| | 宣公元年: |
元年，春，王正月，公即位。 |
| | In the first year [of his reign], spring, the king's first month, the Duke assumed the throne.
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公子遂如齐逆女。三月，遂以夫人妇姜至自齐。 |
| | Prince Sui went to Qi to escort the bride. In March, Sui brought Lady Jiang, the Duke's wife, from Qi.
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夏，季孙行父如齐。 |
| | In summer, Ji Sun Xingfu went to Qi.
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晋放其大夫胥甲父于卫。 |
| | Jin exiled its official Xu Jiafu to Wei.
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公会齐侯于平州。 |
| | The Duke met with King Qi at Pingzhou.
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公子遂如齐。 |
| | Prince Sui went to Qi.
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六月，齐人取济西田。 |
| | In June, the people of Qi seized the fields west of Ji.
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秋，邾子来朝。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Zhu came to pay homage.
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楚子、郑人侵陈、遂侵宋。晋赵盾帅师救陈、宋。公陈侯，卫侯，曹伯，会晋师于棐林，伐郑。 |
| | Duke Chu and the people of Zheng invaded Chen, and then proceeded to invade Song. Zhao Dun of Jin led an army to rescue Chen and Song. The Duke, King Chen, King Wei, and Gong Bo Cao met the Jin forces at Feilin to attack Zheng.
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冬，晋赵穿帅师侵崇。 |
| | In winter, Zhao Chuan of Jin led an army invasion of Chong.
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晋人、宋人伐郑。 |
| | The people of Jin and Song attacked Zheng.
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| | 宣公元年: |
元年，春，王正月，公子遂如齐逆女。尊君命也。三月，遂以夫人妇姜至自齐。尊夫人也。 |
| | In the first year, spring, in the king's first month, Prince Sui went to Qi to meet his bride. This was done out of respect for the king's command. In March, Sui escorted Lady Jiang, the Duke's wife, back from Qi. This was done to honor the lady.
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夏，季文子如齐，纳赂以请会。 |
| | In summer, Ji Wenzi went to Qi and offered bribes to request a meeting.
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晋人讨不用命者，放胥甲父于卫，而立胥克。先辛奔齐。 |
| | The people of Jin punished those who had disobeyed orders, exiling Xu Jiafu to Wei and appointing Xu Ke in his place. Xian Xin fled to Qi.
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会于平州，以定公位。 |
| | They met at Pingzhou in order to confirm the Duke's position on the throne.
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东门襄仲如齐拜成。 |
| | Dongmen Xiangzhong went to Qi to express gratitude for the agreement.
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六月，齐人取济西之田，为立公故，以赂齐也。 |
| | In June, the people of Qi took over the fields west of Ji; this was done in exchange for helping to establish the Duke on his throne.
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宋人之弑昭公也，晋荀林父以诸侯之师伐宋，宋及晋平，宋文公受盟于晋，又会诸侯于扈，将为鲁讨齐，皆取赂而还，郑穆公曰：「晋不足与也。」遂受盟于楚，陈共公之卒，楚人不礼焉。陈灵公受盟于晋，秋，楚子侵陈，遂侵宋。晋赵盾帅师救陈、宋。会于棐林，以伐郑也。楚蒍贾救郑，遇于北林，囚晋解扬，晋人乃还。 |
| | When the people of Song assassinated Duke Zhao, Xun Linfu of Jin led a coalition force to attack Song. Song made peace with Jin, and Duke Wen of Song accepted an alliance with Jin. Later, he also met with the feudal lords at Hu, intending to campaign against Qi on behalf of Lu; however, in both cases, they returned after receiving bribes. Gongmu of Zheng said: "Jin is not trustworthy enough for cooperation." So he accepted an alliance with Chu. When Duke Gong of Chen died, the people of Chu did not treat him with proper courtesy. Duke Ling of Chen accepted an alliance with Jin; in autumn, Duke Chu invaded Chen and then proceeded to invade Song as well. Zhao Dun of Jin led his troops to rescue Chen and Song. They met at Feilin in order to attack Zheng. Chu's Wei Jia came to rescue Zheng, and the two sides met at Beilin. The Chu forces captured Jin's Jie Yang, so the people of Jin withdrew.
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晋欲求成于秦，赵穿曰：「我侵崇，秦急崇，必救之。吾以求成焉。」冬，赵穿侵崇，秦弗与成。 |
| | Jin wanted to make peace with Qin. Zhao Chuan said: "If we invade Chong, Qin will be concerned about Chong and must come to its rescue." "We can use this as an opportunity to seek reconciliation." In winter, Zhao Chuan invaded Chong; however, Qin did not agree to a peace settlement.
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晋人伐郑，以报北林之役。于是晋侯侈，赵宣子为政，骤谏而不入，故不竞于楚。 |
| | The people of Jin attacked Zheng in retaliation for the Battle of Beilin. At this time, Duke Jin was indulgent; Zhao Xuanzi held power and repeatedly advised against it without success. Therefore, Jin did not match Chu in strength.
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| | 宣公二年: |
二年，春，王二月，壬子，宋华元帅师，及郑公子归生帅师，战于大棘，宋师败绩，获宋华元。 |
| | In the second year, spring, the first month of winter in the reign of King [Wang], on the Rensi day, Song Huayuan led an army, and Duke Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng led an army; they fought a battle at Daji. The Song forces suffered a crushing defeat, and Song Huayuan was captured.
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秦师伐晋。 |
| | The Qin forces attacked Jin.
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夏，晋人、宋人、卫人、陈人侵郑。 |
| | In summer, the people of Jin, Song, Wei, and Chen invaded Zheng.
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秋，九月，乙丑，晋赵盾弑其君夷皋。 |
| | In autumn, on the Yichou day of the ninth month, Zhao Dun of Jin assassinated his ruler Yigao.
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冬，十月，乙亥，天王崩。 |
| | In winter, on the Yihai day of the tenth month, the Heavenly King died.
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| | 宣公二年: |
二年，春，郑公子归生受命于楚，伐宋，宋华元，乐吕，御之，二月，壬子，战于大棘，宋师败绩，囚华元，获乐吕，及甲车四百六十乘，俘二百五十人，馘百人。狂狡辂郑人，郑人入于井。倒戟而出之，获狂狡。君子曰：「失礼违命，宜其为禽也。戎，昭果毅以听之之谓礼，杀敌为果，致果为毅。易之，戮也。」将战，华元杀羊食士，其御羊斟不与。及战，曰，畴昔之羊，子为政，今日之事，我为政。」与入郑师，故败。君子谓羊斟非人也，以其私憾，败国殄民，于是刑孰大焉。诗所谓人之无良者，其羊斟之谓乎残民以逞」。 |
| | In the second year, in spring, Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng received a command from Chu to attack Song. Hua Yuan and Yue Lü of Song resisted them. In the second month, on the Rensi day, they fought at Daji. The forces of Song suffered a crushing defeat; Hua Yuan was captured, Yue Lü was taken prisoner, along with 460 chariots in armor, 250 captives were seized, and 100 heads were beheaded. Kuangjiao was captured by the Zheng forces; the Zheng people fell into a well. They turned their halberds and pulled them out of the well, capturing Kuangjiao. The gentlemen said: "Losing propriety and disobeying orders—this is why they were captured." Among the Rong, to be clear about courage and firmness in heeding orders is called propriety. To kill the enemy is called courage; to achieve courage is called firmness. To change this is nothing but a disgrace." Before the battle, Hua Yuan slaughtered sheep to feed the soldiers. His charioteer Yang Zhen was not given any. When the battle began, he said, "In the past, you decided who got the mutton; today, I decide what happens." He led them into the Zheng forces, so they were defeated. The gentlemen considered Yang Zhen not a human being; because of his personal resentment, he destroyed the state and its people. In this case, what greater crime could there be? This is what the Book of Songs refers to when it says, "A person without virtue"—is this not a reference to Yang Zhen? "To harm the people for one's own gratification."
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宋人以兵车百乘，文马百驷，以赎华元于郑，半入，华元逃归，立于门外，告而入，见叔牂，曰：「子之马然也？」对曰：「非马也，其人也。」既合而来奔。宋城，华元为植，巡功。城者讴曰：「睅其目，皤其腹，弃甲而复。于思于思，弃甲复来。」使其骖乘谓之曰：「牛则有皮，犀兕尚多，弃甲则那？」役人曰：「从其有皮，丹漆若何？」华元曰：「去之夫其口众我寡。」 |
| | The people of Song sent one hundred war chariots and four hundred fine horses to redeem Hua Yuan from Zheng. When half the ransom had been delivered, Hua Yuan fled back to Song. He stood outside the gate, announced his arrival, and entered to see Shuzang. He said, "Is this your horse?" Shuzang replied, "It is not about the horses; it is about the man." After they were reconciled, he fled to Song. When the city of Song was being built, Hua Yuan served as a standard-bearer and patrolled to inspect progress. The builders sang: "He has bulging eyes, a pale belly; he abandoned armor and returned." "Yusi Yusi, abandoning armor yet returning again." He sent his charioteer to tell him: "Cows have hides, and there are still many rhinoceroses and crocodiles; where would we get armor if we abandon it?" The laborers replied: "Even if they have hides, how about the red lacquer?" Hua Yuan said: "Remove them; their mouths are many and my resources few."
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秦师伐晋。以报崇也，遂围焦，夏，晋赵盾救焦，遂自阴地，及诸侯之师侵郑，以报大棘之役。楚斗椒救郑，曰：「能欲诸侯，而恶其难乎？」遂次于郑，以待晋师。赵盾曰：「彼宗竞于楚，殆将毙矣。姑益其疾。」乃去之。 |
| | The Qin forces attacked Jin. To avenge Chong, they proceeded to besiege Jiao. In summer, Zhao Dun of Jin rescued Jiao and then led the forces from Yindi and the allied states' armies to invade Zheng in retaliation for the battle at Daji. Chu Doujiao came to rescue Zheng, saying: "Able to attract the feudal lords, yet afraid of hardship?" He then stationed his forces at Zheng to await the Jin army. Zhao Dun said: "Their clan is competing in Chu; they will likely perish." "Let us just add to their illness." Then he withdrew.
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晋灵公不君，厚敛以雕墙，从台上弹人，而观其辟丸也，宰夫胹熊蹯不熟，杀之，置诸畚，使妇人载以过朝，赵盾、士季见其手，问其故，而患之。将谏，士季曰：「谏而不入，则莫之继也。会请先，不入，则子继之。」「三进及溜」。而后视之，曰：「吾知所过矣，将改之。」稽首而对曰：「人谁无过，过而能改，善莫大焉。曰：‘’，夫如是，则能补过者鲜矣。君能有终，则社稷之固也，岂惟群臣赖之。又曰：『衮职有阙，惟仲山甫补之』，能补过也。君能补过，衮不废矣。」犹不改，宣子骤谏，公患之，使锄麑贼之。晨往，寝门辟矣，盛服将朝。尚早，坐而假寐。麑退，叹而言曰：「不忘恭敬，民之主也。贼民之主，不忠，弃君之命，不信，有一于此，不如死也。」触槐而死。 |
| | Jin Linggong did not behave as a ruler. He imposed heavy levies to decorate his walls, and from the terrace he shot people with slingshots, watching them dodge the stones. A cook stewed bear paws but they were not tender enough; he was killed, placed in a basket, and sent past court by women. Zhao Dun and Shiji saw his hands, asked about the reason, and became concerned. They were going to remonstrate. Shiji said: "If our advice is not accepted, then no one will follow up." "I shall go first; if I fail to get through, you may follow." "He advanced three times and reached the threshold." Then he looked at them and said, "I know my mistakes now; I will correct them." They kowtowed in reply and said: "Who among people has no faults? To recognize one's mistakes and correct them is the greatest virtue." "The Book of Songs says: 'All things have a beginning, but few reach an end.' If it is like this, then those who can correct their mistakes are rare indeed." "If a ruler can see things through to the end, it will be the stability of the state; how much more so would the ministers rely on him." It also says: "When there is a deficiency in the duties of the Son of Heaven, only Zhongshanfu can mend it." This means being able to correct mistakes. "If a ruler can correct his mistakes, then the regalia will not be in vain." Still, he did not change. Xuanshi repeatedly remonstrated; the king became resentful and sent Chuni to assassinate him. Early in the morning, he went there, but the sleeping chamber's door was already open; Zhao Dun was dressed formally and about to go to court. It was still early, so he sat pretending to be asleep. Chuni withdrew and sighed, saying: "He does not forget reverence and respect; this is the leader of the people." To kill the ruler of the people is disloyalty; to disregard the king's command is dishonesty. To have either of these faults is worse than death." He struck his head against a locust tree and died.
