| | 隱公元年: |
惠公元妃孟子，孟子卒，繼室以聲子，生隱公。宋武公生仲子，仲子生而有文在其手，曰為魯夫人，故仲子歸于我，生桓公而惠公薨，是以隱公立而奉之。 |
| | Hui Gong's principal wife was Mengzi. After Mengzi died, his successor wife was Shengzi, who bore Yin Gong. Song Wu Gong gave birth to Zhongzi. When Zhongzi was born, there were markings on her hand that said "for the Lady of Lu," so Zhongzi married into our state. She bore Huan Gong when Hui Gong died, thus Yin Gong was enthroned and served as regent for him.
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| | 隱公元年: |
元年，春，王正月。 |
| | The first year, spring, the first month of the reign of the king.
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三月，公及邾儀父盟于蔑。 |
| | In March, Gong and Zhu Yifu concluded an alliance at Mie.
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夏，五月，鄭伯克段于鄢。 |
| | Summer, fifth month, Duke Zheng of Zheng defeated Duan at Yan.
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秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公、仲子之賵。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month, the Son of Heaven sent Zai Xuan to deliver funeral gifts for Hui Gong and Zhongzi.
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九月，及宋人盟于宿。 |
| | September, an alliance was concluded with the people of Song at Su.
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冬，十有二月，祭伯來。 |
| | Winter, twelfth month, Jia Bo came.
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公子益師卒。 |
| | Gongzi Yishi died.
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| | 隱公元年: |
元年，春，王周正月。不書即位，攝也。 |
| | The first year, spring, first month of the reign according to the Zhou calendar. His accession was not recorded; he served as a regent.
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三月，公及邾儀父盟于蔑，邾子克也。未王命，故不書爵。曰「儀父」，貴之也。公攝位而欲求好於邾，故為蔑之盟。 |
| | In March, Gong and Duke Zhu Yifu concluded an alliance in Mie; this refers to Duke Zhu Ke. Since the Son of Heaven had not yet issued a mandate, his title is therefore not recorded. It says "Yifu," indicating respect for him. The Duke, serving as regent, wished to cultivate good relations with Zhu, hence the alliance at Mie was arranged.
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夏，四月，費伯帥師城郎。不書，非公命也。 |
| | Summer, fourth month, Fei Bo led troops to build a city at Lang. It is not recorded because it was not ordered by the Duke.
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初，鄭武公娶于申，曰武姜。生莊公及共叔段。莊公寤生，驚姜氏，故名曰「寤生」，遂惡之。愛共叔段，欲立之。亟請於武公，公弗許。
及莊公即位，為之請制。公曰：「制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉，佗邑唯命。」請京，使居之，謂之「京城大叔」。
祭仲曰：「都城過百雉，國之害也，先王之制：大都不過參國之一；中，五之一；小，九之一。今京不度，非制也。君將不堪。」公曰：「姜氏欲之，焉辟害？」對曰：「姜氏何厭之有！不如早為之所，無使滋蔓蔓，難圖也。蔓草猶不可除，況君之寵弟乎？」公曰：「多行不義，必自斃，子姑待之。」
既而大叔命西鄙、北鄙貳於己。公子呂曰：「國不堪貳，君將若之何欲與大叔，臣請事之；若弗與，則請除之。無生民心。」公曰：「無庸，將自及。」大叔又收貳以為己邑，至于廩延。子封曰：「可矣，厚將得眾。」公曰：「不義不暱，厚將崩。」
大叔完聚，繕甲兵，具卒乘，將襲鄭。夫人將啟之。公聞其期，曰：「可矣。」命子封帥車二百乘以伐京。京叛大叔段，段入于鄢，公伐諸鄢。五月，辛丑，大叔出奔共。書曰：「鄭伯克段于鄢。」段不弟，故不言弟。如二君，故曰克。稱鄭伯，譏失教也。謂之鄭志，不言出奔，難之也。
遂寘姜氏于城潁，而誓之曰：「不及黃泉，無相見也！」既而悔之。
潁考叔為潁谷封人，聞之，有獻於公。公賜之食。食舍肉，公問之，對曰：「小人有母，皆嘗小人之食矣，未嘗君之羹。請以遺之。」公曰：「爾有母遺，繄我獨無！」潁考叔曰：「敢問何謂也？」公語之故，且告之悔。對曰：「君何患焉若闕地及泉，隧而相見，其誰曰不然？」公從之。公入而賦：「大隧之中，其樂也融融。」姜出而賦：「大隧之外，其樂也洩洩。」遂為母子如初。
君子曰：「潁考叔純孝也，愛其母，施及莊公。曰：『』其是之謂乎！」 |
| | Originally, Zheng Wu Gong married a woman from Shen, called Wu Jiang. She bore Duke Zhuang of Zheng and Gongshu Duan. Duke Zhuang was born in a difficult delivery, which startled Lady Jiang; thus he was named "Wusheng," and she consequently came to dislike him. She loved Gongshu Duan and wanted to make him heir. She repeatedly petitioned Zheng Wu Gong, but he did not agree.
