen. The Lady of Lu ordered that he be abandoned in a dreamland (a marshy area), where tigers nursed him. When Lusi went out farming and saw this, he was frightened and returned home. His wife informed him about it, so they sent someone to retrieve the child. The people of Chu called milk "gu" and referred to a tiger as "wutu." Therefore, he was named Dou Gutowu. His daughter was married to Bobi. He was in fact the Lingyin Ziwen. His grandson Zhenyin Kehuang, while on a mission to Qi, returned and reached Song, where he heard of the rebellion. His people said: "We cannot return to our country anymore." Zhenyin replied: "To abandon the ruler's command, who else would accept it? The ruler is from Heaven; can we escape Heaven?" He thus returned, reported his mission, and confined himself to the Office of Punishment. The king thought about Ziwen's governance of the state of Chu and said: "If Ziwen has no descendants, how can we encourage virtue?" He had his position restored to him and changed his name to Sheng.
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冬，楚子伐鄭，鄭未服也。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Zheng because Zheng had not yet submitted.
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| | 宣公八年: |
八年，春，公至自會。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, the Duke returned from Hui.
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夏，六月，公子遂如齊，至黃乃復。 |
| | Summer, sixth month, Gongzi Sui went to Qi, and upon reaching Huang he returned.
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辛巳，有事于大廟，仲遂卒于垂，壬午，猶繹。萬入，去籥。 |
| | On the Xinsi day, there was an offering at the Great Temple; Zhong Sui died in Chui. On the Renwu day, they still continued with the sacrificial rites. Wan entered and took away the key.
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戊子，夫人嬴氏薨。 |
| | On the Wuzi day, Lady Ying Shi passed away.
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晉師、白狄伐秦。 |
| | The Jin forces and the Bai Di attacked Qin.
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楚人滅舒蓼。 |
| | The Chu people annihilated Shuliao.
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秋，七月，甲子，日有食之，既。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month, on the Jiazi day, there was a solar eclipse, total.
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冬，十月，己丑，葬我小君敬嬴。雨，不克葬。庚寅，日中而克葬。 |
| | Winter, tenth month, on the Jiuchou day, our Lady Jingying was buried. Rain prevented the burial. On the Gengyin day, at noon they were able to proceed with the burial.
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城平陽。 |
| | They built a wall around Pingyang.
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楚師伐陳。 |
| | The Chu forces attacked Chen.
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| | 宣公八年: |
八年，春，白狄及晉平。夏，會晉伐秦。晉人獲秦諜，殺諸絳市，六日而蘇。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, Bai Di and Jin made peace. Summer, they joined with Jin to attack Qin. The Jin people captured a Qin spy and executed him in Jiang market; after six days he revived.
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有事于大廟，襄仲卒而繹，非禮也。 |
| | There was an offering at the Great Temple, but sacrifices were still performed after Xiang Zhong's death, which was not in accordance with ritual.
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楚為眾舒叛，故伐舒蓼。滅之，楚子疆之。 |
| | Chu attacked Shuliao because the various Shu states had rebelled. They annihilated it, and King Chu claimed its territory.
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及滑汭，盟吳、越而還。 |
| | Upon reaching Hua Rui, they concluded an alliance with Wu and Yue before returning.
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晉胥克有蠱疾，郤缺為政。秋，廢胥克，使趙朔佐下軍。 |
| | Jin Xu Ke suffered from a gǔ disease; Xi Que administered the government affairs. Autumn, they deposed Xu Ke and appointed Zhao Shuo to assist in the lower army.
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冬，葬敬嬴，旱，無麻，始用葛茀。雨，不克葬，禮也。禮，卜葬，先遠日，辟不懷也。 |
| | 藟 Winter, Lady Jingying was buried; there was a drought, hemp was unavailable, so they first used kudzu for wrapping the coffin. Rain prevented the burial; this was in accordance with ritual. According to ritual, divination for a burial should be done first on an auspicious day far off, so as to avoid any suspicion of ill will.
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城平陽，書，時也。 |
| | They built the walls around Pingyang; this is recorded because it was timely.
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陳及晉平。楚師伐陳，取成而還。 |
| | Chen and Jin made peace. The Chu forces attacked Chen, concluded a treaty, and returned.
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八年，春，白狄及晉平。夏，會晉伐秦。晉人獲秦諜，殺諸絳市，六日而蘇。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring: Bai Di made peace with Jin. Summer: they joined Jin to attack Qin. The Jin people captured an agent of Qin, executed him in Jiang city, and after six days he revived.
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有事于大廟，襄仲卒而繹，非禮也。 |
| | There was a ritual at the Great Temple; sacrifices were still performed even though Xiang Zhong had died, which was not according to rites.
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楚為眾舒叛，故伐舒蓼。滅之，楚子疆之。 |
| | Chu attacked Shuliao due to the rebellion of many Shu states. They annihilated it; King Chu claimed its territory as his own.
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及滑汭，盟吳、越而還。 |
| | Upon reaching Hua Rui, he concluded an alliance with Wu and Yue, then returned.
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晉胥克有蠱疾，郤缺為政。秋，廢胥克，使趙朔佐下軍。 |
| | Jin Xu Ke was afflicted with a gǔ illness; Xi Que administered government affairs. Autumn: Xu Ke was deposed, and Zhao Shuo was appointed to assist the lower army.
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冬，葬敬嬴，旱，無麻，始用葛茀。雨，不克葬，禮也。禮，卜葬，先遠日，辟不懷也。 |
| | Winter: Lady Jingying was buried; there was a drought and no hemp available, so for the first time they used kudzu vines for the burial shroud. Rain prevented the burial, which conformed to ritual. According to rites, when divining for a burial date, one should first choose an auspicious day in the distant future, so as to avoid suspicion of ill intent.
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城平陽，書，時也。 |
| | The walls of Pingyang were built; this is recorded because it happened at a timely moment.
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陳及晉平。楚師伐陳，取成而還。 |
| | Chen and Jin made peace with each other. The Chu forces attacked Chen but concluded a truce before returning.
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| | 宣公九年: |
九年，春，王正月，公如齊。公至自齊。 |
| | In the ninth year [of his reign], spring, the first month of the king's calendar, the Gong went to Qi. The Gong returned from Qi.
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夏，仲孫蔑如京師。 |
| | In summer, Zhongsun Mie went to the capital.
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齊侯伐萊。 |
| | Duke Qi attacked Lai.
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秋，取根牟。 |
| | In autumn, Genmou was captured.
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八月，滕子卒。 |
| | In the eighth month, Duke Teng died.
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九月，晉侯，宋公，衛侯，鄭伯，曹伯，會于扈。 |
| | In the ninth month, Duke Jin, Gong Song, Duke Wei, Bo Zheng, and Bo Cao met at Hu.
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晉荀林父帥師伐陳。 |
| | Jin Xunlinfu led an army to attack Chen.
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辛酉，晉侯黑臀卒于扈。 |
| | On the Xinyou day, Duke Jin Heitun died at Hu.
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冬，十月，癸酉，衛侯鄭卒。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, on the Gouyou day, Duke Wei Zheng died.
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宋人圍滕。 |
| | The Song people besieged Teng.
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楚子伐鄭。 |
| | Duke Chu attacked Zheng.
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晉郤缺帥師救鄭。 |
| | Jin Xique led an army to rescue Zheng.
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陳殺其大夫洩冶。 |
| | Chen killed its official Yie Ya.
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| | 宣公九年: |
九年，春，王使來徵聘。夏，孟獻子聘於周。王以為有禮，厚賄之。 |
| | In the ninth year, spring, an envoy from the king came to request a visit. In summer, Meng Xianzi paid a courtesy visit to Zhou. The king considered him courteous and gave him generous gifts in return.
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秋，取根牟，言易也。 |
| | In autumn, Genmou was taken; it was said to have been easily captured.
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滕昭公卒。 |
| | Duke Zhaogong of Teng died.
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會于扈，討不睦也。陳侯不會。晉荀林父以諸侯之師伐陳。晉侯卒于扈，乃還。 |
| | They met at Hu to punish those who were not in harmony. Duke Chen did not attend the meeting. Jin Xunlinfu, leading an army of feudal lords, attacked Chen. Duke Jin died at Hu; the forces then withdrew.
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冬，宋人圍滕，因其喪也。 |
| | In winter, the Song people besieged Teng, taking advantage of its time of mourning.
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陳靈公與孔寧、儀行父通於夏姬，皆衷其衵服，以戲于朝。洩冶諫曰，公卿宣淫，民無效焉，且聞不令。君其納之！」公曰：「吾能改矣。」公告二子。二子請殺之，公弗禁，遂殺洩冶。孔子曰：「《》云：『』，其洩冶之謂乎！」」 |
| | Duke Linggong of Chen had an affair with Kong Ning and Yi Xingfu with Xia Ji; they all wore her undergarments inside their clothes, playing games in the court. Yie Ya advised, "The dukes and high officials openly indulge in lust; the people will have no example to follow. Moreover, it is heard as a bad reputation." "May Your Majesty please accept this advice!" The duke said, "I can reform myself." The duke informed the two men. The two men requested to kill him, and the duke did not forbid it; thus they killed Yie Ya. Confucius said, "The Book of Songs says: 'When the people have many wrongdoers, do not set an example of wrongdoing yourselves.' This must be referring to Yie Ya!"
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楚子為厲之役故，伐鄭。 |
| | Duke Chu launched a campaign against Zheng because of the events at Lai.
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晉郤缺救鄭。鄭伯敗楚師于柳棼。國人皆喜，唯子良憂曰：「是國之災也，吾死無日矣。」 |
| | Jin Xique came to rescue Zheng. Duke Zheng defeated the Chu army at Liufen. The people of the state were all happy, but Zi Liang was worried and said, "This is a disaster for our country. I have no more days to live."
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| | 宣公十年: |
十年，春，公如齊。公至自齊。 |
| | In the tenth year [of his reign], spring, the Gong went to Qi. The Gong returned from Qi.
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齊人歸我濟西田。 |
| | The people of Qi returned the western fields of Ji to us.
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夏，四月，丙辰，日有食之。 |
| | In summer, fourth month, on the Bingchen day (April 21, 479 BC), there was a solar eclipse.