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秋，九月，晋侯饮赵盾酒，伏甲，将攻之。其右提弥明知之，趋登，曰：「臣侍君宴，过三爵，非礼也。」遂扶以下。公嗾夫獒焉，明搏而杀之。盾曰：「弃人用犬，虽猛何为！」斗且出，提弥明死之。初宣子田于首山，舍于翳桑，见灵辄饿，问其病。曰：「不食三日矣。」食之，舍其半。问之。曰：宦三年矣，未知母之存否。今近焉，请以遗之。」使尽之，而为之箪食与肉，置诸橐以与之，既而与为公介，倒戟以御公徒而免之。问何故，对曰：「翳桑之饿人也。」问其名居，不告而退，遂自亡也。乙丑，赵穿攻灵公于桃园。宣子未出山而复。大史书曰「赵盾弑其君」，以示于朝。宣子曰：「不然。」对曰：「子为正卿，亡不越竟，反不讨贼，非子而谁？」宣子曰，呜呼，我之怀矣，自诒伊戚，其我之谓矣。」孔子曰：「董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。赵宣子，古之良大夫也，为法受恶。惜也，越竟乃免。」宣子使赵穿逆公子黑臀于周而立之。壬申，朝于武宫。 |
| | In autumn, on the ninth month, Duke Jin held a wine banquet for Zhao Dun, concealed soldiers in ambush, intending to attack him. His charioteer Timing knew about it and hurried upstairs, saying: "For a minister to attend his lord's banquet with more than three cups of wine is against propriety." He then helped him down. The king ordered his fierce dog to attack, and Timing wrestled with it and killed it. Zhao Dun said: "To abandon men and use dogs—what good is strength then!" As they were about to leave, Timing was killed. łoż At first, Xuanshi went hunting in Shoushan and stayed at Yisang, where he saw Lingzhe starving. He asked about his illness. He said: "I have not eaten for three days." They gave him food, but he left half of it. They asked why. He said: "I have been a retainer for three years, yet I do not know whether my mother is still alive." "Now that I am close to home, please let me give this to her." They told him to eat it all, and prepared a basket of food and meat for him, placing them in his satchel. Soon after, he became an officer under the duke's command; he turned his halberd against the duke's men to protect Zhao Dun and saved him. When asked why, he replied: "He is the hungry man from Yisang." When asked for his name and residence, he did not reply but withdrew. He then fled on his own. On the Yichou day, Zhao Chuan attacked Duke Ling at Taoyuan. Xuanshi had not yet left the mountains when he returned. The chief historian recorded, "Zhao Dun assassinated his ruler," and showed it to the court. Xuanshi said: "Not so." He replied: "You are the chief minister. To flee without crossing the border, and to return yet not punish the traitor—this is not you, then who?" Xuanshi said: "Alas! My longing has only brought me sorrow. This must be what is meant by referring to me." Confucius said: "Donghu was a good historian of old; he recorded events without concealment. "Zhao Xuanshi was an excellent minister of old, who accepted blame for the sake of upholding principle." "Pity! If he had crossed the border, he would have been free from guilt." Xuanshi sent Zhao Chuan to Zhou to welcome Gongzi Heitun and installed him as ruler. On the Renshen day, he paid homage at the Wu Palace.
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初，丽姬之乱，诅无畜群公子，自是晋无公族。及成公即位，乃宦卿之适子而为之田，以为公族。又宦其馀子，亦为馀子，其庶子为公行。晋于是有公族、馀子、公行。赵盾请以括为公族，曰：「君姬氏之爱子也。微君姬氏，则臣狄人也。」公许之，冬，赵盾为旄车之族，使屏季以其故族为公族大夫。 |
| | Initially, during the turmoil of Liji, curses were cast against all the clan princes; since then, Jin had no royal family. When Duke Chenggong ascended the throne, he appointed the legitimate sons of high-ranking officials as his attendants and granted them land, establishing a royal clan. He also placed their other sons in service; they were called "yu zi," while the commoner sons became members of the public ranks. Thus, Jin came to have a royal clan, yu zi, and gonghang. Zhao Dun requested that Kuaku be made part of the royal clan, saying: "He is a beloved son of Lady Ji. Without Lady Ji, I would have been a man from Di." The duke agreed. In winter, Zhao Dun became the leader of the Maoche Zu, and he appointed Ping Ji as a royal clan official with his original family.
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| | 宣公三年: |
三年，春，王正月，郊牛之口伤，改卜牛。牛死，乃不郊。犹三望。 |
| | In the third year, spring, the first month of the reign of King [Wang], the ox for the suburban sacrifice had an injured mouth; another ox was selected through divination. The ox died, so the suburban sacrifice was not performed. Nevertheless, the three sacrificial rites at distant shrines were still conducted.
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葬匡王。 |
| | Kuangwang was buried.
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楚子伐陆浑之戎。 |
| | The ruler of Chu attacked the Lu hun Rong.
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夏，楚人侵郑。 |
| | In summer, the people of Chu invaded Zheng.
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秋，赤狄侵齐。 |
| | In autumn, the Chi Di invaded Qi.
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宋师围曹。 |
| | The Song forces besieged Cao.
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冬，十月，丙戌，郑伯兰卒。 |
| | In winter, the tenth month, on the Bingxu day, Lord Lan of Zheng died.
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葬郑穆公。 |
| | Zheng Muguang was buried.
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| | 宣公三年: |
三年，春，不郊，而望，皆非礼也。望，郊之属也。不郊，亦无望可也。 |
| | In the third year, in spring, although the suburban sacrifice was not held, the sacrifices at distant shrines still took place; both were violations of ritual propriety. The sacrifices at distant shrines are a category of the suburban sacrifice. If the suburban sacrifice is not held, then there should also be no sacrifices at distant shrines.
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晋侯伐郑，及郔。郑及晋平，士会入盟。 |
| | Duke of Jin attacked Zheng and reached Ying. Zheng made peace with Jin, and Shi Hui entered to conclude the alliance.
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楚子伐陆浑之戎。遂至于雒，观兵于周疆，定王使王孙满劳楚子。楚子问鼎之大小、轻重焉。对曰：「在德不在鼎。昔夏之方有德也，远方图物，贡金九牧，铸鼎象物，百物而为之备，使民知神、奸。故民入川泽、山林，不逢不若。螭魅罔两莫能逢之。」用能协于上下，以承天休。桀有昏德，鼎迁于商，载祀六百。商纣暴虐，鼎迁于周。德之休明，虽小，重也。其奸回昏乱，虽大，轻也。天祚明德，有所底止，成王定鼎于郏鄏，卜世三十，卜年七百，天所命也。周德虽衰，天命未改。鼎之轻重，未可问也。」 |
| | The ruler of Chu attacked the Rong people of Lu Hun. He then proceeded to Luo, where he displayed his troops at the borders of Zhou. King Dingwang sent Wangsun Man to greet the ruler of Chu. The ruler of Chu asked about the size and weight of the tripods. Wangsun Man replied, "It lies in virtue, not in the tripod. "In former times, when the Xia dynasty was virtuous, distant regions contributed tribute and materials from nine pastures; tripods were cast to represent things. All kinds of objects were depicted in detail so that people would know what was divine and what was evil. Therefore, when the people entered rivers, lakes, mountains, or forests, they did not encounter anything harmful. Chimui Wangliang could not harm them." This enabled harmony between heaven and earth, to receive the blessings of Heaven. "When Jie was corrupt in virtue, the tripod moved to Shang, lasting for six hundred years. "When King Zhou of Shang was tyrannical and cruel, the tripod transferred to Zhou. "When virtue is bright and virtuous, even a small state is weighty. "If one is corrupt, deceitful, and in disorder, even if the state is large, it is light. "Heaven bestows its mandate upon those of virtue, and there are limits to this. King Cheng established the tripod at Jiafu; divination foretold thirty generations and seven hundred years, which was Heaven's decree. "Although Zhou virtue has declined, Heaven's mandate remains unchanged. "The weight of the tripod is not something to be inquired about."
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夏，楚人侵郑，郑即晋故也。 |
| | In summer, the people of Chu invade Zheng; this was because Zheng had allied with Jin.
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宋文公即位三年，杀母弟须及昭公子，武氏之谋也。使戴、桓之族攻武氏于司马子伯之馆，尽逐武、穆之族武穆之族以曹师伐宋。秋，宋师围曹，报武氏之乱也。 |
| | Three years after King Wen of Song ascended the throne, he killed his maternal younger brother Xu and the son of Duke Zhao; this was a plot by the Wu family. They sent the clans of Dai and Huan to attack the Wu clan at Sima Zibo's residence, driving out completely the Wu and Mu families. The Wu and Mu families then led the forces of Cao against Song. In autumn, the Song forces besieged Cao; this was in retaliation for the chaos caused by the Wu clan.
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冬，郑穆公卒。初郑文公有贱妾，曰燕姞，梦天使与己兰，曰，余为伯鯈，余而祖也，以是为而子。以兰有国香，人服媚之如是。」既而文公见之，与之兰而御之。辞曰：「妾不才，幸而有子。将不信，敢徵兰乎？」公曰，诺，生穆公，名之曰兰。文公报郑子之妃，曰陈妫，生子华、子臧。子臧得罪而出。诱子华而杀之南里，使盗杀子臧于陈、宋之间。又娶于江，生公子士。朝于楚，楚人酖之，及叶而死。又娶于苏，生子瑕、子俞弥。俞弥早卒。泄驾恶瑕，文公亦恶之，故不立也。公逐群公子，公子兰奔晋，从晋文公伐郑。石癸曰：「吾闻姬、姞耦，其子孙必蕃。姞，吉人也，后稷之元妃也。今公子兰，姞甥也，天或启之，必将为君，其后必蕃。先纳之，可以亢宠。」与孔将锄，侯宣多，纳之，盟于大宫，而立之，以与晋平。穆公有疾，曰：「兰死，吾其死乎吾所以生也。」刈兰而卒。 |
| | In winter, Duke Muguang of Zheng died. Originally, Duke Wen of Zheng had a low-ranking concubine named Yan Ji, who dreamed that an angel gave her a orchid and said, "I am Bo Chou; I am your ancestor. Have this as your son." "The orchid has the fragrance of the state; people are charmed by it in such a way," he said. Soon after, Duke Wen saw her and gave her an orchid before sleeping with her. She declined, saying, "I am not talented; if I were fortunate enough to bear a son, you would doubt it. How dare I use the orchid as proof?" The duke said, "Agreed." She gave birth to Duke Muguang and named him Lan. Duke Wen of Zheng married the daughter of Lord Zhi, surnamed Chen, named Gui; she bore Zi Hua and Zi Zang. Zi Zang was offended and left the country. They lured Zi Hua to kill him at Nanli, and sent bandits to kill Zi Zang between Chen and Song. He then married a woman from Jiang, who bore the marquis Shi. When he paid homage to Chu, the people of Chu poisoned him; he died upon reaching Ye. He then married a woman from Su, who bore Zi Xia and Zi Yumi. Yumi died young. Xie Jia disliked Xia, and Duke Wen also disliked him; therefore, he was not made heir. The duke drove out the marquises of his clan; Marquis Lan fled to Jin and followed Duke Wen of Jin in attacking Zheng. Shi Gui said, "I have heard that the Ji and Ji clans were paired; their descendants will surely be numerous. "The Ji clan are people of good fortune; they were the principal wife of Houji. "Now, Marquis Lan is a Ji clan nephew; Heaven may be opening the way for him. He will surely become ruler, and his descendants will certainly multiply." "We should accept him first to prevent excessive favoritism," he said. They, along with Kong Jiangchu and Hou Xuanduo, accepted him, concluded an oath at the Grand Temple, and made him ruler in order to make peace with Jin. When Duke Muguang fell ill, he said, "If Lan dies, I shall die too; for his sake did I live." After Lan was killed, the duke died.
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| | 宣公四年: |
四年，春，王正月，公及齐侯平莒及郯。莒人不肯。公伐莒，取向。 |
| | In the fourth year [of his reign], spring, the King's first month, the Duke and Lord Qi made peace between Ju and Tan. The people of Ju were unwilling. The Duke attacked Ju and captured Xiang.
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秦伯稻卒。 |
| | Lord Dai of Qin died.
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夏，六月，乙酉，郑公子归生弑其君夷。 |
| | In summer, sixth month, on the Yiyou day, Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng assassinated his ruler Yi.
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赤狄侵齐。 |
| | The Chi Di invaded Qi.
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秋，公如齐。公至自齐。 |
| | In autumn, the Duke went to Qi. The Duke returned from Qi.
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冬，楚子伐郑。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Zheng.
|
| | 宣公四年: |
四年春，公及齐侯平莒及郯，莒人不肯。公伐莒，取向，非礼也。平国以礼，不以乱。伐而不治，乱也。以乱平乱，何治之有无治，何以行礼？ |
| | In spring of the fourth year, the Duke and Lord Qi mediated peace between Ju and Tan; however, the people of Ju were unwilling to accept it. The Duke attacked Ju and seized Xiang, which was not in accordance with ritual propriety. A state should be pacified through ritual propriety, not through disorder. To attack without governing is to bring about disorder. Using disorder to pacify disorder—how can there be governance? Without governance, how can ritual propriety be practiced?
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楚人献鼋于郑灵公。公子宋与子家将见。子公之食指动，以示子家，曰：「他日我如此，必尝异味。」及入，宰夫将解鼋，相视而笑。公问之，子家以告。及食大夫鼋，召子公而弗与也。子公怒，染指于鼎，尝之而出。公怒，欲杀子公。子公与子家谋先。子家曰，畜老犹惮杀之，而况君乎？」反谮子家。子家惧而从之。夏，弑灵公。书曰「郑公子归生弑其君夷」。权不足也。君子曰：「仁而不武，无能达也」。凡弑君称君，君无道也。称臣，臣之罪也。郑人立子良。辞曰，以贤则去疾不足，以顺，则公子坚长。」乃立襄公。襄公将去穆氏，而舍子良。子良不可。曰穆氏宜存，则固愿也，若将亡之，则亦皆亡，去疾何为？」乃舍之，皆为大夫。 |
| | The people of Chu presented a large turtle to Duke Ling of Zheng. Gongzi Song and Zijia were about to pay an audience. Zigong's index finger twitched, and he showed it to Zijia, saying: "On another day when my finger moves like this, I will surely taste something unusual." When they entered, the cook was about to butcher the turtle, and they looked at each other and smiled. The Duke asked them why, and Zijia informed him. When the turtle was served to the officials, the Duke summoned Zigong but did not give it to him. Zigong became angry, dipped his finger into the cauldron, tasted some of the meat, and then left. The Duke was furious and wanted to kill Zigong. Zigong conspired with Zijia first. Zijia said, "Even an old domestic animal is still feared to be killed; how much more so a ruler?" They falsely accused Zijia. Zijia was frightened and followed their plan. In summer, Duke Ling was assassinated. The Records state: "Gongzi Guisheng of Zheng killed his ruler Yi." It was because he lacked authority. A gentleman said: "Benevolence without martial virtue cannot achieve anything." Whenever a ruler is assassinated, he is referred to as the "ruler," indicating that the ruler was unjust. To refer to him as a minister means it was the minister's fault. The people of Zheng installed Ziliang. They said: "If we choose based on virtue, Quji is not sufficient; if we choose according to seniority, Gongzi Jian is the elder." Thus they installed Duke Xiang. Duke Xiang was about to expel the Mu clan and appoint Ziliang instead. Ziliang refused. He said: "If the Mu clan should be preserved, then I am willing to remain; but if they are going to be destroyed, then we shall all perish. Why would Quji take action?" Thus they spared them, and all became officials of the rank of Daifu (minister).
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初，楚司马子良生子越椒。子文曰：「必杀之！是子也，熊虎之状，而豺狼之声，弗杀，必灭若敖氏矣，谚曰：『狼子野心。』是乃狼也，其可畜乎？」子良不可。子文以为大戚，及将死，聚其族曰：「椒也知政，乃速行矣，无及于难。」且泣曰：「鬼犹求食，若敖氏之鬼不其馁而！」及令尹子文卒，斗般为令尹，子越为司马。蒍贾为工正，谮子扬而杀之，子越为令尹，已为司马，子越又恶之，乃以若敖氏之族，圄伯嬴于轑阳，而杀之，遂处烝野，将攻王。王以三王之子为质焉，弗受。师于漳澨。秋七月，戊戌，楚子与若敖氏战于皋浒，伯棼射王，汰輈，及鼓跗，著于丁宁。又射，汰輈，以贯笠毂。师惧，退，王使巡师曰：「吾先君文王克息，获三矢焉，伯棼窃其二，尽于是矣。」鼓而进之，遂灭若敖氏。初若敖娶于䢵，生斗伯比。若敖卒，从其母畜于邧，淫于邧子之女，生子文焉，邧夫人使弃诸梦中，虎乳之，邧子田，见之，惧而归，夫人以告，遂使收之。楚人谓乳谷，谓虎于菟。故命之曰斗谷于菟，以其女妻伯比。实为令尹子文。其孙箴尹克黄，使于齐，还及宋，闻乱。其人曰，不可以人矣，箴尹曰：「弃君之命，独谁受之君，天也，天可逃乎？」遂归，复命，而自拘于司败。王思子文之治楚国也，曰：「子文无后，何以劝善？」使复其所，改命曰生。 |
| | Initially, Ziliang, the Sishou of Chu, gave birth to a son named Yuejiao. Ziwen said: "He must be killed!" This child has the appearance of a Xiongtu and the voice of a wolf; if he is not killed, he will surely destroy the Ruoao clan. There is an old saying: "A wolf's cub harbors wild ambitions." "He is a wolf indeed—how can such a creature be kept?" old Ziliang disagreed. Ziwen regarded this as a great sorrow. As he was about to die, he gathered his clan and said: "If Yuejiao takes charge of government affairs, you must flee quickly and not fall into disaster." He wept and said: "Even ghosts seek food—will the spirits of the Ruoao clan not starve?" When Lord Ziwen, the Lingyin (Minister of Works), died, Dou Ban became the new Lingyin, and Yuejiao became Sishou. Wei Jia became Gongzheng (Minister of Engineering), falsely accused Zi Yang and had him killed. Yuejiao then became Lingyin, while Wei Jia was Sishou. Yuejiao also disliked Wei Jia, so he imprisoned Bo Ying, a member of the Ruoao clan, in Liaoyang and executed him. The Ruoao clan then settled at Zhengye and planned to attack the king. The king offered three of his sons as hostages, but they were not accepted. They stationed their army at Zhangshi. In autumn, seventh month, on the Wuxu day, Lord Chu and the Ruoao clan fought at Gouhu. Bofen shot at the king; his arrow struck the crossbar of the chariot, then hit the drum base, and finally embedded itself in a bronze bell. He shot again, striking the crossbar once more, piercing through the canopy pole of the chariot. The troops were frightened and retreated. The king sent someone to inspect the army, saying: "My ancestor King Wenwang conquered Xi and obtained three arrows; Bofen secretly took two of them, and this is all he has left." They beat the drums and advanced, thus annihilating the Ruoao clan. Initially, Ruoao married a woman from Yun, giving birth to Dou Bobi. After Ruoao died, [his son] was raised by his mother in Lu. He committed adultery with the daughter of Lusi and gave birth to Ziwen. The Lady of Lu ordered that he be abandoned in a dreamland (a marshy area), where tigers nursed him. When Lusi went out farming and saw this, he was frightened and returned home. His wife informed him about it, so they sent someone to retrieve the child. The people of Chu called milk "gu" and referred to a tiger as "wutu." Therefore, he was named Dou Gutowu. His daughter was married to Bobi. He was in fact the Lingyin Ziwen. His grandson Zhenyin Kehuang, while on a mission to Qi, returned and reached Song, where he heard of the rebellion. His people said: "We cannot return to our country anymore." Zhenyin replied: "To abandon the ruler's command, who else would accept it? The ruler is from Heaven; can we escape Heaven?" He thus returned, reported his mission, and confined himself to the Office of Punishment. The king thought about Ziwen's governance of the state of Chu and said: "If Ziwen has no descendants, how can we encourage virtue?" He had his position restored to him and changed his name to Sheng.
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冬，楚子伐郑，郑未服也。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Zheng because Zheng had not yet submitted.
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| | 宣公八年: |
八年，春，公至自会。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, the Duke returned from Hui.
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夏，六月，公子遂如齐，至黄乃复。 |
| | Summer, sixth month, Gongzi Sui went to Qi, and upon reaching Huang he returned.
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辛巳，有事于大庙，仲遂卒于垂，壬午，犹绎。万入，去龠。 |
| | On the Xinsi day, there was an offering at the Great Temple; Zhong Sui died in Chui. On the Renwu day, they still continued with the sacrificial rites. Wan entered and took away the key.
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戊子，夫人嬴氏薨。 |
| | On the Wuzi day, Lady Ying Shi passed away.
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晋师、白狄伐秦。 |
| | The Jin forces and the Bai Di attacked Qin.
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楚人灭舒蓼。 |
| | The Chu people annihilated Shuliao.
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秋，七月，甲子，日有食之，既。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month, on the Jiazi day, there was a solar eclipse, total.
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冬，十月，己丑，葬我小君敬嬴。雨，不克葬。庚寅，日中而克葬。 |
| | Winter, tenth month, on the Jiuchou day, our Lady Jingying was buried. Rain prevented the burial. On the Gengyin day, at noon they were able to proceed with the burial.
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城平阳。 |
| | They built a wall around Pingyang.
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楚师伐陈。 |
| | The Chu forces attacked Chen.
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| | 宣公八年: |
八年，春，白狄及晋平。夏，会晋伐秦。晋人获秦谍，杀诸绛市，六日而苏。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring, Bai Di and Jin made peace. Summer, they joined with Jin to attack Qin. The Jin people captured a Qin spy and executed him in Jiang market; after six days he revived.
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有事于大庙，襄仲卒而绎，非礼也。 |
| | There was an offering at the Great Temple, but sacrifices were still performed after Xiang Zhong's death, which was not in accordance with ritual.
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楚为众舒叛，故伐舒蓼。灭之，楚子疆之。 |
| | Chu attacked Shuliao because the various Shu states had rebelled. They annihilated it, and King Chu claimed its territory.
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及滑汭，盟吴、越而还。 |
| | Upon reaching Hua Rui, they concluded an alliance with Wu and Yue before returning.
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晋胥克有蛊疾，郤缺为政。秋，废胥克，使赵朔佐下军。 |
| | Jin Xu Ke suffered from a gǔ disease; Xi Que administered the government affairs. Autumn, they deposed Xu Ke and appointed Zhao Shuo to assist in the lower army.
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冬，葬敬嬴，旱，无麻，始用葛茀。雨，不克葬，礼也。礼，卜葬，先远日，辟不怀也。 |
| | 藟 Winter, Lady Jingying was buried; there was a drought, hemp was unavailable, so they first used kudzu for wrapping the coffin. Rain prevented the burial; this was in accordance with ritual. According to ritual, divination for a burial should be done first on an auspicious day far off, so as to avoid any suspicion of ill will.
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城平阳，书，时也。 |
| | They built the walls around Pingyang; this is recorded because it was timely.
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陈及晋平。楚师伐陈，取成而还。 |
| | Chen and Jin made peace. The Chu forces attacked Chen, concluded a treaty, and returned.
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八年，春，白狄及晋平。夏，会晋伐秦。晋人获秦谍，杀诸绛市，六日而苏。 |
| | In the eighth year, spring: Bai Di made peace with Jin. Summer: they joined Jin to attack Qin. The Jin people captured an agent of Qin, executed him in Jiang city, and after six days he revived.
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有事于大庙，襄仲卒而绎，非礼也。 |
| | There was a ritual at the Great Temple; sacrifices were still performed even though Xiang Zhong had died, which was not according to rites.
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楚为众舒叛，故伐舒蓼。灭之，楚子疆之。 |
| | Chu attacked Shuliao due to the rebellion of many Shu states. They annihilated it; King Chu claimed its territory as his own.
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及滑汭，盟吴、越而还。 |
| | Upon reaching Hua Rui, he concluded an alliance with Wu and Yue, then returned.
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晋胥克有蛊疾，郤缺为政。秋，废胥克，使赵朔佐下军。 |
| | Jin Xu Ke was afflicted with a gǔ illness; Xi Que administered government affairs. Autumn: Xu Ke was deposed, and Zhao Shuo was appointed to assist the lower army.
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冬，葬敬嬴，旱，无麻，始用葛茀。雨，不克葬，礼也。礼，卜葬，先远日，辟不怀也。 |
| | Winter: Lady Jingying was buried; there was a drought and no hemp available, so for the first time they used kudzu vines for the burial shroud. Rain prevented the burial, which conformed to ritual. According to rites, when divining for a burial date, one should first choose an auspicious day in the distant future, so as to avoid suspicion of ill intent.
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城平阳，书，时也。 |
| | The walls of Pingyang were built; this is recorded because it happened at a timely moment.
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陈及晋平。楚师伐陈，取成而还。 |
| | Chen and Jin made peace with each other. The Chu forces attacked Chen but concluded a truce before returning.
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| | 宣公九年: |
九年，春，王正月，公如齐。公至自齐。 |
| | In the ninth year [of his reign], spring, the first month of the king's calendar, the Gong went to Qi. The Gong returned from Qi.
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夏，仲孙蔑如京师。 |
| | In summer, Zhongsun Mie went to the capital.
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齐侯伐莱。 |
| | Duke Qi attacked Lai.
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秋，取根牟。 |
| | In autumn, Genmou was captured.
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八月，滕子卒。 |
| | In the eighth month, Duke Teng died.
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九月，晋侯，宋公，卫侯，郑伯，曹伯，会于扈。 |
| | In the ninth month, Duke Jin, Gong Song, Duke Wei, Bo Zheng, and Bo Cao met at Hu.
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晋荀林父帅师伐陈。 |
| | Jin Xunlinfu led an army to attack Chen.
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辛酉，晋侯黑臀卒于扈。 |
| | On the Xinyou day, Duke Jin Heitun died at Hu.
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冬，十月，癸酉，卫侯郑卒。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, on the Gouyou day, Duke Wei Zheng died.
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宋人围滕。 |
| | The Song people besieged Teng.
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楚子伐郑。 |
| | Duke Chu attacked Zheng.
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晋郤缺帅师救郑。 |
| | Jin Xique led an army to rescue Zheng.
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陈杀其大夫泄冶。 |
| | Chen killed its official Yie Ya.
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| | 宣公九年: |
九年，春，王使来徵聘。夏，孟献子聘于周。王以为有礼，厚贿之。 |
| | In the ninth year, spring, an envoy from the king came to request a visit. In summer, Meng Xianzi paid a courtesy visit to Zhou. The king considered him courteous and gave him generous gifts in return.
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秋，取根牟，言易也。 |
| | In autumn, Genmou was taken; it was said to have been easily captured.
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滕昭公卒。 |
| | Duke Zhaogong of Teng died.
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会于扈，讨不睦也。陈侯不会。晋荀林父以诸侯之师伐陈。晋侯卒于扈，乃还。 |
| | They met at Hu to punish those who were not in harmony. Duke Chen did not attend the meeting. Jin Xunlinfu, leading an army of feudal lords, attacked Chen. Duke Jin died at Hu; the forces then withdrew.
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冬，宋人围滕，因其丧也。 |
| | In winter, the Song people besieged Teng, taking advantage of its time of mourning.
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陈灵公与孔宁、仪行父通于夏姬，皆衷其衵服，以戏于朝。泄冶谏曰，公卿宣淫，民无效焉，且闻不令。君其纳之！」公曰：「吾能改矣。」公告二子。二子请杀之，公弗禁，遂杀泄冶。孔子曰：“《》云：‘’，其泄冶之谓乎！」” |
| | Duke Linggong of Chen had an affair with Kong Ning and Yi Xingfu with Xia Ji; they all wore her undergarments inside their clothes, playing games in the court. Yie Ya advised, "The dukes and high officials openly indulge in lust; the people will have no example to follow. Moreover, it is heard as a bad reputation." "May Your Majesty please accept this advice!" The duke said, "I can reform myself." The duke informed the two men. The two men requested to kill him, and the duke did not forbid it; thus they killed Yie Ya. Confucius said, "The Book of Songs says: 'When the people have many wrongdoers, do not set an example of wrongdoing yourselves.' This must be referring to Yie Ya!"
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楚子为厉之役故，伐郑。 |
| | Duke Chu launched a campaign against Zheng because of the events at Lai.
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晋郤缺救郑。郑伯败楚师于柳棼。国人皆喜，唯子良忧曰：「是国之灾也，吾死无日矣。」 |
| | Jin Xique came to rescue Zheng. Duke Zheng defeated the Chu army at Liufen. The people of the state were all happy, but Zi Liang was worried and said, "This is a disaster for our country. I have no more days to live."
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| | 宣公十年: |
十年，春，公如齐。公至自齐。 |
| | In the tenth year [of his reign], spring, the Gong went to Qi. The Gong returned from Qi.
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齐人归我济西田。 |
| | The people of Qi returned the western fields of Ji to us.
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夏，四月，丙辰，日有食之。 |
| | In summer, fourth month, on the Bingchen day (April 21, 479 BC), there was a solar eclipse.
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己巳，齐侯元卒。 |
| | On the Jisi day (May 2, 479 BC) Duke Yuan of Qi died.