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己巳，齊侯元卒。 |
| | On the Jisi day (May 2, 479 BC) Duke Yuan of Qi died.
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齊崔氏出奔衛。 |
| | The Cui clan of Qi fled to Wei.
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公如齊，五月，公至自齊。 |
| | The Gong went to Qi; in the fifth month, the Gong returned from Qi.
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癸巳，陳夏徵舒弒其君平國。 |
| | On the Guisi day (June 12, 598 BC), Chen Xiazhengshu killed his ruler Pingguo.
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六月，宋師伐滕。 |
| | In the sixth month, Song forces attacked Teng.
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公孫歸父如齊。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu went to Qi.
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葬齊惠公。晉人、宋人、衛人、曹人伐鄭。 |
| | The funeral of Duke Hui of Qi was held. Jin forces, Song forces, Wei forces, and Cao forces attacked Zheng.
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秋，天王使王季子來聘。 |
| | In autumn, the Son of Heaven sent Wang Jizi to pay a visit.
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公孫歸父帥師伐邾，取繹。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu led an army to attack Zhu and captured Yi.
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大水。 |
| | There was a great flood.
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季孫行父如齊。 |
| | Jisun Xingfu went to Qi.
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冬，公孫歸父如齊。齊侯使國佐來聘。 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu went to Qi Duke of Qi sent Guo Zhao to pay a visit
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饑，楚子伐鄭。 |
| | There was famine; King of Chu attacked Zheng
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| | 宣公十年: |
十年，春，公如齊。齊侯以我服故，歸濟西之田。 |
| | The tenth year, spring, the Gong went to Qi Duke of Qi returned the fields west of Ji because we had submitted
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夏，齊惠公卒。崔杼有寵於惠公，高，國畏其偪也，公卒而逐之，奔衛。書曰，崔氏，非其罪也，且告以族，不以名，凡諸侯之大夫違，告於諸侯曰，某氏之守臣某，失守宗廟，敢告。」所有玉帛之使者則告，不然，則否。 |
| | In summer, Duke Hui of Qi died Cui Zhu was favored by Duke Hui; Gao and Guo feared that he would become too powerful, so after the duke's death they drove him out, and he fled to Wei The Records state: "Cui Shi" [the surname was used instead of the personal name], for he was not guilty of a crime, and furthermore, it is announced by clan rather than by name. In general, when a high official under any feudal lord violates his duties, the announcement to other lords should read: 'A certain clan's chief minister, so-and-so, has failed in guarding the ancestral temple; we dare to report this.' If there are envoys carrying jade and silk [i.e., formal diplomatic envoys], then an announcement is made; otherwise, it is not
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公如齊奔喪。 |
| | The Gong went to Qi to mourn the death of Duke Hui
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陳靈公與孔寧，儀行父，飲酒於夏氏，公謂行父曰：「徵舒似女。」對曰：「亦似君。」徵舒病之。公出，自其廄射而殺之。二子奔楚。 |
| | Duke Ling of Chen and Kong Ning, Yixingfu drank together at Xia's house. The duke said to Xingfu: "Zhengshu looks like you." Xingfu replied: "He also resembles you, my lord." Zhengshu was offended by this. When the duke went out, Zhengshu shot and killed him from his stable The two men fled to Chu
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滕人恃晉而不事宋，六月，宋師伐滕。 |
| | The people of Teng relied on Jin and did not serve Song; in the sixth month, Song forces marched against Teng
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鄭及楚平。諸侯之師伐鄭，取成而還。 |
| | Zheng made peace with Chu The allied forces of the feudal lords attacked Zheng, reached an agreement, and then withdrew
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秋，劉康公來報聘。 |
| | In autumn, Liu Kanggong came to reciprocate a visit
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師伐邾，取繹。 |
| | Forces attacked Zhu and captured Yi
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季文子初聘于齊。 |
| | Ji Wenzhi made his first official visit to Qi
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冬，子家如齊，伐邾故也。國武子來報聘。 |
| | In winter, Zijia went to Qi because of the attack on Zhu Guo Wuzi came to reciprocate a visit.
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楚子伐鄭。晉士會救鄭，逐楚師于潁北。諸侯之師戍鄭。鄭子家卒。鄭人討幽公之亂，斲子家之棺，而逐其族。改葬幽公，諡之曰靈。 |
| | King of Chu attacked Zheng. Jin Shi Hui rescued Zheng and drove the Chu forces north of Ying. The allied forces of feudal lords garrisoned in Zheng. Zijia of Zheng died. The people of Zheng punished the chaos caused by You Gong, chopped open Zijia's coffin, and drove out his clan They reburied Duke You and posthumously honored him with the title Ling
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| | 宣公十一... : |
十有一年，春，王正月。 |
| | In the eleventh year, spring, the first month of the king.
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夏，楚子，陳侯，鄭伯，盟于辰陵。 |
| | In summer, Lord Chu, Duke Chen, and Marquis Zheng concluded an alliance at Chenling.
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公孫歸父會齊人伐莒。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu joined the Qi forces in attacking Ju.
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秋，晉侯會狄于欑函。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Jin met with the Di people at Cuanhan.
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冬，十月，楚人殺陳夏徵舒。 |
| | In winter, the tenth month, the Chu people killed Chen Xiazhengshu.
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丁亥，楚子入陳。納公孫寧儀行父于陳。 |
| | On the Dinghai day, Lord Chu entered Chen. He installed Gongsun Ning Yixingfu in Chen.
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| | 宣公十一... : |
十一年，春，楚子伐鄭，及櫟。子良曰：「晉、楚不務德而兵爭，與其來者可也。晉、楚無信，我焉得有信？」乃從楚，夏，楚盟于辰陵，陳、鄭服也。 |
| | In the eleventh year, spring; Lord Chu attacked Zheng and reached Li. Ziliang said: "Jin and Chu do not strive for virtue but wage wars with arms; it is acceptable to deal with those who come." "Since Jin and Chu are without trust, how can we have trust?" So they followed Chu. In summer, the alliance with Chu was concluded at Chenling; this was because Chen and Zheng had submitted.
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楚左尹子重侵宋，王待諸郔。 |
| | Zuo Yin Zizhong of Chu invaded Song, and King Wang waited for them at Yan.
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令尹蒍艾獵城沂，使封人慮事，以授司徒。量功命日，分財用，平板榦，稱畚築，程土物，議遠邇，略基趾，具餱糧，度有司，事三旬而成，不愆于素。 |
| | Lingyin Weiai Lie built the city of Yi; he ordered the official in charge of boundaries to consider matters and assigned them to the Siku. They measured the work and assigned days, distributed resources, leveled the foundation timbers, matched baskets with earth-moving tools, estimated materials, discussed distances near and far, outlined the site's base, prepared provisions, assessed the officials in charge, and completed the task within thirty days without deviating from their original plan.
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晉郤成子求成于眾狄，眾狄疾赤狄之役，遂服于晉，秋，會于欑函，眾狄服也，是行也，諸大夫欲召狄。郤成子曰：「吾聞之，非德，莫如勤，非勤，何以求人能勤，有繼。其從之也。《詩》曰：『文王既勤止。』文王猶勤，況寡德乎？」 |
| | Jin Xichengzi sought peace with the Zhong Di. The Zhong Di, weary of their conflict with the Chi Di, submitted to Jin. In autumn, they met at Cuanhan; this was because the Zhong Di had submitted. On this occasion, the high officials wanted to summon the Di people. Xichengzi said: "I have heard that without virtue, nothing is better than diligence. Without diligence, how can one seek others? Diligence has continuity." They should follow it. The "Poem" says: "King Wen was already diligent." "If King Wen, a virtuous ruler, was still diligent, how much more so for one with lesser virtue?"
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冬，楚子為陳夏氏亂故，伐陳。謂陳人「無動將討於少西氏」。遂入陳，殺夏徵舒，轘諸栗門。因縣陳，陳侯在晉。申叔時使於齊反，復命而退。王使讓之曰，夏徵舒為不道，弒其君，寡人以諸侯討而戮之，諸侯縣公皆慶寡人，女獨不慶寡人，何故？」對曰：「猶可辭乎？」王曰：「可哉！」曰夏徵舒弒其君，其罪大矣，討而戮之，君之義也，抑人亦有言曰，牽牛以蹊人之田，而奪之牛。』牽牛以蹊者，信有罪矣，而奪之牛。』罰已重矣，諸侯之從也，曰討有罪也。今縣陳，貪其富也。以討召諸侯，而以貪歸之，無乃不可乎？」王曰：「善哉吾未之聞也。反之，可乎？」對曰：「吾儕小人所謂『取諸其懷而與之』也。」乃復封陳。鄉取一人焉以歸，謂之夏州。故書曰：「楚子入陳。納公孫寧、儀行父于陳」，書有禮也。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Chen because of the disorder caused by the Xia clan in Chen. lname He told the people of Chen, "Do not move; we will punish the Shaoxi Shi." He then entered Chen, killed Xia Zhengshu, and had him dismembered at Limei Gate. Chen was thus made a county; Duke Chen was in Jin. Shenshushi, after returning from a mission to Qi, reported his orders and then withdrew. The king sent someone to reprimand him, saying: "Xia Zhengshu acted immorally and killed his lord. I punished and executed him on behalf of the feudal lords. All the county marquises among the feudal lords congratulated me, yet you alone did not congratulate me. Why is that?" He replied: "Is it still possible to make an excuse?" The king said: "That is acceptable!" He said: "Xia Zhengshu killed his lord; his crime was great. To punish and execute him is your duty as a ruler. Yet people also say, 'Lead an ox through someone's field, then take the ox away.'" "He who leads an ox to trample a field is indeed guilty, but to take his ox—" "—the punishment is already severe. The feudal lords followed you, saying it was to punish the criminal." "Now making Chen a county—this is out of greed for its wealth." "To summon the feudal lords under the pretense of punishment, yet to return with greed—is this not unacceptable?" The king said: "Well spoken! I have never heard it put so well before." "Shall we reverse the decision, then?" He replied: "We humble officials mean what is called 'taking it from one's own bosom and giving it away.'" Then they restored the state of Chen. They took one person from each village to return with them, and called it Xia Zhou. Therefore the records say: "Lord Chu entered Chen." "Installed Gongsun Ning and Yixingfu in Chen"—this is recorded because it was an act of propriety.