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齐崔氏出奔卫。 |
| | The Cui clan of Qi fled to Wei.
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公如齐，五月，公至自齐。 |
| | The Gong went to Qi; in the fifth month, the Gong returned from Qi.
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癸巳，陈夏徵舒弑其君平国。 |
| | On the Guisi day (June 12, 598 BC), Chen Xiazhengshu killed his ruler Pingguo.
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六月，宋师伐滕。 |
| | In the sixth month, Song forces attacked Teng.
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公孙归父如齐。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu went to Qi.
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葬齐惠公。晋人、宋人、卫人、曹人伐郑。 |
| | The funeral of Duke Hui of Qi was held. Jin forces, Song forces, Wei forces, and Cao forces attacked Zheng.
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秋，天王使王季子来聘。 |
| | In autumn, the Son of Heaven sent Wang Jizi to pay a visit.
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公孙归父帅师伐邾，取绎。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu led an army to attack Zhu and captured Yi.
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大水。 |
| | There was a great flood.
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季孙行父如齐。 |
| | Jisun Xingfu went to Qi.
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冬，公孙归父如齐。齐侯使国佐来聘。 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu went to Qi Duke of Qi sent Guo Zhao to pay a visit
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饥，楚子伐郑。 |
| | There was famine; King of Chu attacked Zheng
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| | 宣公十年: |
十年，春，公如齐。齐侯以我服故，归济西之田。 |
| | The tenth year, spring, the Gong went to Qi Duke of Qi returned the fields west of Ji because we had submitted
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夏，齐惠公卒。崔杼有宠于惠公，高，国畏其逼也，公卒而逐之，奔卫。书曰，崔氏，非其罪也，且告以族，不以名，凡诸侯之大夫违，告于诸侯曰，某氏之守臣某，失守宗庙，敢告。」所有玉帛之使者则告，不然，则否。 |
| | In summer, Duke Hui of Qi died Cui Zhu was favored by Duke Hui; Gao and Guo feared that he would become too powerful, so after the duke's death they drove him out, and he fled to Wei The Records state: "Cui Shi" [the surname was used instead of the personal name], for he was not guilty of a crime, and furthermore, it is announced by clan rather than by name. In general, when a high official under any feudal lord violates his duties, the announcement to other lords should read: 'A certain clan's chief minister, so-and-so, has failed in guarding the ancestral temple; we dare to report this.' If there are envoys carrying jade and silk [i.e., formal diplomatic envoys], then an announcement is made; otherwise, it is not
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公如齐奔丧。 |
| | The Gong went to Qi to mourn the death of Duke Hui
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陈灵公与孔宁，仪行父，饮酒于夏氏，公谓行父曰：「徵舒似女。」对曰：「亦似君。」徵舒病之。公出，自其厩射而杀之。二子奔楚。 |
| | Duke Ling of Chen and Kong Ning, Yixingfu drank together at Xia's house. The duke said to Xingfu: "Zhengshu looks like you." Xingfu replied: "He also resembles you, my lord." Zhengshu was offended by this. When the duke went out, Zhengshu shot and killed him from his stable The two men fled to Chu
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滕人恃晋而不事宋，六月，宋师伐滕。 |
| | The people of Teng relied on Jin and did not serve Song; in the sixth month, Song forces marched against Teng
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郑及楚平。诸侯之师伐郑，取成而还。 |
| | Zheng made peace with Chu The allied forces of the feudal lords attacked Zheng, reached an agreement, and then withdrew
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秋，刘康公来报聘。 |
| | In autumn, Liu Kanggong came to reciprocate a visit
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师伐邾，取绎。 |
| | Forces attacked Zhu and captured Yi
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季文子初聘于齐。 |
| | Ji Wenzhi made his first official visit to Qi
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冬，子家如齐，伐邾故也。国武子来报聘。 |
| | In winter, Zijia went to Qi because of the attack on Zhu Guo Wuzi came to reciprocate a visit.
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楚子伐郑。晋士会救郑，逐楚师于颍北。诸侯之师戍郑。郑子家卒。郑人讨幽公之乱，斫子家之棺，而逐其族。改葬幽公，諡之曰灵。 |
| | King of Chu attacked Zheng. Jin Shi Hui rescued Zheng and drove the Chu forces north of Ying. The allied forces of feudal lords garrisoned in Zheng. Zijia of Zheng died. The people of Zheng punished the chaos caused by You Gong, chopped open Zijia's coffin, and drove out his clan They reburied Duke You and posthumously honored him with the title Ling
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| | 宣公十一... : |
十有一年，春，王正月。 |
| | In the eleventh year, spring, the first month of the king.
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夏，楚子，陈侯，郑伯，盟于辰陵。 |
| | In summer, Lord Chu, Duke Chen, and Marquis Zheng concluded an alliance at Chenling.
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公孙归父会齐人伐莒。 |
| | Gongsun Guifu joined the Qi forces in attacking Ju.
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秋，晋侯会狄于攒函。 |
| | In autumn, Duke Jin met with the Di people at Cuanhan.
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冬，十月，楚人杀陈夏徵舒。 |
| | In winter, the tenth month, the Chu people killed Chen Xiazhengshu.
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丁亥，楚子入陈。纳公孙宁仪行父于陈。 |
| | On the Dinghai day, Lord Chu entered Chen. He installed Gongsun Ning Yixingfu in Chen.
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| | 宣公十一... : |
十一年，春，楚子伐郑，及栎。子良曰：「晋、楚不务德而兵争，与其来者可也。晋、楚无信，我焉得有信？」乃从楚，夏，楚盟于辰陵，陈、郑服也。 |
| | In the eleventh year, spring; Lord Chu attacked Zheng and reached Li. Ziliang said: "Jin and Chu do not strive for virtue but wage wars with arms; it is acceptable to deal with those who come." "Since Jin and Chu are without trust, how can we have trust?" So they followed Chu. In summer, the alliance with Chu was concluded at Chenling; this was because Chen and Zheng had submitted.
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楚左尹子重侵宋，王待诸郔。 |
| | Zuo Yin Zizhong of Chu invaded Song, and King Wang waited for them at Yan.
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令尹蒍艾猎城沂，使封人虑事，以授司徒。量功命日，分财用，平板干，称畚筑，程土物，议远迩，略基趾，具糇粮，度有司，事三旬而成，不愆于素。 |
| | Lingyin Weiai Lie built the city of Yi; he ordered the official in charge of boundaries to consider matters and assigned them to the Siku. They measured the work and assigned days, distributed resources, leveled the foundation timbers, matched baskets with earth-moving tools, estimated materials, discussed distances near and far, outlined the site's base, prepared provisions, assessed the officials in charge, and completed the task within thirty days without deviating from their original plan.
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晋郤成子求成于众狄，众狄疾赤狄之役，遂服于晋，秋，会于攒函，众狄服也，是行也，诸大夫欲召狄。郤成子曰：「吾闻之，非德，莫如勤，非勤，何以求人能勤，有继。其从之也。《诗》曰：『文王既勤止。』文王犹勤，况寡德乎？」 |
| | Jin Xichengzi sought peace with the Zhong Di. The Zhong Di, weary of their conflict with the Chi Di, submitted to Jin. In autumn, they met at Cuanhan; this was because the Zhong Di had submitted. On this occasion, the high officials wanted to summon the Di people. Xichengzi said: "I have heard that without virtue, nothing is better than diligence. Without diligence, how can one seek others? Diligence has continuity." They should follow it. The "Poem" says: "King Wen was already diligent." "If King Wen, a virtuous ruler, was still diligent, how much more so for one with lesser virtue?"
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冬，楚子为陈夏氏乱故，伐陈。谓陈人「无动将讨于少西氏」。遂入陈，杀夏徵舒，轘诸栗门。因县陈，陈侯在晋。申叔时使于齐反，复命而退。王使让之曰，夏徵舒为不道，弑其君，寡人以诸侯讨而戮之，诸侯县公皆庆寡人，女独不庆寡人，何故？」对曰：「犹可辞乎？」王曰：「可哉！」曰夏徵舒弑其君，其罪大矣，讨而戮之，君之义也，抑人亦有言曰，牵牛以蹊人之田，而夺之牛。』牵牛以蹊者，信有罪矣，而夺之牛。』罚已重矣，诸侯之从也，曰讨有罪也。今县陈，贪其富也。以讨召诸侯，而以贪归之，无乃不可乎？」王曰：「善哉吾未之闻也。反之，可乎？」对曰：「吾侪小人所谓『取诸其怀而与之』也。」乃复封陈。乡取一人焉以归，谓之夏州。故书曰：「楚子入陈。纳公孙宁、仪行父于陈」，书有礼也。 |
| | In winter, Lord Chu attacked Chen because of the disorder caused by the Xia clan in Chen. lname He told the people of Chen, "Do not move; we will punish the Shaoxi Shi." He then entered Chen, killed Xia Zhengshu, and had him dismembered at Limei Gate. Chen was thus made a county; Duke Chen was in Jin. Shenshushi, after returning from a mission to Qi, reported his orders and then withdrew. The king sent someone to reprimand him, saying: "Xia Zhengshu acted immorally and killed his lord. I punished and executed him on behalf of the feudal lords. All the county marquises among the feudal lords congratulated me, yet you alone did not congratulate me. Why is that?" He replied: "Is it still possible to make an excuse?" The king said: "That is acceptable!" He said: "Xia Zhengshu killed his lord; his crime was great. To punish and execute him is your duty as a ruler. Yet people also say, 'Lead an ox through someone's field, then take the ox away.'" "He who leads an ox to trample a field is indeed guilty, but to take his ox—" "—the punishment is already severe. The feudal lords followed you, saying it was to punish the criminal." "Now making Chen a county—this is out of greed for its wealth." "To summon the feudal lords under the pretense of punishment, yet to return with greed—is this not unacceptable?" The king said: "Well spoken! I have never heard it put so well before." "Shall we reverse the decision, then?" He replied: "We humble officials mean what is called 'taking it from one's own bosom and giving it away.'" Then they restored the state of Chen. They took one person from each village to return with them, and called it Xia Zhou. Therefore the records say: "Lord Chu entered Chen." "Installed Gongsun Ning and Yixingfu in Chen"—this is recorded because it was an act of propriety.
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厉之役，郑伯逃归，自是楚未得志焉。郑既受盟于辰陵，又徼事于晋。 |
| | In the campaign at Li, Duke Zheng fled back to his state; since then, Chu had not achieved its ambitions. Zheng, having already concluded an alliance in Chenling, also sought favor with Jin.
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| | 宣公十二... : |
十有二年，春，葬陈灵公。 |
| | In the twelfth year [of his reign], spring, Duke Ling of Chen was buried.
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楚子围郑。 |
| | The ruler of Chu besieged Zheng.
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夏，六月，乙卯，晋荀林父帅师及楚子战于邲，晋师败绩。 |
| | In summer, on the Yimao day of the sixth month, Jin Xun Linfu led his troops to fight against the ruler of Chu at Bi. The Jin forces suffered a crushing defeat.
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秋，七月。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month.
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冬，十有二月，戊寅，楚子灭萧。 |
| | In winter, on the Wuyin day of the twelfth month, the ruler of Chu destroyed Xiao.
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晋人，宋人，卫人，曹人，同盟于清丘，宋师伐陈，卫人救陈。 |
| | The people of Jin, Song, Wei, and Cao formed an alliance at Qingqiu. The Song forces attacked Chen, and the people of Wei came to Chen's rescue.
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| | 宣公十二... : |
十二年，春，楚子围郑。旬有七日，郑人卜行成不吉，卜临于大宫，且巷出车，吉。国人大临，守陴者皆哭。楚子退师。郑人修城。进复围之，三月，克之。入自皇门，至于逵路。郑伯肉袒牵羊以逆，曰，孤不天，不能事君，使君怀怒以及敝邑，孤之罪也。敢不唯命是听其俘诸江南以实海滨，亦唯命。其翦以赐诸侯，使臣妾之，亦唯命。若惠顾前好，徼福于厉，宣，桓，武，不泯其社稷，使改事君，夷于九县，君之惠也。孤之愿也，非所敢望也，敢布腹心，君实图之。」左右曰：「不可许也，得国无赦。」王曰：「其君能下人，必能信用其民矣，庸可几乎！」退三十里，而许之平。潘尪入盟，子良出质。 |
| | The twelfth year [of the reign], spring, the ruler of Chu besieged Zheng. ้อย After seventeen days, the people of Zheng divined whether to seek peace and it was considered inauspicious. They then divined about proceeding to the Grand Temple and also about taking carts out through the alleys, which was considered auspicious. The people of the state mourned deeply; those defending the walls all wept. The ruler of Chu withdrew his troops. The people of Zheng repaired the city walls. They advanced again and besieged it; in March, they captured it. They entered through the Huang Gate and proceeded to the main roads. Duke Bo of Zheng, with his body bare and leading a sheep, went to meet them. He said, "I have been unkind to Heaven and failed to serve my lord properly, causing your anger to reach our humble state. This is my fault." How dare I not obey your command? Whether you take me and the people as captives to the southern banks of the River or settle us by the seashore, I will obey. If you wish to cut down our people and bestow them upon the feudal lords as servants or slaves, we shall also obey your command. If you would be gracious enough to recall our former good relations, and seek blessings from the spirits of Marquis Li, Duke Xuan, Duke Huan, and Duke Wu, not allowing our ancestral temple offerings to perish, and instead permitting us to change our service to you as equals among nine counties, this would be your grace. This is my humble wish, though not something I dare to hope for. I have the courage only to express my heartfelt thoughts; you must truly consider this matter." Those around him said: "We cannot agree, for once a state is captured, there is no forgiveness." The king said: "His ruler is able to humble himself; surely he can also gain the trust and loyalty of his people. How could we possibly destroy such a state!" They withdrew thirty li, and agreed to make peace with them. Pan Wang entered into an alliance; Zi Liang went out as a hostage.
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夏，六月，晋师救郑。荀林父将中军，先縠佐之。士会将上军，郤克佐之。赵朔将下军，栾书佐之。」赵括，赵婴齐，为中军大夫，巩朔、韩穿为上军大夫。荀首、赵同为下军大夫。韩厥为司马。及河，闻郑既及楚平，桓子欲还，曰，无及于郑，而剿民，焉用之，楚归而动，不后。」随武子曰：「善。会闻用师，观衅而动。德、刑、政、事、典、礼不易，不可敌也，不为是征。楚军讨郑，怒其贰而哀其卑，叛而伐之，服而舍之，德、刑成矣。伐叛，刑也，柔服，德也，二者立矣。昔岁入陈，今兹入郑，民不罢劳，君无怨讟，政有经矣。荆尸而举，商农工贾，不败其业。而卒乘辑睦，事不奸矣。蒍敖为宰，择楚国之令典，军行，右辕，左追蓐，前茅虑无，中权后劲。百官象物而动，军政不戒而备，能用典矣。其君之举也，内姓选于亲，外姓选于旧。举不失德，赏不失劳，老有加惠，旅有施舍，君子小人，物有服章。贵有常尊，贱有等威，礼不逆矣。德立、刑行、政成、事时、典从、礼顺，若之何敌之见可而进，知难而退，军之善政也。兼弱攻昧，武之善经也。子姑整军而经武乎犹有弱而昧者，何必楚仲虺有言曰『取乱侮亡』，兼弱也。《汋》曰『于铄王师！遵养时晦，耆昧也，《武》曰：『无竞惟烈。』抚弱耆昧，以务烈所，可也。」彘子曰：「不可。晋所以霸，师武、臣力也。今失诸侯，不可谓力。有敌而不从，不可谓武。由我失霸，不如死。且成师以出，闻敌强而退，非夫也。命有军师，而卒以非夫，唯群子能，我弗为也。」以中军佐济。 |
| | In summer, on the sixth month, the Jin forces came to rescue Zheng. Xun Linfu commanded the central army, with Xian Hu as his assistant. Shi Hui commanded the upper army, assisted by Xi Ke. Zhao Shuo commanded the lower army, with Luan Shu as his assistant." Zhao Kuo and Zhao Yingqi served as central army doctors; Gong Shuo and Han Chuan served as upper army doctors. Xun Shou and Zhao Tong served as lower army doctors. Han Jue was the Sima (military officer). When they reached the river, they heard that Zheng had already made peace with Chu. Marquis Huan wanted to return and said, "We have not yet reached Zheng but are already harassing the people; what use is there in continuing? Let us wait until after the Chu forces return before taking action." Sui Wuzi said, "Good. I have heard that when using troops, one should observe the enemy's weakness and then act. Morality, punishment, administration, affairs, institutions, and rites remain unchanged; such a state cannot be opposed, so we should not launch an expedition for this reason. The Chu army punished Zheng, angry at its duplicity yet moved by its humility. They attacked when it rebelled and forgave it when it submitted; thus morality and punishment were fulfilled. To punish rebellion is punishment, to subdue with gentleness is virtue—both have been established. Last year we entered Chen, and this year we entered Zheng; the people are not weary or burdened, nor does the ruler harbor resentment or complaints—this shows that governance follows a proper course. The soldiers were mobilized in an orderly manner; merchants, farmers, artisans, and traders did not abandon their occupations. And the foot-soldiers and charioteers remained united—this shows that affairs are free from corruption. Duo Ao served as prime minister, selecting the best regulations of Chu. When the army marched, it kept its right side forward and left side backward for rest; scouts were sent ahead to clear the way without omission, while command was centralized in the center with strength at the rear. All officials acted according to their roles and objects; military administration was prepared without need for constant warnings—this shows they could properly apply the established regulations. The appointments by their ruler were such that among the native clans, he chose relatives; and from outside clans, he selected those of long-standing. Appointments did not overlook virtue, rewards did not ignore merit; the elderly received additional kindness, and travelers were given charity. For both gentlemen and commoners, there was proper dress and distinction. The noble had fixed respect, the lowly had their ranks and authority—rituals were not violated. Virtue is established, punishment executed, governance accomplished, affairs timely handled, institutions followed, and rites observed. How then could we oppose them? When they see an opportunity to advance, they do so; when aware of difficulty, they retreat—this is the excellence of military administration. To join forces against the weak and attack those in darkness is the good strategy of warfare. You should now organize your troops and prepare for war, for there are still the weak and confused—why must we fight with Chu? Zhong Hui once said: "Take advantage of chaos and humiliate those who have perished"—this is to join forces against weakness. The Shuo says, "How brilliant is the king's army! It follows and nurtures at times of obscurity, for it waits on the old and confused. The Wu says: "Do not compete except in valor." "To comfort the weak and wait upon those who are confused, so as to pursue what is valiant—this is acceptable." Zhi Zi said: "No. Jin's dominance is due to the strength of its army and the efforts of its ministers. Now, having lost the feudal lords, we cannot be said to have strength. To face an enemy and not follow through is not true valor. If the loss of hegemony lies with us, it would be better to die. Moreover, having mustered our troops and gone out, if we now hear the enemy is strong and retreat, that is not manly. We have a commander for our army; yet if we end up as cowards, only you sons can do it—I will not do so." He used the deputy of the central army to cross.
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知庄子曰：「此师殆哉！周易有之，在师之临曰：『师出以律，否臧，凶。』执事顺成为臧，逆为否，众散为弱，川壅为泽，有律以如己也。故曰，律否臧，且律竭也，盈而以竭，夭且不整，所以凶也，不行谓之临，有帅而不从，临孰甚焉此之谓矣。果遇必败，彘子尸之。虽免而归，必有大咎。」韩献子谓桓子曰：「彘子以偏师陷，子罪大矣。子为元帅，师不用命，谁之罪也？失属亡师，为罪已重，不如进也，事之不捷，恶有所分。与其专罪，六人同之，不犹愈乎？」师遂济。 |
| | Zhi Zhuangzi said: "This campaign is in danger! The Book of Changes says so. In the hexagram Lin under Shī, it states: "When an army marches out according to law, if disorder and evil prevail, there will be misfortune." If those in charge act in accordance with order and achieve success, that is good; if they go against it, that is disorder. When the people disperse, strength becomes weakness; when rivers are blocked, they become marshes—this all depends on whether one follows the law as if for oneself. Therefore it says, "Disorder and evil arise from failure to follow the law," and furthermore, exhaustion follows. When fullness turns into depletion, when vitality is lost and order broken—this brings misfortune. To act without going forward is called Lin (admonition). Having a commander but not following him—who could be more severe in this situation? This is what it means. As expected, if they met the enemy, there would certainly be defeat, and Zhi Zi would bear responsibility for it. Even if he escaped and returned, there must surely be great blame." Han Xianzi said to Marquis Huan: "Zhi Zi led a detachment into danger; your guilt is great indeed. You are the supreme commander, yet the army did not obey orders—whose fault could this be? To lose your subordinates and the entire army is already a grave crime. It would be better to advance. If the matter does not succeed, the blame can be shared. Rather than bear the guilt alone, let six men share it; would this not still be better?" The army thus crossed.
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楚子北师次于郔。沈尹将中军，子重将左，子反将右，将饮马于河而归。闻晋师既济，王欲还，嬖人伍参欲战。令尹孙叔敖弗欲，曰：「昔岁入陈，今兹入郑，不无事矣。战而不捷，参之肉其足食乎？」参曰：「若事之捷，孙叔为无谋矣。不捷，参之肉将在晋军，可得食乎？」令尹南辕反旆，伍参言于王曰：「晋之从政者新，未能行令。其佐先縠刚愎不仁，未肯用命。其三帅者，专行不获。听而无上，众谁适从此行也，晋师必败。且君而逃臣，若社稷何？」王病之，告令尹改乘辕而北之，次于管以待之。 |
| | The ruler of Chu led his northern forces and stationed them at Yan. Shen Yin commanded the central army; Zi Zhong commanded the left, and Zi Fan commanded the right. They intended to drink their horses at the Yellow River before returning home. When he heard that the Jin army had already crossed, the king wanted to return, but his favorite retainer Wu Can wished to fight. The Ling Yin Sun Shuao did not want this, saying: "Last year we entered Chen; this year we have entered Zheng. There is no lack of affairs already. "If we fight and do not win, will the flesh of Can be enough to eat?" Can said: "If this affair is successful, then Sun Shuao would have been without strategy. "If we do not win, Can's flesh will be in the Jin army—can it still be eaten?" The Ling Yin turned his chariot southward and reversed the banner. Wu Can said to the king: "Those in charge of government affairs in Jin are new, and have not yet been able to carry out orders effectively. His deputy Xian Hu is rigid, stubborn, and unkind; he will not be willing to obey commands. The three commanders are acting independently without coordination. They listen to no one above them; who among the troops will follow? This campaign, the Jin army must surely be defeated. Moreover, if a ruler flees from his ministers, what of the ancestral temple and state?" The king was troubled by this. He informed the Ling Yin to change direction northward, stationing at Guan to await them.
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晋师在敖、鄗之间。郑皇戌使如晋师，曰：「郑之从楚，社稷之故也，未有贰心。楚师骤胜而骄，其师老矣，而不设备。子击之，郑师为承，楚师必败。」彘子曰：「败楚服郑，于此在矣，必许之。」栾武子曰：楚自克庸以来，其君无日不讨国人而训之于民生之不易，祸至之无日，戒惧之不可以怠。在军，无日不讨军实而申儆之，于胜之不可保、纣之百克而卒无后，训之以若敖、蚡冒筚路蓝缕以启山林。箴之曰：『民生在勤，勤则不匮。』不可谓骄。先大夫子犯有言曰：『师直为壮，曲为老。』我则不德，而徼怨于楚，我曲楚直，不可谓老。其君之戎，分为二广，广有一卒，卒偏之两。右广初驾，数及日中，左则受之，以至于昏，内官序当其夜，以待不虞。不可谓无备。子良，郑之良也，师叔，楚之崇也，师叔入盟，子良在楚，楚、郑亲矣。来劝我战，我克则来，不克遂往，以我卜也郑不可从。」赵括、赵同曰：「率师以来，唯敌是求。克敌、得属，又何俟必从彘子。」知季曰：「原、屏，咎之徒也。」赵庄子曰：「栾伯善哉实其言，必长晋国。」 |
| | The Jin army was between Ao and Hao. Zheng Huang Xu was sent to the Jin camp, saying: "Zheng's alliance with Chu is for the sake of our ancestral temple and state; we have not had a second thought. "The Chu forces, after repeated victories, are arrogant; their troops are exhausted yet lack preparedness. If you attack them, the Zheng army will support you—Chu's forces must surely be defeated." Zhi Zi said: "To defeat Chu and subdue Zheng lies in this opportunity; we must certainly agree to it." Luan Wuzi said: "Since Chu defeated Yong, its ruler has not had a day without admonishing the people and instructing them on how difficult it is to sustain life, how sudden disaster can come, and that vigilance cannot be relaxed. In the army, there has not been a day without reviewing military supplies and issuing warnings. They have reminded them that victory cannot be guaranteed; even although ZHOU had a hundred victories, he ultimately left no descendants. They taught them by citing Ruoao and Fenmou, who endured hardship with patched-up carts and frayed clothes to open up the mountains and forests. They advised: "The people's livelihood depends on diligence; where there is diligence, there will be no shortage." Therefore, they cannot be called arrogant. The late official Zi Fan once said: "An army with just cause is strong; one without it becomes weary." We have been unjust, and we have provoked resentment in Chu. We are the ones who are wrong; they are just. Therefore, it cannot be said that their forces are weary. Their ruler's troops were divided into two Guang formations. Each Guang had one Zu, and each Zu was split into two Bian. The right Guang began harnessing the chariots at dawn, and by midday had completed several rounds. The left Guang then took over, continuing until dusk. During the night, internal officials followed a sequence to be on duty in case of unexpected events. Therefore, it cannot be said they were unprepared. Zi Liang is a virtuous man of Zheng, and Shishu is esteemed in Chu. Since Shishu entered into an alliance, Zi Liang was in Chu—thus the relations between Chu and Zheng have become close. They came to urge us to fight; if we win, they will come with us; if not, they will go ahead and use our outcome as an omen. Zheng cannot be followed." Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong said: "We have led the army here, seeking only to fight the enemy. Defeating the enemy and gaining subordinates—why wait for anything else? We need not necessarily follow Zhi Zi." Zhi Ji said: "Yuan Ping is merely a follower of guilt." Zhao Zhuangzi said: "Luan Bo spoke well and truthfully; he will surely be a great leader for Jin."