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厲之役，鄭伯逃歸，自是楚未得志焉。鄭既受盟于辰陵，又徼事于晉。 |
| | In the campaign at Li, Duke Zheng fled back to his state; since then, Chu had not achieved its ambitions. Zheng, having already concluded an alliance in Chenling, also sought favor with Jin.
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| | 宣公十二... : |
十有二年，春，葬陳靈公。 |
| | In the twelfth year [of his reign], spring, Duke Ling of Chen was buried.
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楚子圍鄭。 |
| | The ruler of Chu besieged Zheng.
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夏，六月，乙卯，晉荀林父帥師及楚子戰于邲，晉師敗績。 |
| | In summer, on the Yimao day of the sixth month, Jin Xun Linfu led his troops to fight against the ruler of Chu at Bi. The Jin forces suffered a crushing defeat.
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秋，七月。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month.
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冬，十有二月，戊寅，楚子滅蕭。 |
| | In winter, on the Wuyin day of the twelfth month, the ruler of Chu destroyed Xiao.
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晉人，宋人，衛人，曹人，同盟于清丘，宋師伐陳，衛人救陳。 |
| | The people of Jin, Song, Wei, and Cao formed an alliance at Qingqiu. The Song forces attacked Chen, and the people of Wei came to Chen's rescue.
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| | 宣公十二... : |
十二年，春，楚子圍鄭。旬有七日，鄭人卜行成不吉，卜臨于大宮，且巷出車，吉。國人大臨，守陴者皆哭。楚子退師。鄭人脩城。進復圍之，三月，克之。入自皇門，至于逵路。鄭伯肉袒牽羊以逆，曰，孤不天，不能事君，使君懷怒以及敝邑，孤之罪也。敢不唯命是聽其俘諸江南以實海濱，亦唯命。其翦以賜諸侯，使臣妾之，亦唯命。若惠顧前好，徼福於厲，宣，桓，武，不泯其社稷，使改事君，夷於九縣，君之惠也。孤之願也，非所敢望也，敢布腹心，君實圖之。」左右曰：「不可許也，得國無赦。」王曰：「其君能下人，必能信用其民矣，庸可幾乎！」退三十里，而許之平。潘尪入盟，子良出質。 |
| | The twelfth year [of the reign], spring, the ruler of Chu besieged Zheng. ้อย After seventeen days, the people of Zheng divined whether to seek peace and it was considered inauspicious. They then divined about proceeding to the Grand Temple and also about taking carts out through the alleys, which was considered auspicious. The people of the state mourned deeply; those defending the walls all wept. The ruler of Chu withdrew his troops. The people of Zheng repaired the city walls. They advanced again and besieged it; in March, they captured it. They entered through the Huang Gate and proceeded to the main roads. Duke Bo of Zheng, with his body bare and leading a sheep, went to meet them. He said, "I have been unkind to Heaven and failed to serve my lord properly, causing your anger to reach our humble state. This is my fault." How dare I not obey your command? Whether you take me and the people as captives to the southern banks of the River or settle us by the seashore, I will obey. If you wish to cut down our people and bestow them upon the feudal lords as servants or slaves, we shall also obey your command. If you would be gracious enough to recall our former good relations, and seek blessings from the spirits of Marquis Li, Duke Xuan, Duke Huan, and Duke Wu, not allowing our ancestral temple offerings to perish, and instead permitting us to change our service to you as equals among nine counties, this would be your grace. This is my humble wish, though not something I dare to hope for. I have the courage only to express my heartfelt thoughts; you must truly consider this matter." Those around him said: "We cannot agree, for once a state is captured, there is no forgiveness." The king said: "His ruler is able to humble himself; surely he can also gain the trust and loyalty of his people. How could we possibly destroy such a state!" They withdrew thirty li, and agreed to make peace with them. Pan Wang entered into an alliance; Zi Liang went out as a hostage.
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夏，六月，晉師救鄭。荀林父將中軍，先縠佐之。士會將上軍，郤克佐之。趙朔將下軍，欒書佐之。」趙括，趙嬰齊，為中軍大夫，鞏朔、韓穿為上軍大夫。荀首、趙同為下軍大夫。韓厥為司馬。及河，聞鄭既及楚平，桓子欲還，曰，無及於鄭，而勦民，焉用之，楚歸而動，不後。」隨武子曰：「善。會聞用師，觀釁而動。德、刑、政、事、典、禮不易，不可敵也，不為是征。楚軍討鄭，怒其貳而哀其卑，叛而伐之，服而舍之，德、刑成矣。伐叛，刑也，柔服，德也，二者立矣。昔歲入陳，今茲入鄭，民不罷勞，君無怨讟，政有經矣。荊尸而舉，商農工賈，不敗其業。而卒乘輯睦，事不奸矣。蒍敖為宰，擇楚國之令典，軍行，右轅，左追蓐，前茅慮無，中權後勁。百官象物而動，軍政不戒而備，能用典矣。其君之舉也，內姓選於親，外姓選於舊。舉不失德，賞不失勞，老有加惠，旅有施舍，君子小人，物有服章。貴有常尊，賤有等威，禮不逆矣。德立、刑行、政成、事時、典從、禮順，若之何敵之見可而進，知難而退，軍之善政也。兼弱攻昧，武之善經也。子姑整軍而經武乎猶有弱而昧者，何必楚仲虺有言曰『取亂侮亡』，兼弱也。《汋》曰『於鑠王師！遵養時晦，耆昧也，《武》曰：『無競惟烈。』撫弱耆昧，以務烈所，可也。」彘子曰：「不可。晉所以霸，師武、臣力也。今失諸侯，不可謂力。有敵而不從，不可謂武。由我失霸，不如死。且成師以出，聞敵彊而退，非夫也。命有軍師，而卒以非夫，唯群子能，我弗為也。」以中軍佐濟。 |
| | In summer, on the sixth month, the Jin forces came to rescue Zheng. Xun Linfu commanded the central army, with Xian Hu as his assistant. Shi Hui commanded the upper army, assisted by Xi Ke. Zhao Shuo commanded the lower army, with Luan Shu as his assistant." Zhao Kuo and Zhao Yingqi served as central army doctors; Gong Shuo and Han Chuan served as upper army doctors. Xun Shou and Zhao Tong served as lower army doctors. Han Jue was the Sima (military officer). When they reached the river, they heard that Zheng had already made peace with Chu. Marquis Huan wanted to return and said, "We have not yet reached Zheng but are already harassing the people; what use is there in continuing? Let us wait until after the Chu forces return before taking action." Sui Wuzi said, "Good. I have heard that when using troops, one should observe the enemy's weakness and then act. Morality, punishment, administration, affairs, institutions, and rites remain unchanged; such a state cannot be opposed, so we should not launch an expedition for this reason. The Chu army punished Zheng, angry at its duplicity yet moved by its humility. They attacked when it rebelled and forgave it when it submitted; thus morality and punishment were fulfilled. To punish rebellion is punishment, to subdue with gentleness is virtue—both have been established. Last year we entered Chen, and this year we entered Zheng; the people are not weary or burdened, nor does the ruler harbor resentment or complaints—this shows that governance follows a proper course. The soldiers were mobilized in an orderly manner; merchants, farmers, artisans, and traders did not abandon their occupations. And the foot-soldiers and charioteers remained united—this shows that affairs are free from corruption. Duo Ao served as prime minister, selecting the best regulations of Chu. When the army marched, it kept its right side forward and left side backward for rest; scouts were sent ahead to clear the way without omission, while command was centralized in the center with strength at the rear. All officials acted according to their roles and objects; military administration was prepared without need for constant warnings—this shows they could properly apply the established regulations. The appointments by their ruler were such that among the native clans, he chose relatives; and from outside clans, he selected those of long-standing. Appointments did not overlook virtue, rewards did not ignore merit; the elderly received additional kindness, and travelers were given charity. For both gentlemen and commoners, there was proper dress and distinction. The noble had fixed respect, the lowly had their ranks and authority—rituals were not violated. Virtue is established, punishment executed, governance accomplished, affairs timely handled, institutions followed, and rites observed. How then could we oppose them? When they see an opportunity to advance, they do so; when aware of difficulty, they retreat—this is the excellence of military administration. To join forces against the weak and attack those in darkness is the good strategy of warfare. You should now organize your troops and prepare for war, for there are still the weak and confused—why must we fight with Chu? Zhong Hui once said: "Take advantage of chaos and humiliate those who have perished"—this is to join forces against weakness. The Shuo says, "How brilliant is the king's army! It follows and nurtures at times of obscurity, for it waits on the old and confused. The Wu says: "Do not compete except in valor." "To comfort the weak and wait upon those who are confused, so as to pursue what is valiant—this is acceptable." Zhi Zi said: "No. Jin's dominance is due to the strength of its army and the efforts of its ministers. Now, having lost the feudal lords, we cannot be said to have strength. To face an enemy and not follow through is not true valor. If the loss of hegemony lies with us, it would be better to die. Moreover, having mustered our troops and gone out, if we now hear the enemy is strong and retreat, that is not manly. We have a commander for our army; yet if we end up as cowards, only you sons can do it—I will not do so." He used the deputy of the central army to cross.
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知莊子曰：「此師殆哉！周易有之，在師之臨曰：『師出以律，否臧，凶。』執事順成為臧，逆為否，眾散為弱，川壅為澤，有律以如己也。故曰，律否臧，且律竭也，盈而以竭，夭且不整，所以凶也，不行謂之臨，有帥而不從，臨孰甚焉此之謂矣。果遇必敗，彘子尸之。雖免而歸，必有大咎。」韓獻子謂桓子曰：「彘子以偏師陷，子罪大矣。子為元帥，師不用命，誰之罪也？失屬亡師，為罪已重，不如進也，事之不捷，惡有所分。與其專罪，六人同之，不猶愈乎？」師遂濟。 |
| | Zhi Zhuangzi said: "This campaign is in danger! The Book of Changes says so. In the hexagram Lin under Shī, it states: "When an army marches out according to law, if disorder and evil prevail, there will be misfortune." If those in charge act in accordance with order and achieve success, that is good; if they go against it, that is disorder. When the people disperse, strength becomes weakness; when rivers are blocked, they become marshes—this all depends on whether one follows the law as if for oneself. Therefore it says, "Disorder and evil arise from failure to follow the law," and furthermore, exhaustion follows. When fullness turns into depletion, when vitality is lost and order broken—this brings misfortune. To act without going forward is called Lin (admonition). Having a commander but not following him—who could be more severe in this situation? This is what it means. As expected, if they met the enemy, there would certainly be defeat, and Zhi Zi would bear responsibility for it. Even if he escaped and returned, there must surely be great blame." Han Xianzi said to Marquis Huan: "Zhi Zi led a detachment into danger; your guilt is great indeed. You are the supreme commander, yet the army did not obey orders—whose fault could this be? To lose your subordinates and the entire army is already a grave crime. It would be better to advance. If the matter does not succeed, the blame can be shared. Rather than bear the guilt alone, let six men share it; would this not still be better?" The army thus crossed.
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楚子北師次於郔。沈尹將中軍，子重將左，子反將右，將飲馬於河而歸。聞晉師既濟，王欲還，嬖人伍參欲戰。令尹孫叔敖弗欲，曰：「昔歲入陳，今茲入鄭，不無事矣。戰而不捷，參之肉其足食乎？」參曰：「若事之捷，孫叔為無謀矣。不捷，參之肉將在晉軍，可得食乎？」令尹南轅反旆，伍參言於王曰：「晉之從政者新，未能行令。其佐先縠剛愎不仁，未肯用命。其三帥者，專行不獲。聽而無上，眾誰適從此行也，晉師必敗。且君而逃臣，若社稷何？」王病之，告令尹改乘轅而北之，次于管以待之。 |
| | The ruler of Chu led his northern forces and stationed them at Yan. Shen Yin commanded the central army; Zi Zhong commanded the left, and Zi Fan commanded the right. They intended to drink their horses at the Yellow River before returning home. When he heard that the Jin army had already crossed, the king wanted to return, but his favorite retainer Wu Can wished to fight. The Ling Yin Sun Shuao did not want this, saying: "Last year we entered Chen; this year we have entered Zheng. There is no lack of affairs already. "If we fight and do not win, will the flesh of Can be enough to eat?" Can said: "If this affair is successful, then Sun Shuao would have been without strategy. "If we do not win, Can's flesh will be in the Jin army—can it still be eaten?" The Ling Yin turned his chariot southward and reversed the banner. Wu Can said to the king: "Those in charge of government affairs in Jin are new, and have not yet been able to carry out orders effectively. His deputy Xian Hu is rigid, stubborn, and unkind; he will not be willing to obey commands. The three commanders are acting independently without coordination. They listen to no one above them; who among the troops will follow? This campaign, the Jin army must surely be defeated. Moreover, if a ruler flees from his ministers, what of the ancestral temple and state?" The king was troubled by this. He informed the Ling Yin to change direction northward, stationing at Guan to await them.
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晉師在敖、鄗之間。鄭皇戌使如晉師，曰：「鄭之從楚，社稷之故也，未有貳心。楚師驟勝而驕，其師老矣，而不設備。子擊之，鄭師為承，楚師必敗。」彘子曰：「敗楚服鄭，於此在矣，必許之。」欒武子曰：楚自克庸以來，其君無日不討國人而訓之于民生之不易，禍至之無日，戒懼之不可以怠。在軍，無日不討軍實而申儆之，于勝之不可保、紂之百克而卒無後，訓之以若敖、蚡冒篳路藍縷以啟山林。箴之曰：『民生在勤，勤則不匱。』不可謂驕。先大夫子犯有言曰：『師直為壯，曲為老。』我則不德，而徼怨于楚，我曲楚直，不可謂老。其君之戎，分為二廣，廣有一卒，卒偏之兩。右廣初駕，數及日中，左則受之，以至于昏，內官序當其夜，以待不虞。不可謂無備。子良，鄭之良也，師叔，楚之崇也，師叔入盟，子良在楚，楚、鄭親矣。來勸我戰，我克則來，不克遂往，以我卜也鄭不可從。」趙括、趙同曰：「率師以來，唯敵是求。克敵、得屬，又何俟必從彘子。」知季曰：「原、屏，咎之徒也。」趙莊子曰：「欒伯善哉實其言，必長晉國。」 |
| | The Jin army was between Ao and Hao. Zheng Huang Xu was sent to the Jin camp, saying: "Zheng's alliance with Chu is for the sake of our ancestral temple and state; we have not had a second thought. "The Chu forces, after repeated victories, are arrogant; their troops are exhausted yet lack preparedness. If you attack them, the Zheng army will support you—Chu's forces must surely be defeated." Zhi Zi said: "To defeat Chu and subdue Zheng lies in this opportunity; we must certainly agree to it." Luan Wuzi said: "Since Chu defeated Yong, its ruler has not had a day without admonishing the people and instructing them on how difficult it is to sustain life, how sudden disaster can come, and that vigilance cannot be relaxed. In the army, there has not been a day without reviewing military supplies and issuing warnings. They have reminded them that victory cannot be guaranteed; even although ZHOU had a hundred victories, he ultimately left no descendants. They taught them by citing Ruoao and Fenmou, who endured hardship with patched-up carts and frayed clothes to open up the mountains and forests. They advised: "The people's livelihood depends on diligence; where there is diligence, there will be no shortage." Therefore, they cannot be called arrogant. The late official Zi Fan once said: "An army with just cause is strong; one without it becomes weary." We have been unjust, and we have provoked resentment in Chu. We are the ones who are wrong; they are just. Therefore, it cannot be said that their forces are weary. Their ruler's troops were divided into two Guang formations. Each Guang had one Zu, and each Zu was split into two Bian. The right Guang began harnessing the chariots at dawn, and by midday had completed several rounds. The left Guang then took over, continuing until dusk. During the night, internal officials followed a sequence to be on duty in case of unexpected events. Therefore, it cannot be said they were unprepared. Zi Liang is a virtuous man of Zheng, and Shishu is esteemed in Chu. Since Shishu entered into an alliance, Zi Liang was in Chu—thus the relations between Chu and Zheng have become close. They came to urge us to fight; if we win, they will come with us; if not, they will go ahead and use our outcome as an omen. Zheng cannot be followed." Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong said: "We have led the army here, seeking only to fight the enemy. Defeating the enemy and gaining subordinates—why wait for anything else? We need not necessarily follow Zhi Zi." Zhi Ji said: "Yuan Ping is merely a follower of guilt." Zhao Zhuangzi said: "Luan Bo spoke well and truthfully; he will surely be a great leader for Jin."
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楚少宰如晉師。曰：「寡君少遭閔凶，不能文。聞二先君之出入此行也，將鄭是訓定，豈敢求罪于晉二三子無淹久！」隨季對曰：「昔平王命我先君文侯曰：『與鄭夾輔周室，毋廢王命！』今鄭不率，寡君使群臣問諸鄭，豈敢辱候人敢拜君命之辱。」彘子以為諂，使趙括從而更之，曰：「行人失辭。寡君使群臣遷大國之跡於鄭，曰：『無辟敵！』群臣無所逃命。」楚子又使求成于晉，晉人許之，盟有日矣。楚許伯御樂伯，攝叔為右，以致晉師。許伯曰：「吾聞致師者，御靡旌摩壘而還。」樂伯曰，吾聞致師者，左射以菆，代御執轡，御下，兩馬、掉鞅而還。」攝叔曰，吾聞致師者，右入壘，折馘，執俘而還。」皆行其所聞而復。晉人逐之，左右角之。樂伯左射馬而右射人，角不能進，矢一而已。麋興於前，射麋麗龜。晉鮑癸當其後，使攝叔奉麋獻焉，曰：「以歲之非時，獻禽之未至，敢膳諸從者。」鮑癸止之曰：「其左善射，其右有辭，君子也。」既免。 |
| | The minor minister of Chu went to the camp of Jin. He said: "My lord, at a young age, he encountered misfortune and calamity, so he is unable to be eloquent. He heard that the two former lords of our state, when they traveled this route, were determined to instruct and pacify Zheng. How could we dare to seek punishment from you, gentlemen of Jin? Do not delay for long!" lords Sui Ji replied: "In the past, King Ping ordered our late lord Duke Wen of Jin, saying: 'Together with Zheng, assist and support the Zhou dynasty; do not neglect the king's commands!' Now that Zheng is not following orders, my lord has sent his ministers to inquire of Zheng. How dare we trouble the attendants? We respectfully bow and accept your lord's command." Zhi Zi thought this was flattery, so he sent Zhao Kuo to replace him, saying: "The envoy has used improper words. My lord ordered his ministers to impose the footsteps of a great state upon Zheng, saying: "Do not avoid the enemy!" The ministers have nowhere to escape their orders." Duke of Chu again sent envoys to seek peace with Jin, and the people of Jin agreed. A date for the alliance had already been set. Chu Xu Bo drove Le Bo, while She Shu served as his charioteer's right-hand man, to confront the army of Jin. Xu Bo said: "I have heard that when one challenges an enemy force, the driver should lower the flag, touch the enemy's fortification with the whip, and then return." Le Bo said: "I have heard that when challenging an enemy force, one should shoot to the left with a bow, hand over the reins for another to drive, descend from the chariot, let two horses loose, and return by pulling on the reins." She Shu said: "I have heard that when challenging an army, one enters the enemy's camp on the right side, cuts off ears as trophies, captures prisoners, and returns." Each did according to what he had heard and then returned. The Jin forces pursued them, attacking from both sides. Le Bo shot at the horse with his left hand and at the soldier with his right; the Jin forces could not advance further, having used only one arrow. A deer suddenly appeared in front of him, so he shot it and wounded a turtle. A Jin officer named Bao Gui was stationed behind them. He ordered She Shu to present the deer as an offering, saying: "Since this is not the proper season of the year and game has yet to arrive, we dare offer this meat to your attendants." Bao Gui stopped him and said: "The man on the left is good at shooting, and the one on the right speaks eloquently; they are gentlemen." They were then released.