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楚少宰如晋师。曰：「寡君少遭闵凶，不能文。闻二先君之出入此行也，将郑是训定，岂敢求罪于晋二三子无淹久！」随季对曰：「昔平王命我先君文侯曰：『与郑夹辅周室，毋废王命！』今郑不率，寡君使群臣问诸郑，岂敢辱候人敢拜君命之辱。」彘子以为谄，使赵括从而更之，曰：「行人失辞。寡君使群臣迁大国之迹于郑，曰：『无辟敌！』群臣无所逃命。」楚子又使求成于晋，晋人许之，盟有日矣。楚许伯御乐伯，摄叔为右，以致晋师。许伯曰：「吾闻致师者，御靡旌摩垒而还。」乐伯曰，吾闻致师者，左射以菆，代御执辔，御下，两马、掉鞅而还。」摄叔曰，吾闻致师者，右入垒，折馘，执俘而还。」皆行其所闻而复。晋人逐之，左右角之。乐伯左射马而右射人，角不能进，矢一而已。麋兴于前，射麋丽龟。晋鲍癸当其后，使摄叔奉麋献焉，曰：「以岁之非时，献禽之未至，敢膳诸从者。」鲍癸止之曰：「其左善射，其右有辞，君子也。」既免。 |
| | The minor minister of Chu went to the camp of Jin. He said: "My lord, at a young age, he encountered misfortune and calamity, so he is unable to be eloquent. He heard that the two former lords of our state, when they traveled this route, were determined to instruct and pacify Zheng. How could we dare to seek punishment from you, gentlemen of Jin? Do not delay for long!" lords Sui Ji replied: "In the past, King Ping ordered our late lord Duke Wen of Jin, saying: 'Together with Zheng, assist and support the Zhou dynasty; do not neglect the king's commands!' Now that Zheng is not following orders, my lord has sent his ministers to inquire of Zheng. How dare we trouble the attendants? We respectfully bow and accept your lord's command." Zhi Zi thought this was flattery, so he sent Zhao Kuo to replace him, saying: "The envoy has used improper words. My lord ordered his ministers to impose the footsteps of a great state upon Zheng, saying: "Do not avoid the enemy!" The ministers have nowhere to escape their orders." Duke of Chu again sent envoys to seek peace with Jin, and the people of Jin agreed. A date for the alliance had already been set. Chu Xu Bo drove Le Bo, while She Shu served as his charioteer's right-hand man, to confront the army of Jin. Xu Bo said: "I have heard that when one challenges an enemy force, the driver should lower the flag, touch the enemy's fortification with the whip, and then return." Le Bo said: "I have heard that when challenging an enemy force, one should shoot to the left with a bow, hand over the reins for another to drive, descend from the chariot, let two horses loose, and return by pulling on the reins." She Shu said: "I have heard that when challenging an army, one enters the enemy's camp on the right side, cuts off ears as trophies, captures prisoners, and returns." Each did according to what he had heard and then returned. The Jin forces pursued them, attacking from both sides. Le Bo shot at the horse with his left hand and at the soldier with his right; the Jin forces could not advance further, having used only one arrow. A deer suddenly appeared in front of him, so he shot it and wounded a turtle. A Jin officer named Bao Gui was stationed behind them. He ordered She Shu to present the deer as an offering, saying: "Since this is not the proper season of the year and game has yet to arrive, we dare offer this meat to your attendants." Bao Gui stopped him and said: "The man on the left is good at shooting, and the one on the right speaks eloquently; they are gentlemen." They were then released.
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晋魏锜求，公族未得，而怒，欲败晋师。请致师，弗许。请使，许之。遂往，请战而还。楚潘党逐之，及荧泽，见六麋，射一麋以顾献。曰：子有军事，兽人无乃不给于鲜，敢献于从者。」叔党命去之。赵旃求卿未得，且怒于失楚之致师者。请挑战，弗许。请召盟，许之。与魏锜皆命而往。郤献子曰，二憾往矣，弗备，必败。」彘子曰，郑人劝战，弗敢从也，楚人求成，弗能好也，师无成命，多备何为？」士季曰：「备之善。若二子怒楚，楚人乘我，丧师无日矣。不如备之。楚之无恶，除备而盟，何损于好若以恶来，有备不败。且虽诸侯相见，军卫不彻，警也。」彘子不可。 |
| | Jin Wei Qi sought something, but the royal clan had not yet obtained it; he became angry and wished to destroy the Jin army. He requested permission to challenge the enemy force, but was refused. He then asked for a diplomatic mission and was granted permission. So he went, requested battle, and returned. Chu Pan Dang pursued him; they reached Ying Ze, where six deer were seen. He shot one and sent it back as a gift. He said: "Since you have military affairs, the hunters may not be able to provide fresh game; we dare offer this deer to your attendants." Shu Dang ordered it removed. Zhao Zhan had not yet been granted the rank of Qing, and was also angry about losing to the envoy from Chu who challenged them. He requested permission to issue a challenge, but it was denied. lando He then asked for an invitation to form an alliance and was granted permission. Both he and Wei Qi were ordered to go. Xi Xianzi said: "Two men with grievances are going; if we do not prepare, we will surely be defeated." Zhi Zi said: "The people of Zheng urged us to fight, but we dared not follow. The people of Chu sought peace, yet we could not accept it. Since the army has no clear orders, what is the point of being over-prepared?" Shi Ji said: "It is good to be prepared." If these two men anger Chu, and the people of Chu attack us, we will suffer a defeat in no time at all. "It is better to prepare for it." "If Chu has no ill intent, we can remove our preparations and form an alliance—what harm would that do to good relations? But if they come with hostility, being prepared will prevent defeat." "Moreover, even when feudal lords meet each other, their military guards do not disband; this is a precautionary measure." Zhi Zi did not agree.
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士季使巩朔，韩穿，帅七覆于敖前，故上军不败。赵婴齐使其徒先具舟于河，故败而先济。 |
| | Shi Ji sent Gong Shuo and Han Chuan to lead seven companies in ambush ahead of Ao, so the upper army did not suffer defeat. Zhao Yingqi had his men prepare boats along the river beforehand, so when they were defeated, he and his forces crossed to safety first.
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潘党既逐魏锜，赵旃夜至于楚军，席于军门之外，使其徒入之。楚子为乘广三十乘，分为左右右。广鸡鸣而驾，日中而说。左则受之，日入而说。许偃御右广，养由基为右，彭名御左广，屈荡为右，乙卯，王乘左广以逐赵旃。赵旃弃车而走林，屈荡搏之，得其甲裳。晋人惧二子之怒楚师也，使軘车逆之。潘党望其尘，使骋而告曰：「晋师至矣！」楚人亦惧王之入晋军也，遂出陈。孙叔曰：「进之宁我薄人，无人薄我。《诗》云：『元戎十乘，以先启行。』先人也，《军志》曰『先人有夺人之心』，薄之也。」遂疾进师，车驰卒奔，乘晋军。桓子不知所为，鼓于军中曰：「先济者有赏！」中军、下军争舟，舟中之指可掬也。 |
| | After Pan Dang had pursued Wei Qi, Zhao Zhan arrived at the camp of Chu that night. He sat outside the gate of the military encampment and sent his men inside. Duke of Chu prepared thirty chariots, dividing them into left and right wings on the right side. The right wing harnessed their chariots at cockcrow and unharnessed by midday. Then the left wing took over, unyoking their horses as the sun set. Xu Yan drove the right Guang, with Yang Youji as his charioteer on the right. Peng Ming drove the left Guang, with Qu Dang as his charioteer to the right. On Yi Mao day, the king rode in the left Guang to pursue Zhao Zhan. Zhao Zhan abandoned his chariot and fled into the woods; Qu Dang chased after him and captured his armor and lower garment. The Jin people, fearing that these two men would anger the Chu army, sent a carriage to intercept them. Pan Dang saw their dust and ordered someone to gallop ahead and report: "The Jin army is coming!" The people of Chu also feared that the king might be captured by the Jin forces, so they deployed their troops. Sun Shu said: "Advance! Better for us to attack them than for them to attack us." The Book of Songs says: "Ten chariots lead the way, opening the path ahead." This means to strike first. The Military Manual says: "To attack before the enemy does is to seize their will," which means to press forward against them." So they quickly advanced, with chariots galloping and foot soldiers running, charging into the Jin army. Huan Zi did not know what to do, so he beat a drum in the camp and declared: "Rewards will be given to those who cross first!" The middle army and lower army competed for the boats, with so many fingers lost in the water that they could be scooped up by handfuls.
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晋师右移，上军未动。工尹齐将右拒卒以逐下军。楚子使唐狡，与蔡鸠居，告唐惠侯，曰：「不谷不德而贪，以遇大敌，不谷之罪也。然楚不克，君之羞也。敢藉君灵以济楚师。」使潘党率游阙四十乘，从唐侯以为左拒，以从上军。驹伯曰：「待诸乎？随季曰，楚师方壮，若萃于我，吾师必尽，不如收而去之。分谤生民，不亦可乎？」殿其卒而退，不败。 |
| | The Jin forces shifted to their right side; the upper army had not yet moved. Gong Yin Qi led the right reserve troops to pursue the lower army of Jin. Duke of Chu sent Tang Jiao and Cai Jiujū to inform Duke Hui of Tang, saying: "I am unworthy and greedy, yet I have encountered a powerful enemy. This is my fault." "However, if Chu cannot prevail, it will be a disgrace to you, your lordship. We dare to rely on the power of your lordship to assist our forces." He ordered Pan Dang to lead forty mobile chariots, following Duke Tang as the left wing formation to support the upper army. Ju Bo said: "Shall we wait for them?" Sui Ji said: "The Chu forces are at their peak. If they concentrate against us, our entire army will be destroyed. It is better to withdraw and regroup." "Dividing the blame and preserving our people—would that not be acceptable?" They withdrew with their rear guard intact, thus avoiding defeat.
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王见右广，将从之乘。屈荡尸之曰：「君以此始，亦必以终。」自是楚之乘广先左。晋人或以广队，不能进，楚人惎之脱扃，少进，马还，又惎之拔旆投衡，乃出。顾曰：「吾不如大国之数奔也。」赵旃以其良马二济其兄与叔父。以他马反，遇敌不能去，弃车而走林。逢大夫与其二子乘，谓其二子无顾。顾曰，赵傁在后，怒之，使下，指木曰：「尸女于是。」授赵旃绥以免。明日以表尸之，皆重获在木下。楚熊负羁囚知罃。知庄子以其族反之，厨武子御，下军之士多从之。每射，抽矢菆，纳诸厨子之房。厨子怒曰，非子之求，而蒲之爱，董泽之蒲，可胜既乎？」知季曰：「不以人子，吾子其可得乎？吾不可以苟射故也，射连尹襄老，获之，遂载其尸，射公子谷臣，囚之，以二者还。及昏，楚师军于邲，晋之馀师不能军，宵济，亦终夜有声。丙辰，楚重至于邲，遂次于衡雍。潘党曰，君盍筑武军，而收晋尸以为京观臣闻克敌必示子孙，以无忘武功。」楚子曰：「非尔所知也。夫文，止戈为武。武王克商，作《颂》曰：『载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢。我求懿德，肆于时夏，允王保之，又作《武》，其卒章曰：『耆定尔功。』其三曰：『铺时绎思，我徂维求定。』其六曰：『绥万邦，屡丰年。』夫武，禁暴、戢兵、保大、定功、安民、和众、丰财者也。故使子孙无忘其章。今我使二国暴骨，暴矣，观兵以威诸侯，兵不戢矣，暴而不戢，安能保大犹有晋在，焉得定功所违民欲犹多，民何安焉无德而强争诸侯，何以和众？利人之几，而安人之乱，以为己荣，何以丰财武有七德，我无一焉，何以示子孙其为先君宫，告成事而已。武非吾功也。古者明王，伐不敬，取其鲸鲵而封之，以为大戮，于是乎有京观，以惩淫慝，今罪无所，而民皆尽忠以死君命，又何以为京观乎？」祀于河，作先君宫，告成事而还。 |
| | The king saw the right Guang and was about to ride in it. Qu Dang stopped him, saying: "If you begin with this chariot, you must also end your journey in it." From then on, the right Guang of Chu would lead from the left side. Some Jin forces, using their Guang formations, could not advance. The Chu people tricked them into unlocking the chariot restraints; they slightly advanced but then the horses turned back. Again, the Chu forces tricked them by pulling down the banners and removing the crossbar, allowing the Jin to finally withdraw. Looking back, they said: "We are not as skilled in repeated retreats as a great state." Zhao Zhan used his two fine horses to ferry his elder brother and uncle across the river. He returned on another horse, but encountered the enemy and could not escape; he abandoned his chariot and ran into the woods. Duke Pang and his two sons rode together. He told his two sons, "Do not look back." They looked back and saw Zhao Zhan behind them. They became angry with him, made him get down from the chariot, pointed to a tree, and said: "Die here." They gave Zhao Zhan a 绥 (a strap for climbing into a chariot) so he could escape. The next day, they marked the spot and searched for his body; all found was the heavy armor beneath the tree. Chu Xiong Fuiji captured Zhi Ying. Zhi Zhuangzi led his clan in a counterattack, with Chu Wuzi driving the chariot; many of the lower army's soldiers followed him. Each time he shot an arrow, he drew it from his quiver and placed it in Chu Zizi's chariot compartment. Chu Zizi angrily said: "This is not what you sought, but rather your love for reeds. The reeds of Dong Ze are abundant—can they be exhausted?" Zhi Ji said: "If we do not treat others' sons as our own, can we expect to recover our own son?" "I cannot shoot carelessly for the sake of sport," he said. He shot and captured Lian Yin Xianglao, then loaded his corpse onto the chariot. He also shot Gongzi Guchen, capturing him alive, and returned with both prisoners. By dusk, the Chu forces encamped at Bi. The remaining Jin troops could not form a camp and crossed the river under cover of night, making noise throughout the entire night. On Bingchen day, the main forces of Chu arrived at Bi and encamped at Hengyong. Pan Dang said: "Why don't you build a military monument, my lord, and collect the corpses of the Jin soldiers to create a viewing platform? I have heard that after defeating an enemy, one must display it for descendants so they will not forget our martial achievements." Duke of Chu said: "That is not something you understand. "True martial virtue lies in ceasing hostilities—this is the meaning of 'wu' (military virtue)." "When King Wu of Zhou defeated the Shang, he composed a "Song" saying: 'Store away weapons and bows, put them in their sheaths. 'I seek noble virtue, and thus spread it throughout the world; indeed, King Wu preserved this. He also composed a "Wu," whose final chapter says: 'Establish your achievements firmly.'" Its third section says: "Extend your thoughts and plans; I go forth to seek stability." Its sixth section says: "Stabilize all states, bring many years of abundant harvests." "True 'wu' means to restrain violence, stop warfare, preserve greatness, establish achievements, pacify the people, harmonize the masses, and enrich resources. Therefore, one ensures that descendants do not forget these principles. "Now, by exposing the bones of two states, we have been violent. Displaying our military strength to intimidate the feudal lords means warfare is not ceased. Violence without ceasing warfare—how can one preserve greatness? The Jin state still exists; how can achievements be established? There are still many actions that go against the people's wishes; how can the people find peace? Without virtue yet forcefully contending for dominance among the feudal lords, how can we harmonize the masses?" "Taking advantage of others' misfortunes and causing disorder among the people, yet regarding it as one's own glory—how can resources be enriched? 'Wu' has seven virtues, but I possess none. How then can I set an example for my descendants? To build a palace in honor of our ancestors is merely to announce completed achievements." "Military virtue is not my achievement." "In ancient times, enlightened kings waged war against those who showed disrespect. They captured their leaders and displayed them as a great punishment; thus arose the viewing platforms to punish licentiousness and wickedness. Now there is no clear crime, yet all the people have died in loyal obedience to your command—what then would be the purpose of building such a platform?" They held sacrifices at the Yellow River, built a palace for their ancestors, announced the completion of their achievements, and then returned.