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晉魏錡求，公族未得，而怒，欲敗晉師。請致師，弗許。請使，許之。遂往，請戰而還。楚潘黨逐之，及熒澤，見六麋，射一麋以顧獻。曰：子有軍事，獸人無乃不給於鮮，敢獻於從者。」叔黨命去之。趙旃求卿未得，且怒於失楚之致師者。請挑戰，弗許。請召盟，許之。與魏錡皆命而往。郤獻子曰，二憾往矣，弗備，必敗。」彘子曰，鄭人勸戰，弗敢從也，楚人求成，弗能好也，師無成命，多備何為？」士季曰：「備之善。若二子怒楚，楚人乘我，喪師無日矣。不如備之。楚之無惡，除備而盟，何損於好若以惡來，有備不敗。且雖諸侯相見，軍衛不徹，警也。」彘子不可。 |
| | Jin Wei Qi sought something, but the royal clan had not yet obtained it; he became angry and wished to destroy the Jin army. He requested permission to challenge the enemy force, but was refused. He then asked for a diplomatic mission and was granted permission. So he went, requested battle, and returned. Chu Pan Dang pursued him; they reached Ying Ze, where six deer were seen. He shot one and sent it back as a gift. He said: "Since you have military affairs, the hunters may not be able to provide fresh game; we dare offer this deer to your attendants." Shu Dang ordered it removed. Zhao Zhan had not yet been granted the rank of Qing, and was also angry about losing to the envoy from Chu who challenged them. He requested permission to issue a challenge, but it was denied. lando He then asked for an invitation to form an alliance and was granted permission. Both he and Wei Qi were ordered to go. Xi Xianzi said: "Two men with grievances are going; if we do not prepare, we will surely be defeated." Zhi Zi said: "The people of Zheng urged us to fight, but we dared not follow. The people of Chu sought peace, yet we could not accept it. Since the army has no clear orders, what is the point of being over-prepared?" Shi Ji said: "It is good to be prepared." If these two men anger Chu, and the people of Chu attack us, we will suffer a defeat in no time at all. "It is better to prepare for it." "If Chu has no ill intent, we can remove our preparations and form an alliance—what harm would that do to good relations? But if they come with hostility, being prepared will prevent defeat." "Moreover, even when feudal lords meet each other, their military guards do not disband; this is a precautionary measure." Zhi Zi did not agree.
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士季使鞏朔，韓穿，帥七覆于敖前，故上軍不敗。趙嬰齊使其徒先具舟于河，故敗而先濟。 |
| | Shi Ji sent Gong Shuo and Han Chuan to lead seven companies in ambush ahead of Ao, so the upper army did not suffer defeat. Zhao Yingqi had his men prepare boats along the river beforehand, so when they were defeated, he and his forces crossed to safety first.
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潘黨既逐魏錡，趙旃夜至於楚軍，席於軍門之外，使其徒入之。楚子為乘廣三十乘，分為左右右。廣雞鳴而駕，日中而說。左則受之，日入而說。許偃御右廣，養由基為右，彭名御左廣，屈蕩為右，乙卯，王乘左廣以逐趙旃。趙旃棄車而走林，屈蕩搏之，得其甲裳。晉人懼二子之怒楚師也，使軘車逆之。潘黨望其塵，使騁而告曰：「晉師至矣！」楚人亦懼王之入晉軍也，遂出陳。孫叔曰：「進之寧我薄人，無人薄我。《詩》云：『元戎十乘，以先啟行。』先人也，《軍志》曰『先人有奪人之心』，薄之也。」遂疾進師，車馳卒奔，乘晉軍。桓子不知所為，鼓於軍中曰：「先濟者有賞！」中軍、下軍爭舟，舟中之指可掬也。 |
| | After Pan Dang had pursued Wei Qi, Zhao Zhan arrived at the camp of Chu that night. He sat outside the gate of the military encampment and sent his men inside. Duke of Chu prepared thirty chariots, dividing them into left and right wings on the right side. The right wing harnessed their chariots at cockcrow and unharnessed by midday. Then the left wing took over, unyoking their horses as the sun set. Xu Yan drove the right Guang, with Yang Youji as his charioteer on the right. Peng Ming drove the left Guang, with Qu Dang as his charioteer to the right. On Yi Mao day, the king rode in the left Guang to pursue Zhao Zhan. Zhao Zhan abandoned his chariot and fled into the woods; Qu Dang chased after him and captured his armor and lower garment. The Jin people, fearing that these two men would anger the Chu army, sent a carriage to intercept them. Pan Dang saw their dust and ordered someone to gallop ahead and report: "The Jin army is coming!" The people of Chu also feared that the king might be captured by the Jin forces, so they deployed their troops. Sun Shu said: "Advance! Better for us to attack them than for them to attack us." The Book of Songs says: "Ten chariots lead the way, opening the path ahead." This means to strike first. The Military Manual says: "To attack before the enemy does is to seize their will," which means to press forward against them." So they quickly advanced, with chariots galloping and foot soldiers running, charging into the Jin army. Huan Zi did not know what to do, so he beat a drum in the camp and declared: "Rewards will be given to those who cross first!" The middle army and lower army competed for the boats, with so many fingers lost in the water that they could be scooped up by handfuls.
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晉師右移，上軍未動。工尹齊將右拒卒以逐下軍。楚子使唐狡，與蔡鳩居，告唐惠侯，曰：「不穀不德而貪，以遇大敵，不穀之罪也。然楚不克，君之羞也。敢藉君靈以濟楚師。」使潘黨率游闕四十乘，從唐侯以為左拒，以從上軍。駒伯曰：「待諸乎？隨季曰，楚師方壯，若萃於我，吾師必盡，不如收而去之。分謗生民，不亦可乎？」殿其卒而退，不敗。 |
| | The Jin forces shifted to their right side; the upper army had not yet moved. Gong Yin Qi led the right reserve troops to pursue the lower army of Jin. Duke of Chu sent Tang Jiao and Cai Jiujū to inform Duke Hui of Tang, saying: "I am unworthy and greedy, yet I have encountered a powerful enemy. This is my fault." "However, if Chu cannot prevail, it will be a disgrace to you, your lordship. We dare to rely on the power of your lordship to assist our forces." He ordered Pan Dang to lead forty mobile chariots, following Duke Tang as the left wing formation to support the upper army. Ju Bo said: "Shall we wait for them?" Sui Ji said: "The Chu forces are at their peak. If they concentrate against us, our entire army will be destroyed. It is better to withdraw and regroup." "Dividing the blame and preserving our people—would that not be acceptable?" They withdrew with their rear guard intact, thus avoiding defeat.
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王見右廣，將從之乘。屈蕩尸之曰：「君以此始，亦必以終。」自是楚之乘廣先左。晉人或以廣隊，不能進，楚人惎之脫扃，少進，馬還，又惎之拔旆投衡，乃出。顧曰：「吾不如大國之數奔也。」趙旃以其良馬二濟其兄與叔父。以他馬反，遇敵不能去，棄車而走林。逢大夫與其二子乘，謂其二子無顧。顧曰，趙傁在後，怒之，使下，指木曰：「尸女於是。」授趙旃綏以免。明日以表尸之，皆重獲在木下。楚熊負羈囚知罃。知莊子以其族反之，廚武子御，下軍之士多從之。每射，抽矢菆，納諸廚子之房。廚子怒曰，非子之求，而蒲之愛，董澤之蒲，可勝既乎？」知季曰：「不以人子，吾子其可得乎？吾不可以苟射故也，射連尹襄老，獲之，遂載其尸，射公子穀臣，囚之，以二者還。及昏，楚師軍於邲，晉之餘師不能軍，宵濟，亦終夜有聲。丙辰，楚重至於邲，遂次于衡雍。潘黨曰，君盍築武軍，而收晉尸以為京觀臣聞克敵必示子孫，以無忘武功。」楚子曰：「非爾所知也。夫文，止戈為武。武王克商，作《頌》曰：『載戢干戈，載櫜弓矢。我求懿德，肆于時夏，允王保之，又作《武》，其卒章曰：『耆定爾功。』其三曰：『鋪時繹思，我徂維求定。』其六曰：『綏萬邦，屢豐年。』夫武，禁暴、戢兵、保大、定功、安民、和眾、豐財者也。故使子孫無忘其章。今我使二國暴骨，暴矣，觀兵以威諸侯，兵不戢矣，暴而不戢，安能保大猶有晉在，焉得定功所違民欲猶多，民何安焉無德而強爭諸侯，何以和眾？利人之幾，而安人之亂，以為己榮，何以豐財武有七德，我無一焉，何以示子孫其為先君宮，告成事而已。武非吾功也。古者明王，伐不敬，取其鯨鯢而封之，以為大戮，於是乎有京觀，以懲淫慝，今罪無所，而民皆盡忠以死君命，又何以為京觀乎？」祀于河，作先君宮，告成事而還。 |
| | The king saw the right Guang and was about to ride in it. Qu Dang stopped him, saying: "If you begin with this chariot, you must also end your journey in it." From then on, the right Guang of Chu would lead from the left side. Some Jin forces, using their Guang formations, could not advance. The Chu people tricked them into unlocking the chariot restraints; they slightly advanced but then the horses turned back. Again, the Chu forces tricked them by pulling down the banners and removing the crossbar, allowing the Jin to finally withdraw. Looking back, they said: "We are not as skilled in repeated retreats as a great state." Zhao Zhan used his two fine horses to ferry his elder brother and uncle across the river. He returned on another horse, but encountered the enemy and could not escape; he abandoned his chariot and ran into the woods. Duke Pang and his two sons rode together. He told his two sons, "Do not look back." They looked back and saw Zhao Zhan behind them. They became angry with him, made him get down from the chariot, pointed to a tree, and said: "Die here." They gave Zhao Zhan a 绥 (a strap for climbing into a chariot) so he could escape. The next day, they marked the spot and searched for his body; all found was the heavy armor beneath the tree. Chu Xiong Fuiji captured Zhi Ying. Zhi Zhuangzi led his clan in a counterattack, with Chu Wuzi driving the chariot; many of the lower army's soldiers followed him. Each time he shot an arrow, he drew it from his quiver and placed it in Chu Zizi's chariot compartment. Chu Zizi angrily said: "This is not what you sought, but rather your love for reeds. The reeds of Dong Ze are abundant—can they be exhausted?" Zhi Ji said: "If we do not treat others' sons as our own, can we expect to recover our own son?" "I cannot shoot carelessly for the sake of sport," he said. He shot and captured Lian Yin Xianglao, then loaded his corpse onto the chariot. He also shot Gongzi Guchen, capturing him alive, and returned with both prisoners. By dusk, the Chu forces encamped at Bi. The remaining Jin troops could not form a camp and crossed the river under cover of night, making noise throughout the entire night. On Bingchen day, the main forces of Chu arrived at Bi and encamped at Hengyong. Pan Dang said: "Why don't you build a military monument, my lord, and collect the corpses of the Jin soldiers to create a viewing platform? I have heard that after defeating an enemy, one must display it for descendants so they will not forget our martial achievements." Duke of Chu said: "That is not something you understand. "True martial virtue lies in ceasing hostilities—this is the meaning of 'wu' (military virtue)." "When King Wu of Zhou defeated the Shang, he composed a "Song" saying: 'Store away weapons and bows, put them in their sheaths. 'I seek noble virtue, and thus spread it throughout the world; indeed, King Wu preserved this. He also composed a "Wu," whose final chapter says: 'Establish your achievements firmly.'" Its third section says: "Extend your thoughts and plans; I go forth to seek stability." Its sixth section says: "Stabilize all states, bring many years of abundant harvests." "True 'wu' means to restrain violence, stop warfare, preserve greatness, establish achievements, pacify the people, harmonize the masses, and enrich resources. Therefore, one ensures that descendants do not forget these principles. "Now, by exposing the bones of two states, we have been violent. Displaying our military strength to intimidate the feudal lords means warfare is not ceased. Violence without ceasing warfare—how can one preserve greatness? The Jin state still exists; how can achievements be established? There are still many actions that go against the people's wishes; how can the people find peace? Without virtue yet forcefully contending for dominance among the feudal lords, how can we harmonize the masses?" "Taking advantage of others' misfortunes and causing disorder among the people, yet regarding it as one's own glory—how can resources be enriched? 'Wu' has seven virtues, but I possess none. How then can I set an example for my descendants? To build a palace in honor of our ancestors is merely to announce completed achievements." "Military virtue is not my achievement." "In ancient times, enlightened kings waged war against those who showed disrespect. They captured their leaders and displayed them as a great punishment; thus arose the viewing platforms to punish licentiousness and wickedness. Now there is no clear crime, yet all the people have died in loyal obedience to your command—what then would be the purpose of building such a platform?" They held sacrifices at the Yellow River, built a palace for their ancestors, announced the completion of their achievements, and then returned.
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是役也，鄭石制實入楚師，將以分鄭，而立公子魚臣。辛未，鄭殺僕叔及子服。君子曰：「史佚所謂『毋怙亂』者，謂是類也。《詩》曰：『亂離瘼矣，爰其適歸？』歸於怙亂者也夫！」鄭伯、許男如楚。秋，晉師歸，桓子請死，晉侯欲許之，士貞子諫曰：「不可。城濮之役，晉師三日穀，文公猶有憂色。左右曰：『有喜而憂，如有憂而喜乎？』公曰：『得臣猶在，憂未歇也。困獸猶鬥，況國相乎！』及楚殺子玉，公喜而後可知也，曰：『莫余毒也。』已是晉再克，而楚再敗也，楚是以再世不競，今天或者大警晉也。而又殺林父以重楚勝，其無乃久不競乎林父之事君也，進思盡忠，退思補過，社稷之衛也，若之何殺之夫其敗也，如日月之食焉，何損於明？」晉侯使復其位。 |
| | In this campaign, Shi Zhi of Zheng actually entered the army of Chu, intending to divide Zheng and establish Gongzi Yuchen as a ruler. On Xinwei day, Zheng killed Pushu and Zifu. The gentlemen said: "This is what Shi Yi meant by 'do not rely on chaos'—he was referring to people like these." "The Book of Songs says: 'Chaos and suffering have been great; where should they return to?'" "They will return to those who rely on chaos!" Duke Zheng and Marquis Xu went to Chu. In autumn, the Jin forces returned. Huanzi requested death as punishment. Duke of Jin wanted to grant it, but Shi Zhenzi advised: "No, you must not." "In the campaign at Chengpu, after three days of receiving provisions from the enemy, Duke Wen still showed a worried expression. Those around him said: "To have joy yet worry is strange—would it not be better to have sorrow and yet find joy?" The duke replied: "Chengde is still alive; my worries are far from over. "Even a cornered beast will fight, how much more so a state's prime minister!" "When Chu killed Ziyu, the duke was delighted and said: 'No one can harm me now.'" "This marked Jin's second victory and Chu's second defeat. Because of this, Chu has not been able to compete for two generations. Today, perhaps Heaven is sending a great warning to Jin." "To kill Linfu and further emphasize Chu's victory would only prolong Jin's inability to compete. Linfu served his lord by striving for loyalty in advancement and seeking to correct mistakes when retreating; he was a guardian of the state. How could one kill such a man? His failure was like an eclipse of the sun or moon—how much light has it truly diminished?" Duke of Jin ordered Linfu to resume his former position.
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冬，楚子伐蕭，宋華椒以蔡人救蕭。蕭人囚熊相宜僚及公子丙。王曰：「勿殺，吾退。」蕭人殺之。王怒，遂圍蕭。蕭潰，申公巫臣曰：「師人多寒。」王巡三軍，拊而勉之，三軍之士皆如挾纊。遂傅於蕭。還無社與司馬卯言，號申叔展。叔展曰：「有麥麴乎？」曰無，「有山鞠窮乎？曰無，河魚腹疾奈何，曰：「目於眢井而拯之。」「若為茅絰，哭井則已。」明日，蕭潰。申叔視其井，則茅絰存焉，號而出之。 |
| | In winter, Duke of Chu attacked Xiao. Hua Jiao of Song led the people of Cai to rescue Xiao. The people of Xiao imprisoned Xiongxiang Yilao and Gongzi Bing. King Chu said: "Do not kill them, and I will withdraw." The people of Xiao killed them. King Chu was furious, and so he besieged Xiao. Xiao collapsed. Shen Gong Wuchen said: "The soldiers are suffering from the cold." King Chu toured the three armies, comforted and encouraged them. The soldiers of all three armies felt as if they were wrapped in down. He then laid siege to Xiao. Huan Wu She and Sima Mao spoke, calling out the name Shen Shuzhan. Shuzhan asked: "Do you have wheat malt?" "No," he replied. "How about mountain yuqiong?" "No," he said again. "What of the disease in the bellies of river fish? How can we deal with it?" He replied: "Look into a dry well and rescue them." "Then make a mourning sash of reeds and weep by the well—that will be enough." The next day, Xiao collapsed. Shen Shuzhan looked into the well and found the reed sash still there; he wept and retrieved it.
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晉原縠、宋華椒、衛孔達、曹人同盟于清丘。曰：「恤病，討貳。」於是卿不書，不實其言也。宋為盟故，伐陳。衛人救之。孔達曰：「先君有約言焉。若大國討，我則死之。」 |
| | Yuan Hu of Jin, Hua Jiao of Song, Kong Da of Wei, and the people of Cao formed an alliance at Qingqiu. They said: "Show compassion to those in distress; punish those who are disloyal." At this time, the ministers were not recorded—because their words did not reflect true intentions. Song attacked Chen because of the alliance. The people of Wei came to its rescue. Kong Da said: "Our ancestors made a mutual agreement." "If a great state punishes, we shall die for it."
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| | 宣公十四... : |
十有四年，春，衛殺其大夫孔達。夏，五月，壬申，曹伯壽卒。 |
| | In the fourteenth year [of his reign], spring, Wei killed its grandee Kong Da. In summer, fifth month, on the Renshen day, Cao Boshou died.
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晉侯伐鄭。 |
| | The ruler of Jin attacked Zheng.
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秋，九月，楚子圍宋。 |
| | In autumn, ninth month, the ruler of Chu besieged Song.
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葬曹文公。 |
| | Cao Wengong was buried.
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冬，公孫歸父會齊侯于穀。 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu met with the ruler of Qi at Gu.
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| | 宣公十四... : |
十四年，春，孔達縊而死。衛人以說于晉而免。遂告于諸侯曰：「寡君有不令之臣達，構我敝邑于大國，既伏其罪矣，敢告。」衛人以為成勞，復室其子，使復其位。 |
| | In the fourteenth year, spring, Kong Da hanged himself and died. The people of Wei avoided punishment by offering explanations to Jin. They then informed the feudal lords, saying: "Our lord has an untrustworthy minister named Da, who incited our small state against a great power. He has already been punished for his crime; we dare to report this." The people of Wei regarded this as an achievement and labor, so they provided a house for his son and allowed him to resume his position.
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夏，晉侯伐鄭，為邲故也。告於諸侯，蒐焉而還，中行桓子之謀也。曰：「示之以整，使謀而來。」鄭人懼，使子張代子良于楚。鄭伯如楚，謀晉故也。鄭以子良為有禮，故召之。 |
| | In summer, the ruler of Jin attacked Zheng because of the matter at Bi. He informed the feudal lords and conducted a military review before returning; this was the plan of Zhonghang Huanzi. It said: "Show them our orderliness, so that they will come with plans." The people of Zheng were afraid and sent Zi Zhang to replace Ziliang at the court of Chu. Duke Zhuang of Zheng went to Chu, because of matters concerning Jin. Zheng regarded Ziliang as courteous, so they summoned him.