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是役也，郑石制实入楚师，将以分郑，而立公子鱼臣。辛未，郑杀仆叔及子服。君子曰：「史佚所谓『毋怙乱』者，谓是类也。《诗》曰：『乱离瘼矣，爰其适归？』归于怙乱者也夫！」郑伯、许男如楚。秋，晋师归，桓子请死，晋侯欲许之，士贞子谏曰：「不可。城濮之役，晋师三日谷，文公犹有忧色。左右曰：『有喜而忧，如有忧而喜乎？』公曰：『得臣犹在，忧未歇也。困兽犹斗，况国相乎！』及楚杀子玉，公喜而后可知也，曰：『莫余毒也。』已是晋再克，而楚再败也，楚是以再世不竞，今天或者大警晋也。而又杀林父以重楚胜，其无乃久不竞乎林父之事君也，进思尽忠，退思补过，社稷之卫也，若之何杀之夫其败也，如日月之食焉，何损于明？」晋侯使复其位。 |
| | In this campaign, Shi Zhi of Zheng actually entered the army of Chu, intending to divide Zheng and establish Gongzi Yuchen as a ruler. On Xinwei day, Zheng killed Pushu and Zifu. The gentlemen said: "This is what Shi Yi meant by 'do not rely on chaos'—he was referring to people like these." "The Book of Songs says: 'Chaos and suffering have been great; where should they return to?'" "They will return to those who rely on chaos!" Duke Zheng and Marquis Xu went to Chu. In autumn, the Jin forces returned. Huanzi requested death as punishment. Duke of Jin wanted to grant it, but Shi Zhenzi advised: "No, you must not." "In the campaign at Chengpu, after three days of receiving provisions from the enemy, Duke Wen still showed a worried expression. Those around him said: "To have joy yet worry is strange—would it not be better to have sorrow and yet find joy?" The duke replied: "Chengde is still alive; my worries are far from over. "Even a cornered beast will fight, how much more so a state's prime minister!" "When Chu killed Ziyu, the duke was delighted and said: 'No one can harm me now.'" "This marked Jin's second victory and Chu's second defeat. Because of this, Chu has not been able to compete for two generations. Today, perhaps Heaven is sending a great warning to Jin." "To kill Linfu and further emphasize Chu's victory would only prolong Jin's inability to compete. Linfu served his lord by striving for loyalty in advancement and seeking to correct mistakes when retreating; he was a guardian of the state. How could one kill such a man? His failure was like an eclipse of the sun or moon—how much light has it truly diminished?" Duke of Jin ordered Linfu to resume his former position.
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冬，楚子伐萧，宋华椒以蔡人救萧。萧人囚熊相宜僚及公子丙。王曰：「勿杀，吾退。」萧人杀之。王怒，遂围萧。萧溃，申公巫臣曰：「师人多寒。」王巡三军，拊而勉之，三军之士皆如挟纩。遂傅于萧。还无社与司马卯言，号申叔展。叔展曰：「有麦麴乎？」曰无，「有山鞠穷乎？曰无，河鱼腹疾奈何，曰：「目于眢井而拯之。」「若为茅绖，哭井则已。」明日，萧溃。申叔视其井，则茅绖存焉，号而出之。 |
| | In winter, Duke of Chu attacked Xiao. Hua Jiao of Song led the people of Cai to rescue Xiao. The people of Xiao imprisoned Xiongxiang Yilao and Gongzi Bing. King Chu said: "Do not kill them, and I will withdraw." The people of Xiao killed them. King Chu was furious, and so he besieged Xiao. Xiao collapsed. Shen Gong Wuchen said: "The soldiers are suffering from the cold." King Chu toured the three armies, comforted and encouraged them. The soldiers of all three armies felt as if they were wrapped in down. He then laid siege to Xiao. Huan Wu She and Sima Mao spoke, calling out the name Shen Shuzhan. Shuzhan asked: "Do you have wheat malt?" "No," he replied. "How about mountain yuqiong?" "No," he said again. "What of the disease in the bellies of river fish? How can we deal with it?" He replied: "Look into a dry well and rescue them." "Then make a mourning sash of reeds and weep by the well—that will be enough." The next day, Xiao collapsed. Shen Shuzhan looked into the well and found the reed sash still there; he wept and retrieved it.
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晋原縠、宋华椒、卫孔达、曹人同盟于清丘。曰：「恤病，讨贰。」于是卿不书，不实其言也。宋为盟故，伐陈。卫人救之。孔达曰：「先君有约言焉。若大国讨，我则死之。」 |
| | Yuan Hu of Jin, Hua Jiao of Song, Kong Da of Wei, and the people of Cao formed an alliance at Qingqiu. They said: "Show compassion to those in distress; punish those who are disloyal." At this time, the ministers were not recorded—because their words did not reflect true intentions. Song attacked Chen because of the alliance. The people of Wei came to its rescue. Kong Da said: "Our ancestors made a mutual agreement." "If a great state punishes, we shall die for it."
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| | 宣公十四... : |
十有四年，春，卫杀其大夫孔达。夏，五月，壬申，曹伯寿卒。 |
| | In the fourteenth year [of his reign], spring, Wei killed its grandee Kong Da. In summer, fifth month, on the Renshen day, Cao Boshou died.
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晋侯伐郑。 |
| | The ruler of Jin attacked Zheng.
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秋，九月，楚子围宋。 |
| | In autumn, ninth month, the ruler of Chu besieged Song.
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葬曹文公。 |
| | Cao Wengong was buried.
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冬，公孙归父会齐侯于谷。 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu met with the ruler of Qi at Gu.
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| | 宣公十四... : |
十四年，春，孔达缢而死。卫人以说于晋而免。遂告于诸侯曰：「寡君有不令之臣达，构我敝邑于大国，既伏其罪矣，敢告。」卫人以为成劳，复室其子，使复其位。 |
| | In the fourteenth year, spring, Kong Da hanged himself and died. The people of Wei avoided punishment by offering explanations to Jin. They then informed the feudal lords, saying: "Our lord has an untrustworthy minister named Da, who incited our small state against a great power. He has already been punished for his crime; we dare to report this." The people of Wei regarded this as an achievement and labor, so they provided a house for his son and allowed him to resume his position.
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夏，晋侯伐郑，为邲故也。告于诸侯，蒐焉而还，中行桓子之谋也。曰：「示之以整，使谋而来。」郑人惧，使子张代子良于楚。郑伯如楚，谋晋故也。郑以子良为有礼，故召之。 |
| | In summer, the ruler of Jin attacked Zheng because of the matter at Bi. He informed the feudal lords and conducted a military review before returning; this was the plan of Zhonghang Huanzi. It said: "Show them our orderliness, so that they will come with plans." The people of Zheng were afraid and sent Zi Zhang to replace Ziliang at the court of Chu. Duke Zhuang of Zheng went to Chu, because of matters concerning Jin. Zheng regarded Ziliang as courteous, so they summoned him.
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楚子使申舟聘于齐，曰：「无假道于宋」。亦使公子冯聘于晋，不假道于郑。申舟以孟诸之役恶宋，曰，郑昭，宋聋，晋使不害，我则必死。」王曰：「杀女，我伐之。」见犀而行。及宋，宋人止之。华元曰：「过我而不假道，鄙我也。鄙我，亡也。杀其使者，必伐我。伐我，亦亡也。亡一也，乃杀之，楚子闻之，投袂而起，屦及于窒皇，剑及于寝门之外，车及于蒲胥之市，秋，九月，楚子围宋。 |
| | The ruler of Chu sent Shen Zhou on a diplomatic mission to Qi and said: "Do not request passage through Song." He also sent Gongzi Feng on a diplomatic mission to Jin, without requesting passage through Zheng. Shen Zhou said: "Because of the Mengzhu campaign, I have a grudge against Song. Zheng is clear-minded, but Song is deaf to reason; Jin's envoy will not be harmed, but I am certainly going to die." The king said: "If they kill you, I shall attack them." He proceeded after seeing Xi. When he arrived at Song, the people of Song stopped him. Hua Yuan said: "Passing through our territory without requesting permission is treating us as a remote and insignificant state." To treat us this way is to invite annihilation. If we kill their envoy, they will certainly attack us. To be attacked by them is also annihilation. Whether we perish now or later, it is the same. So they killed him. When the ruler of Chu heard about this, he threw aside his sleeve and rose up in anger; his shoes were caught at Zhihuang, his sword outside the sleeping chamber gate, and his chariot reached the marketplace of Puxu. In autumn, ninth month, the ruler của Chu besieged Song.
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冬，公孙归父会齐侯于谷。见晏桓子，与之言鲁，乐。桓子告高宣子。曰：「子家其亡乎！怀于鲁矣，怀必贪，贪必谋人。谋人，人亦谋己。一国谋之，何以不亡？」 |
| | In winter, Gongsun Guifu convened with the ruler of Qi in Gu. He met Yan Huanzi and spoke about Lu with him, which brought him joy. Huanzi informed Gao Xuanzi. He said: "The family of Zi must be in danger!" "They have become attached to Lu. Attachment leads to greed, and greed inevitably leads to plotting against others." "To plot against others means that others will also plot against you." "If an entire state is plotting against them, how can they avoid destruction?"
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孟献子言于公曰，臣闻小国之免于大国也，聘而献物，于是有庭实旅百。朝而献功，于是有容貌，采章，嘉淑，而有加货，谋其不免也。诛而荐贿，则无及也。今楚在宋，君其图之！」公说。 |
| | Meng Xiansi said to the ruler: "I have heard that small states can avoid falling victim to great powers by sending envoys and offering tribute, thereby accumulating a hundred items of courtly gifts." "By attending court and presenting achievements, they gain appearances, colorful decorations, commendations, and added gifts; this is how one avoids being targeted for schemes." "If one is punished and bribes are offered too late, it will be of no avail." "Now that Chu has taken Csong, Your Majesty should devise a plan!" The ruler was pleased.
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| | 宣公十五... : |
十有五年，春，公孙归父会楚子于宋。 |
| | In the fifteenth year [of his reign], spring, Gongsun Guifu met with King Chǔ of Chu in Song.
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夏，五月，宋人及楚人平。 |
| | In summer, fifth month, the people of Song and the people of Chu made peace.
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六月，癸卯，晋师灭赤狄潞氏，以潞子婴儿归。 |
| | On the Gaimao day of the sixth month, the Jin forces annihilated the Chi Di Lu Shi clan and brought back Luxizi Yingying.
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秦人伐晋。 |
| | The Qin people attacked Jin.
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王札子杀召伯、毛伯。 |
| | Wang Zhai Zi killed Zhao Bo and Mao Bo.
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秋螽。 |
| | In autumn, locusts swarmed.
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仲孙蔑会齐高固于无娄。 |
| | Zhong Sunmie met with Gao Gu of Qi at Wulou.
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初税亩。 |
| | The initial land tax was levied.
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冬，蝝生。 |
| | In winter, locust eggs were born.
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饥。 |
| | There was a famine.
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| | 宣公十五... : |
十五年，春，公孙归父会楚子于宋。 |
| | In the fifteenth year, spring, Gongsun Guifu convened with King Chu of Chu in Song.
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宋人使乐婴齐告急于晋，晋侯欲救之。伯宗曰：「不可古人有言曰：『虽鞭之长，不及马腹。』天方授楚，未可与争。虽晋之强，能违天乎？谚曰，高下在心，川泽纳污，山薮藏疾，瑾瑜匿瑕，国君含垢，天之道也。君其待之。」乃止，使解扬如宋，使无降楚，曰：「晋师悉起，将至矣。」郑人囚而献诸楚，楚子厚赂之，使反其言。不许，三而许之。登诸楼车，使呼宋而告之。遂致其君命。楚子将杀之，使与之言曰：「尔既许不谷，而反之，何故非我无信，女则弃之，速即尔刑！」对曰：「臣闻之，君能制命为义，臣能承命为信，信载义而行之为利。谋不失利，以卫社稷，民之主也。义无二信，信无二命。君之赂臣，不知命也。受命以出，有死无霣，又可赂乎臣之许君，以成命也。死而成命，臣之禄也。寡君有信臣，下臣获考，死，又何求？」楚子舍之以归。 |
| | The people of Song sent Yue Yingqí to urgently appeal for help to Jin, and the Duke of Jin wanted to rescue them. Bo Zong said: "No, an old saying goes: 'Although a whip is long, it cannot reach the horse's belly.'" Heaven is just bestowing power upon Chu; we are not yet able to contend with them. Although Jin is strong, can it defy Heaven? A proverb says: "High or low depends on the heart; rivers and marshes hold filth, mountains and thickets hide sickness, jin yu conceal flaws, a ruler of a state endures disgrace—it is the way of Heaven." "Your Highness should await the right time." So they stopped, and sent Jie Yang to Song, instructing them not to surrender to Chu, saying: "The entire Jin army has mobilized and is coming soon." The people of Zheng captured him and presented him to King Chu, who offered a generous bribe for Jie Yang to reverse his words. He did not agree at first, but on the third attempt he agreed. They placed him on a tower cart and made him call out to Song to inform them. He thus delivered his lord's command. King Chu was about to kill him and said to Jie Yang: "You have already agreed with me, yet you turned back. Why? It is not that I am untrustworthy; it is you who abandoned the agreement. Quickly accept your punishment!" Jie Yang replied: "I have heard that when a ruler can issue commands according to righteousness, it is called virtue; when a minister can carry out the ruler's orders, it is called trustworthiness. Trustworthiness carrying out virtue and acting upon it brings benefit." "Planning without losing benefit to protect the state—this is what a leader of the people should do." "Righteousness does not allow for two loyalties, and loyalty does not permit two commands." "Your Highness bribing me shows ignorance of the true meaning of command." "I accepted my orders and went out, ready to die rather than fall. Can such a person be bribed? My acceptance of your command was only to fulfill the will of my lord." "To die while fulfilling one's orders is a minister's reward." "My lord has loyal ministers, and as a lowly subject I have fulfilled my duty. To die, what more could I seek?" King Chu released him to return home.