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楚子使申舟聘于齊，曰：「無假道于宋」。亦使公子馮聘于晉，不假道于鄭。申舟以孟諸之役惡宋，曰，鄭昭，宋聾，晉使不害，我則必死。」王曰：「殺女，我伐之。」見犀而行。及宋，宋人止之。華元曰：「過我而不假道，鄙我也。鄙我，亡也。殺其使者，必伐我。伐我，亦亡也。亡一也，乃殺之，楚子聞之，投袂而起，屨及於窒皇，劍及於寢門之外，車及於蒲胥之市，秋，九月，楚子圍宋。 |
| | The ruler of Chu sent Shen Zhou on a diplomatic mission to Qi and said: "Do not request passage through Song." He also sent Gongzi Feng on a diplomatic mission to Jin, without requesting passage through Zheng. Shen Zhou said: "Because of the Mengzhu campaign, I have a grudge against Song. Zheng is clear-minded, but Song is deaf to reason; Jin's envoy will not be harmed, but I am certainly going to die." The king said: "If they kill you, I shall attack them." He proceeded after seeing Xi. When he arrived at Song, the people of Song stopped him. Hua Yuan said: "Passing through our territory without requesting permission is treating us as a remote and insignificant state." To treat us this way is to invite annihilation. If we kill their envoy, they will certainly attack us. To be attacked by them is also annihilation. Whether we perish now or later, it is the same. So they killed him. When the ruler of Chu heard about this, he threw aside his sleeve and rose up in anger; his shoes were caught at Zhihuang, his sword outside the sleeping chamber gate, and his chariot reached the marketplace of Puxu. In autumn, ninth month, the ruler của Chu besieged Song.
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冬，公孫歸父會齊侯于穀。見晏桓子，與之言魯，樂。桓子告高宣子。曰：「子家其亡乎！懷於魯矣，懷必貪，貪必謀人。謀人，人亦謀己。一國謀之，何以不亡？」 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu convened with the ruler of Qi in Gu. He met Yan Huanzi and spoke about Lu with him, which brought him joy. Huanzi informed Gao Xuanzi. He said: "The family of Zi must be in danger!" "They have become attached to Lu. Attachment leads to greed, and greed inevitably leads to plotting against others." "To plot against others means that others will also plot against you." "If an entire state is plotting against them, how can they avoid destruction?"
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孟獻子言於公曰，臣聞小國之免於大國也，聘而獻物，於是有庭實旅百。朝而獻功，於是有容貌，采章，嘉淑，而有加貨，謀其不免也。誅而薦賄，則無及也。今楚在宋，君其圖之！」公說。 |
| | Meng Xiansi said to the ruler: "I have heard that small states can avoid falling victim to great powers by sending envoys and offering tribute, thereby accumulating a hundred items of courtly gifts." "By attending court and presenting achievements, they gain appearances, colorful decorations, commendations, and added gifts; this is how one avoids being targeted for schemes." "If one is punished and bribes are offered too late, it will be of no avail." "Now that Chu has taken Csong, Your Majesty should devise a plan!" The ruler was pleased.
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| | 宣公十五... : |
十有五年，春，公孫歸父會楚子于宋。 |
| | In the fifteenth year [of his reign], spring, Gongsun Guifu met with King Chǔ of Chu in Song.
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夏，五月，宋人及楚人平。 |
| | In summer, fifth month, the people of Song and the people of Chu made peace.
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六月，癸卯，晉師滅赤狄潞氏，以潞子嬰兒歸。 |
| | On the Gaimao day of the sixth month, the Jin forces annihilated the Chi Di Lu Shi clan and brought back Luxizi Yingying.
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秦人伐晉。 |
| | The Qin people attacked Jin.
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王札子殺召伯、毛伯。 |
| | Wang Zhai Zi killed Zhao Bo and Mao Bo.
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秋螽。 |
| | In autumn, locusts swarmed.
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仲孫蔑會齊高固于無婁。 |
| | Zhong Sunmie met with Gao Gu of Qi at Wulou.
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初稅畝。 |
| | The initial land tax was levied.
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冬，蝝生。 |
| | In winter, locust eggs were born.
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饑。 |
| | There was a famine.
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| | 宣公十五... : |
十五年，春，公孫歸父會楚子于宋。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, spring, Gongsun Guifu convened with King Chu of Chu in Song.
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宋人使樂嬰齊告急于晉，晉侯欲救之。伯宗曰：「不可古人有言曰：『雖鞭之長，不及馬腹。』天方授楚，未可與爭。雖晉之彊，能違天乎？諺曰，高下在心，川澤納汙，山藪藏疾，瑾瑜匿瑕，國君含垢，天之道也。君其待之。」乃止，使解揚如宋，使無降楚，曰：「晉師悉起，將至矣。」鄭人囚而獻諸楚，楚子厚賂之，使反其言。不許，三而許之。登諸樓車，使呼宋而告之。遂致其君命。楚子將殺之，使與之言曰：「爾既許不穀，而反之，何故非我無信，女則棄之，速即爾刑！」對曰：「臣聞之，君能制命為義，臣能承命為信，信載義而行之為利。謀不失利，以衛社稷，民之主也。義無二信，信無二命。君之賂臣，不知命也。受命以出，有死無霣，又可賂乎臣之許君，以成命也。死而成命，臣之祿也。寡君有信臣，下臣獲考，死，又何求？」楚子舍之以歸。 |
| | The people of Song sent Yue Yingqí to urgently appeal for help to Jin, and the Duke of Jin wanted to rescue them. Bo Zong said: "No, an old saying goes: 'Although a whip is long, it cannot reach the horse's belly.'" Heaven is just bestowing power upon Chu; we are not yet able to contend with them. Although Jin is strong, can it defy Heaven? A proverb says: "High or low depends on the heart; rivers and marshes hold filth, mountains and thickets hide sickness, jin yu conceal flaws, a ruler of a state endures disgrace—it is the way of Heaven." "Your Highness should await the right time." So they stopped, and sent Jie Yang to Song, instructing them not to surrender to Chu, saying: "The entire Jin army has mobilized and is coming soon." The people of Zheng captured him and presented him to King Chu, who offered a generous bribe for Jie Yang to reverse his words. He did not agree at first, but on the third attempt he agreed. They placed him on a tower cart and made him call out to Song to inform them. He thus delivered his lord's command. King Chu was about to kill him and said to Jie Yang: "You have already agreed with me, yet you turned back. Why? It is not that I am untrustworthy; it is you who abandoned the agreement. Quickly accept your punishment!" Jie Yang replied: "I have heard that when a ruler can issue commands according to righteousness, it is called virtue; when a minister can carry out the ruler's orders, it is called trustworthiness. Trustworthiness carrying out virtue and acting upon it brings benefit." "Planning without losing benefit to protect the state—this is what a leader of the people should do." "Righteousness does not allow for two loyalties, and loyalty does not permit two commands." "Your Highness bribing me shows ignorance of the true meaning of command." "I accepted my orders and went out, ready to die rather than fall. Can such a person be bribed? My acceptance of your command was only to fulfill the will of my lord." "To die while fulfilling one's orders is a minister's reward." "My lord has loyal ministers, and as a lowly subject I have fulfilled my duty. To die, what more could I seek?" King Chu released him to return home.
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夏，五月，楚師將去宋。申犀稽首於王之馬前，曰，毋畏知死，而不敢廢王命，王棄言焉，王不能荅，申叔時僕曰：「築室，反耕者，宋必聽命。」從之，宋人懼，使華元夜入楚師，登子反之床，起之曰，寡君使元以病告，曰：『敝邑易子而食，析骸以爨。雖然，城下之盟，有以國斃，不能從也。」去我三十里，唯命是聽。』」子反懼，與之盟，而告王。退三十里，宋及楚平。華元為質。盟曰：「我無爾詐，爾無我虞。」 |
| | In summer, fifth month, the Chu forces were about to leave Song. Shen Xi kowtowed before the king's horse and said, "Wu Wei knows death is coming but dares not disobey Your Majesty's command. Now Your Majesty has abandoned your word." The king could not reply. Shen Shushi, the charioteer, said: "Build houses, return plowmen to their fields—Song will surely obey our orders." They followed his advice. The people of Song were frightened and sent Hua Yuan to secretly enter the Chu camp at night, where he climbed onto Zi Fan's bed and woke him up, saying: "My lord has sent me to inform you of our plight, saying: 'In our poor state we have resorted to exchanging children for food, and burning bones for fuel.'" "Although this is the case, a treaty made under the walls of a city would mean the death of our state; we cannot agree to it." "If you withdraw your forces thirty li from our city, we will obey whatever commands you give." Zi Fan was frightened and made a treaty with him, then reported to the king. They withdrew thirty li, and Song reached peace with Chu. Hua Yuan was sent as a hostage. The oath said: "I will not deceive you, and you will not be suspicious of me."
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潞子嬰兒之夫人，晉景公之姊也。酆舒為政而殺之，又傷潞子之目。晉侯將伐之。諸大夫皆曰：「不可。酆舒有三雋才，不如待後之人。」伯宗曰：「必伐之！狄有五罪，雋才雖多，何補焉，不祀，一也。耆酒，二也。棄仲章而奪黎氏地，三也。虐我伯姬，四也。傷其君目，五也。怙其雋才，而不以茂德，茲益罪也，後之人，或者將敬奉德義，以事神人，而申固其命，若之何待之不討有罪，曰『將待後，後有辭而討焉』，毋乃不可乎夫恃才與眾，亡之道也。商紂由之故滅。天反時為災，地反物為妖，民反德為亂。亂則妖災生。「故文反正為乏」。盡在狄矣。」晉侯從之。六月，癸卯，晉荀林父敗赤狄于曲梁，辛亥，滅潞。酆舒奔衛，衛人歸諸晉，晉人殺之。 |
| | Luxizi Yingying's wife was the elder sister of Duke Jing of Jin. Feng Shu held power and killed her, also injuring Luxizi's eyes. Duke Hou of Jin was about to attack them. The ministers all said: "No, it is not advisable." "Feng Shu has three outstanding talents; we should wait for the next generation instead." Bo Zong said: "We must attack them!" "The Di have five crimes. Though they may have many talents, what good is that? First, they do not perform ancestral rites." olding "Second, they indulge in wine." "Second, they abandoned Zhong Zhang and seized the land of Li Shi, thirdly." "They mistreated our Lady Boji, fourthly." "And they injured their ruler's eyes, fifthly." "Relying on their talents and not cultivating virtue only increases their guilt. Future generations might perhaps revere virtue and righteousness, serve gods and people with sincerity, and thus consolidate their mandate. How can we wait for that? To refrain from punishing the guilty now by saying 'we will wait for future generations,' then later find an excuse to punish them—would this not be wrong? Relying on talent and numbers is a path to ruin." It was because of this that Shang Zhou was destroyed. When Heaven reverses its seasons, it becomes a disaster; when Earth produces abnormal things, they become omens of misfortune; when the people abandon virtue, chaos ensues. lando Chaos gives rise to ominous disasters. "Therefore, 'wen' (writing) reversing its principles becomes 'fa' (failure)." "All of these are present in the Di." Duke Hou of Jin followed his advice. On the Gaimao day in the sixth month, Xun Linfu of Jin defeated the Chi Di at Qu Liang. On the Xinhai day, he annihilated Lu. Feng Shu fled to Wei; the people of Wei returned him to Jin, where the Jin people killed him.
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王孫蘇與召氏，毛氏，爭政，使王子捷殺召戴公，及毛伯衛，卒立召襄。 |
| | Wang Sun Su and the Shao and Mao families vied for power, sending Prince Wangjie to kill Zhao Dai Gong and Mao Bo Wei. In the end, Shao Xiang was installed as ruler.
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秋，七月，秦桓公伐晉，次于輔氏，壬午，晉侯治兵于稷，以略狄土。立黎侯而還。及雒，魏顆敗秦師于輔氏。獲杜回，秦之力人也。初，魏武子有嬖妾，無子。武子疾，命顆曰：「必嫁是！」疾病，則曰：「必以為殉！」及卒，顆嫁之，曰：「疾病則亂，吾從其治也。」及輔氏之役，顆見老人，結草以亢杜回，杜回躓而顛，故獲之。夜夢之曰，余，而所嫁婦人之父也，爾用先人之治命，余是以報。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, Duke Huan of Qin attacked Jin and stationed at Fushi. On the Renwu day, Duke Hou of Jin reviewed his troops in Ji to raid Di territory. They installed Li Hou and returned. When they reached Luo, Wei Ke defeated the Qin forces at Fushi. Du Hui was captured; he was a powerful man of Qin. Originally, Wei Wuzi had a favored concubine who bore him no son. When Wuzi fell ill, he commanded Ke: "You must marry her!" When his illness worsened, he said: "She must be sacrificed as a companion in death!" After his death, Ke married her and said: "Illness causes confusion; I followed the proper order." During the Fushi campaign, Ke saw an old man who tied grass to trip Du Hui; Du Hui stumbled and fell, so he was captured. At night, Ke dreamed of him saying: "I am the father of the woman you married. You followed your ancestor's proper command; this is why I have repaid you."
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晉侯賞桓子狄臣千室，亦賞士伯以瓜衍之縣。曰：「吾獲狄土，子之功也。微子，吾喪伯氏矣。」羊舌職說是賞也，曰：「《》所謂『庸庸祗祗』者，謂此物也夫！士伯庸中行伯，君信之，亦庸士伯，此之謂明德矣。文王所以造周，不是過也。故《》曰：『陳錫哉周』，能施也。率是道也，其何不濟！」 |
| | Duke Hou of Jin awarded Huanzi a thousand households of Di subjects, and also rewarded Shibai with the county of Guayan. Saying: "I have acquired land from the Di; it is your achievement." "Without you, I would have lost my noble family name, Bo Shi." Yangshe Zhi commented on this reward, saying: "This is what the 'Zhou Shu' means by 'rewarding those who deserve it and honoring virtue'—this very thing!" "Shibai served Zhonghang Bo, the ruler trusted him, and also honored Shibai—this is what is called virtuous governance!" This was how King Wen of Zhou built his dynasty; there could be no greater virtue than this. Hence, the "Shi Jing" says: "Chen Xi zai Zhou," meaning the ability to bestow rewards. Following this principle, how could anything not succeed!
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晉侯使趙同獻狄俘于周，不敬。劉康公曰，不及十年，原叔必有大咎，天奪之魄矣。」 |
| | Duke Hou of Jin sent Zhao Tong to present the captured Di prisoners to Zhou, but he did so with disrespect. Liu Kanggong said: "Within ten years, Yuanshu must certainly suffer a great misfortune; Heaven has already taken his spirit away."
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「初稅畝」，非禮也。穀出不過藉，以豐財也。 |
| | "The initial land tax"—this was not in accordance with the rites. The harvest should not exceed what is needed for cultivation, to enrich wealth.
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「冬，蝝生，饑」。幸之也。 |
| | "In winter, locust eggs hatched; there was a famine." This was an ill omen.
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| | 宣公十七... : |
十有七年，春，王正月。庚子，許男錫我卒。丁未，蔡侯申卒。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, spring, the first month of the king. On the Gengzi day, Xu Nanxiwo died. On the Dingwei day, Cai Hou Shen died.
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夏，葬許昭公。葬蔡文公。 |
| | In summer, Xu Zhao Gong was buried. Cai Wen Gong was buried.
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六月，癸卯，日有食之。 |
| | In the sixth month, on the Kaimao day, there was a solar eclipse.
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己未，公會晉侯、衛侯、曹伯、邾子，同盟于斷道。 |
| | On the Jiwei day, the Gong met with Jin Hou, Wei Hou, Cao Bo, and Zhu Zi, and formed an alliance together at Duandao.
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秋，公至自會。 |
| | In autumn, the Gong returned from the assembly.
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冬，十有一月，壬午，公弟叔肸卒。 |
| | In winter, on the yiyue month, on the Renwu day, the Gong's younger brother Shuxi died.
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| | 宣公十七... : |
十七年，春，晉侯使郤克徵會于齊，齊頃公帷婦人，使觀之。郤子登，婦人笑於房。獻子怒，出而誓曰：「所不此報，無能涉河。」獻子先歸，使欒京廬待命于齊，曰：「不得齊事，無復命矣。」郤子至，請伐齊，晉侯弗許。請以其私屬，又弗許。齊侯使高固、晏弱、蔡朝、南郭偃會。及斂盂，高固逃歸。夏，會于斷道，討貳也。盟于卷楚，辭齊人，晉人執晏弱于野王，執蔡朝于原，執南郭偃于溫。苗賁皇使，見晏桓子。歸，言於晉侯曰：「夫晏子何罪？昔者諸侯事吾先君，皆如不逮，舉言群臣不信，諸侯皆有貳志。齊君恐不得禮，故不出，而使四子來。左右或沮之，曰：『君不出，必執吾使。』故高子及斂盂而逃。夫三子者曰：『若絕君好，寧歸死焉！』為是犯難而來。吾若善逆彼，以懷來者。吾又執之，以信齊沮，吾不既過矣乎過而不改，而又久之，以成其悔，何利之有焉？使反者得辭，而害來者，以懼諸侯，將焉用之？」晉人緩之，逸。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, in spring, Jin Hou sent Xi Ke to request an assembly from Qi. King Qing of Qi had a woman with him and ordered her to observe [the envoy]. Xi Zi climbed up, and the woman laughed in the room. Xian Zi was angry, went out and swore, saying: "If I do not avenge this, may I never cross the Yellow River." Xian Zi returned first and sent Luan Jinglu to await orders in Qi, saying: "If you do not obtain the matter of Qi, do not return with a report." Xi Zi arrived and requested an attack on Qi. Jin Hou did not permit it. He requested to use his private retinue, but was again refused permission. Qi Hou sent Gao Gu, Yan Ruo, Cai Chao, and Nanguo Yan to the assembly. When they reached Lianyu, Gao Gu fled back. In summer, an assembly was held at Duandao to punish disloyalty. An alliance was made at Juanchu, excluding the Qi people. The Jin people arrested Yan Ruo in Yewang, arrested Cai Chao in Yuan, and arrested Nanguo Yan in Wen. Miao Benhuang was sent as an envoy to see Yan Huanzi. After returning, he said to Jin Hou: "What crime has Master Yan committed?" In the past, when feudal lords served our late lord, they all acted as if they could not reach his standards. The mention of officials' lack of trust caused all the feudal lords to have divided loyalties. King Qi was afraid he would not receive proper courtesy, so he did not go out and instead sent four of his ministers to come. Some of the people around him tried to dissuade him, saying: "If you do not go out, they will surely arrest our envoys." Therefore, Gao Zi fled upon reaching Lianyu. Those three men said: "If we sever the lord's goodwill, it would be better to return and die!" For this reason, they braved difficulties to come. If we treat them kindly in receiving them, it will encourage those who come later. If we arrest them again, it will confirm the doubts of Qi and their discouragement. Have we not already made a mistake? If an error is not corrected and instead prolonged to foster regret, what benefit would that bring? "Doing so will give those who return an excuse, harm those coming in the future, and intimidate the feudal lords. What use is there for such actions?" The Jin people relaxed their hold, allowing them to escape.
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秋，八月，晉師還。 |
| | In autumn, August, the Jin army returned.
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范武子將老，召文子曰：「燮乎！吾聞之，喜怒以類者鮮，易者實多。《詩》曰：「君子如怒，亂庶遄沮。」君子如祉，亂庶遄已，君子之喜怒，以已亂也，弗已者，必益之，郤子其或者欲已亂於齊乎，不然，余懼其益之也，余將老，使郤子逞其志，庶有豸乎，爾從二三子，唯敬！」乃請老，郤獻子為政。 |
| | Fan Wuzi was about to retire and summoned Wenzi, saying: "Xie! I have heard that those who express joy or anger in accordance with their nature are rare; those whose expressions change easily are actually numerous. The "Poetry" says: "If a gentleman is angry, disorder will quickly be suppressed." "If a gentleman is pleased, disorder will quickly cease. The joy and anger of a gentleman are used to stop chaos; if it does not stop, it must increase. Perhaps Xi Zi wants to end the chaos in Qi? Otherwise, I fear he might exacerbate it. I am about to grow old. Letting Xi Zi fulfill his ambition may bring some improvement. You should follow two or three of them and be respectful!" He then requested retirement, and Xi Xianzi took charge of affairs.
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「冬，公弟叔肸卒」，公母弟也。凡大子之母弟，公在曰公子，不在曰弟。凡稱弟，皆母弟也。 |
| | "The younger brother of the Gong, Shuxi, died"—this was a maternal younger brother to the Gong. Generally, for the mother's younger brothers of the crown prince, when the Gong is present they are called "Gongzi," and when he is not present, they are referred to as "younger brothers." Whenever a younger brother is mentioned by name, it refers to a maternal younger brother.
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