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夏，五月，楚师将去宋。申犀稽首于王之马前，曰，毋畏知死，而不敢废王命，王弃言焉，王不能荅，申叔时仆曰：「筑室，反耕者，宋必听命。」从之，宋人惧，使华元夜入楚师，登子反之床，起之曰，寡君使元以病告，曰：『敝邑易子而食，析骸以爨。虽然，城下之盟，有以国毙，不能从也。」去我三十里，唯命是听。』」子反惧，与之盟，而告王。退三十里，宋及楚平。华元为质。盟曰：「我无尔诈，尔无我虞。」 |
| | In summer, fifth month, the Chu forces were about to leave Song. Shen Xi kowtowed before the king's horse and said, "Wu Wei knows death is coming but dares not disobey Your Majesty's command. Now Your Majesty has abandoned your word." The king could not reply. Shen Shushi, the charioteer, said: "Build houses, return plowmen to their fields—Song will surely obey our orders." They followed his advice. The people of Song were frightened and sent Hua Yuan to secretly enter the Chu camp at night, where he climbed onto Zi Fan's bed and woke him up, saying: "My lord has sent me to inform you of our plight, saying: 'In our poor state we have resorted to exchanging children for food, and burning bones for fuel.'" "Although this is the case, a treaty made under the walls of a city would mean the death of our state; we cannot agree to it." "If you withdraw your forces thirty li from our city, we will obey whatever commands you give." Zi Fan was frightened and made a treaty with him, then reported to the king. They withdrew thirty li, and Song reached peace with Chu. Hua Yuan was sent as a hostage. The oath said: "I will not deceive you, and you will not be suspicious of me."
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潞子婴儿之夫人，晋景公之姊也。酆舒为政而杀之，又伤潞子之目。晋侯将伐之。诸大夫皆曰：「不可。酆舒有三隽才，不如待后之人。」伯宗曰：「必伐之！狄有五罪，隽才虽多，何补焉，不祀，一也。耆酒，二也。弃仲章而夺黎氏地，三也。虐我伯姬，四也。伤其君目，五也。怙其隽才，而不以茂德，兹益罪也，后之人，或者将敬奉德义，以事神人，而申固其命，若之何待之不讨有罪，曰『将待后，后有辞而讨焉』，毋乃不可乎夫恃才与众，亡之道也。商纣由之故灭。天反时为灾，地反物为妖，民反德为乱。乱则妖灾生。「故文反正为乏」。尽在狄矣。」晋侯从之。六月，癸卯，晋荀林父败赤狄于曲梁，辛亥，灭潞。酆舒奔卫，卫人归诸晋，晋人杀之。 |
| | Luxizi Yingying's wife was the elder sister of Duke Jing of Jin. Feng Shu held power and killed her, also injuring Luxizi's eyes. Duke Hou of Jin was about to attack them. The ministers all said: "No, it is not advisable." "Feng Shu has three outstanding talents; we should wait for the next generation instead." Bo Zong said: "We must attack them!" "The Di have five crimes. Though they may have many talents, what good is that? First, they do not perform ancestral rites." olding "Second, they indulge in wine." "Second, they abandoned Zhong Zhang and seized the land of Li Shi, thirdly." "They mistreated our Lady Boji, fourthly." "And they injured their ruler's eyes, fifthly." "Relying on their talents and not cultivating virtue only increases their guilt. Future generations might perhaps revere virtue and righteousness, serve gods and people with sincerity, and thus consolidate their mandate. How can we wait for that? To refrain from punishing the guilty now by saying 'we will wait for future generations,' then later find an excuse to punish them—would this not be wrong? Relying on talent and numbers is a path to ruin." It was because of this that Shang Zhou was destroyed. When Heaven reverses its seasons, it becomes a disaster; when Earth produces abnormal things, they become omens of misfortune; when the people abandon virtue, chaos ensues. lando Chaos gives rise to ominous disasters. "Therefore, 'wen' (writing) reversing its principles becomes 'fa' (failure)." "All of these are present in the Di." Duke Hou of Jin followed his advice. On the Gaimao day in the sixth month, Xun Linfu of Jin defeated the Chi Di at Qu Liang. On the Xinhai day, he annihilated Lu. Feng Shu fled to Wei; the people of Wei returned him to Jin, where the Jin people killed him.
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王孙苏与召氏，毛氏，争政，使王子捷杀召戴公，及毛伯卫，卒立召襄。 |
| | Wang Sun Su and the Shao and Mao families vied for power, sending Prince Wangjie to kill Zhao Dai Gong and Mao Bo Wei. In the end, Shao Xiang was installed as ruler.
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秋，七月，秦桓公伐晋，次于辅氏，壬午，晋侯治兵于稷，以略狄土。立黎侯而还。及雒，魏颗败秦师于辅氏。获杜回，秦之力人也。初，魏武子有嬖妾，无子。武子疾，命颗曰：「必嫁是！」疾病，则曰：「必以为殉！」及卒，颗嫁之，曰：「疾病则乱，吾从其治也。」及辅氏之役，颗见老人，结草以亢杜回，杜回踬而颠，故获之。夜梦之曰，余，而所嫁妇人之父也，尔用先人之治命，余是以报。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, Duke Huan of Qin attacked Jin and stationed at Fushi. On the Renwu day, Duke Hou of Jin reviewed his troops in Ji to raid Di territory. They installed Li Hou and returned. When they reached Luo, Wei Ke defeated the Qin forces at Fushi. Du Hui was captured; he was a powerful man of Qin. Originally, Wei Wuzi had a favored concubine who bore him no son. When Wuzi fell ill, he commanded Ke: "You must marry her!" When his illness worsened, he said: "She must be sacrificed as a companion in death!" After his death, Ke married her and said: "Illness causes confusion; I followed the proper order." During the Fushi campaign, Ke saw an old man who tied grass to trip Du Hui; Du Hui stumbled and fell, so he was captured. At night, Ke dreamed of him saying: "I am the father of the woman you married. You followed your ancestor's proper command; this is why I have repaid you."
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晋侯赏桓子狄臣千室，亦赏士伯以瓜衍之县。曰：「吾获狄土，子之功也。微子，吾丧伯氏矣。」羊舌职说是赏也，曰：「《》所谓『庸庸祗祗』者，谓此物也夫！士伯庸中行伯，君信之，亦庸士伯，此之谓明德矣。文王所以造周，不是过也。故《》曰：『陈锡哉周』，能施也。率是道也，其何不济！」 |
| | Duke Hou of Jin awarded Huanzi a thousand households of Di subjects, and also rewarded Shibai with the county of Guayan. Saying: "I have acquired land from the Di; it is your achievement." "Without you, I would have lost my noble family name, Bo Shi." Yangshe Zhi commented on this reward, saying: "This is what the 'Zhou Shu' means by 'rewarding those who deserve it and honoring virtue'—this very thing!" "Shibai served Zhonghang Bo, the ruler trusted him, and also honored Shibai—this is what is called virtuous governance!" This was how King Wen of Zhou built his dynasty; there could be no greater virtue than this. Hence, the "Shi Jing" says: "Chen Xi zai Zhou," meaning the ability to bestow rewards. Following this principle, how could anything not succeed!
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晋侯使赵同献狄俘于周，不敬。刘康公曰，不及十年，原叔必有大咎，天夺之魄矣。」 |
| | Duke Hou of Jin sent Zhao Tong to present the captured Di prisoners to Zhou, but he did so with disrespect. Liu Kanggong said: "Within ten years, Yuanshu must certainly suffer a great misfortune; Heaven has already taken his spirit away."
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「初税亩」，非礼也。谷出不过藉，以丰财也。 |
| | "The initial land tax"—this was not in accordance with the rites. The harvest should not exceed what is needed for cultivation, to enrich wealth.
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「冬，蝝生，饥」。幸之也。 |
| | "In winter, locust eggs hatched; there was a famine." This was an ill omen.
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| | 宣公十七... : |
十有七年，春，王正月。庚子，许男锡我卒。丁未，蔡侯申卒。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, spring, the first month of the king. On the Gengzi day, Xu Nanxiwo died. On the Dingwei day, Cai Hou Shen died.
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夏，葬许昭公。葬蔡文公。 |
| | In summer, Xu Zhao Gong was buried. Cai Wen Gong was buried.
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六月，癸卯，日有食之。 |
| | In the sixth month, on the Kaimao day, there was a solar eclipse.
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己未，公会晋侯、卫侯、曹伯、邾子，同盟于断道。 |
| | On the Jiwei day, the Gong met with Jin Hou, Wei Hou, Cao Bo, and Zhu Zi, and formed an alliance together at Duandao.
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秋，公至自会。 |
| | In autumn, the Gong returned from the assembly.
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冬，十有一月，壬午，公弟叔肸卒。 |
| | In winter, on the yiyue month, on the Renwu day, the Gong's younger brother Shuxi died.
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| | 宣公十七... : |
十七年，春，晋侯使郤克徵会于齐，齐顷公帷妇人，使观之。郤子登，妇人笑于房。献子怒，出而誓曰：“所不此报，无能涉河。”献子先归，使栾京庐待命于齐，曰：「不得齐事，无复命矣。」郤子至，请伐齐，晋侯弗许。请以其私属，又弗许。齐侯使高固、晏弱、蔡朝、南郭偃会。及敛盂，高固逃归。夏，会于断道，讨贰也。盟于卷楚，辞齐人，晋人执晏弱于野王，执蔡朝于原，执南郭偃于温。苗贲皇使，见晏桓子。归，言于晋侯曰：「夫晏子何罪？昔者诸侯事吾先君，皆如不逮，举言群臣不信，诸侯皆有贰志。齐君恐不得礼，故不出，而使四子来。左右或沮之，曰：『君不出，必执吾使。』故高子及敛盂而逃。夫三子者曰：『若绝君好，宁归死焉！』为是犯难而来。吾若善逆彼，以怀来者。吾又执之，以信齐沮，吾不既过矣乎过而不改，而又久之，以成其悔，何利之有焉？使反者得辞，而害来者，以惧诸侯，将焉用之？」晋人缓之，逸。 |
| | In the seventeenth year, in spring, Jin Hou sent Xi Ke to request an assembly from Qi. King Qing of Qi had a woman with him and ordered her to observe [the envoy]. Xi Zi climbed up, and the woman laughed in the room. Xian Zi was angry, went out and swore, saying: "If I do not avenge this, may I never cross the Yellow River." Xian Zi returned first and sent Luan Jinglu to await orders in Qi, saying: "If you do not obtain the matter of Qi, do not return with a report." Xi Zi arrived and requested an attack on Qi. Jin Hou did not permit it. He requested to use his private retinue, but was again refused permission. Qi Hou sent Gao Gu, Yan Ruo, Cai Chao, and Nanguo Yan to the assembly. When they reached Lianyu, Gao Gu fled back. In summer, an assembly was held at Duandao to punish disloyalty. An alliance was made at Juanchu, excluding the Qi people. The Jin people arrested Yan Ruo in Yewang, arrested Cai Chao in Yuan, and arrested Nanguo Yan in Wen. Miao Benhuang was sent as an envoy to see Yan Huanzi. After returning, he said to Jin Hou: "What crime has Master Yan committed?" In the past, when feudal lords served our late lord, they all acted as if they could not reach his standards. The mention of officials' lack of trust caused all the feudal lords to have divided loyalties. King Qi was afraid he would not receive proper courtesy, so he did not go out and instead sent four of his ministers to come. Some of the people around him tried to dissuade him, saying: "If you do not go out, they will surely arrest our envoys." Therefore, Gao Zi fled upon reaching Lianyu. Those three men said: "If we sever the lord's goodwill, it would be better to return and die!" For this reason, they braved difficulties to come. If we treat them kindly in receiving them, it will encourage those who come later. If we arrest them again, it will confirm the doubts of Qi and their discouragement. Have we not already made a mistake? If an error is not corrected and instead prolonged to foster regret, what benefit would that bring? "Doing so will give those who return an excuse, harm those coming in the future, and intimidate the feudal lords. What use is there for such actions?" The Jin people relaxed their hold, allowing them to escape.
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秋，八月，晋师还。 |
| | In autumn, August, the Jin army returned.
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范武子将老，召文子曰：「燮乎！吾闻之，喜怒以类者鲜，易者实多。《诗》曰：「君子如怒，乱庶遄沮。」君子如祉，乱庶遄已，君子之喜怒，以已乱也，弗已者，必益之，郤子其或者欲已乱于齐乎，不然，余惧其益之也，余将老，使郤子逞其志，庶有豸乎，尔从二三子，唯敬！」乃请老，郤献子为政。 |
| | Fan Wuzi was about to retire and summoned Wenzi, saying: "Xie! I have heard that those who express joy or anger in accordance with their nature are rare; those whose expressions change easily are actually numerous. The "Poetry" says: "If a gentleman is angry, disorder will quickly be suppressed." "If a gentleman is pleased, disorder will quickly cease. The joy and anger of a gentleman are used to stop chaos; if it does not stop, it must increase. Perhaps Xi Zi wants to end the chaos in Qi? Otherwise, I fear he might exacerbate it. I am about to grow old. Letting Xi Zi fulfill his ambition may bring some improvement. You should follow two or three of them and be respectful!" He then requested retirement, and Xi Xianzi took charge of affairs.
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「冬，公弟叔肸卒」，公母弟也。凡大子之母弟，公在曰公子，不在曰弟。凡称弟，皆母弟也。 |
| | "The younger brother of the Gong, Shuxi, died"—this was a maternal younger brother to the Gong. Generally, for the mother's younger brothers of the crown prince, when the Gong is present they are called "Gongzi," and when he is not present, they are referred to as "younger brothers." Whenever a younger brother is mentioned by name, it refers to a maternal younger brother.
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