When Duke Zhuang came to the throne, she requested for him the territory of Zhi. The duke said: "Zhi is a rocky and difficult place; Gou Shu died there. Any other territory, I will grant as you wish." She requested Jing, and he was made to reside there; thus he became known as "Dashi of Jingcheng."
Jia Zhong said: "If the walls of a capital city exceed one hundred zhi, it will be harmful to the state. The regulations of previous kings stipulated that the largest fief should not surpass one-third of the state's size; medium-sized ones, no more than one-fifth; small ones, no more than one-ninth." Now Jing exceeds the standard; this is not in accordance with regulations. The ruler will soon be unable to bear it." The duke said: "Lady Jiang wants this; how can I avoid the trouble?" Jia Zhong replied: "What is there that Lady Jiang will ever be satisfied with! It would be better to deal with it early, before it spreads and becomes difficult to manage." "Even creeping weeds are hard to eradicate; how much more so a beloved younger brother of the ruler?" The duke said: "When one commits many unjust acts, he will surely bring about his own downfall. You may wait and see."
Later, the younger brother ordered the western and northern border towns to be loyal to him as well. Gongzi Lü said: "A state cannot bear divided loyalty; what will the ruler do? If you wish to side with the younger brother, I request permission to serve him; if you do not side with him, then please allow me to eliminate him." "Do not let this sow unrest among the people." The duke said: "There is no need; it will come to him on its own." The younger brother again incorporated the divided territories as his own fiefs, extending all the way to Lindian. Zi Feng said: "It is time now; with such strength, he will gain more followers." The duke said: "Without righteousness and without closeness to the people, his growing power will only lead to collapse."
The younger brother completed his preparations, gathered supplies, repaired armor and weapons, equipped troops and chariots, and planned to attack Zheng. Lady Jiang would open the gates for him. The duke learned of the planned date and said: "Now is the time." He ordered Zi Feng to lead 200 chariots to attack Jing. Jing rebelled against Gongshu Duan, who fled into Yan; the duke attacked him at Yan. On the Xichou day of the fifth month (June 21, 722 BC), the younger brother fled to Gong. The Records state: "Duke Zheng of Zheng defeated Duan in Yan." Duan did not behave as a younger brother should, hence he is not referred to as such. They are treated like two sovereigns, thus the term "defeated" (ke) is used. He is called Duke Zheng to criticize his failure in moral instruction. It is referred to as the will of Zheng; it does not say he fled, indicating difficulty in recording this event.
He then exiled Lady Jiang to Chengying and swore an oath, saying: "Until we meet in the Yellow Spring of the afterlife, we shall never see each other again!" Soon afterward he regretted it.
Ying Kaoshou was the official in charge of the border at Yinggu; upon hearing this, he made a tribute offering to the duke. The duke gave him food as a gift. While eating, he set aside the meat. The duke asked why, and he replied: "My mother is still alive, and she has tasted all my food, but never Your Majesty's stew. I would like to give this to her." The duke said: "You have a mother who leaves things for you, but I alone do not!" Ying Kaoshou asked respectfully: "May I ask what this means?" The duke told him the reason and also confessed his regret. Ying Kaoshou replied: "What is there for Your Majesty to worry about? If you dig down until you reach the spring, and meet her in a tunnel, who would say this is not acceptable?" The duke followed his suggestion. The duke entered and recited: "In the great tunnel, how harmonious is our joy." Lady Jiang emerged and recited: "Beyond the great tunnel, my joy flows freely." Thus they were once again mother and son as before.
The gentlemen said: "Ying Kaoshou is a model of filial piety; his love for his mother extended to Duke Zhuang. The Book of Songs says: 'Filial sons never lack virtue, and blessings will be bestowed upon your descendants forever.' This is what that saying refers to!"
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秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公、仲子之賵。緩，且子氏未薨，故名。天子七月而葬，同軌畢至，諸侯五月，同盟至，大夫三月，同位至，士踰月，外姻至。贈死不及尸，弔生不及哀。豫凶事，非禮也。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month; the Son of Heaven sent Zhai Xuan to deliver funeral offerings for Hui Gong and Zhong Zi. The delivery was delayed, and since Lady Shi had not yet died, he is named here by his personal name. The Son of Heaven was buried within seven months, and all those under the same chariot system would arrive. For a marquis or duke, burial occurred within five months, with allies from the same alliance arriving. A high-ranking official (da fu) was buried within three months, with officials of the same rank attending. A commoner was buried after more than one month, and only distant relatives attended. Offering gifts for a deceased person who has already been laid to rest is too late; consoling the living when grief has passed is also inappropriate. Preparing in advance for funerals and mourning matters is not in accordance with ritual propriety.
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八月，紀人伐夷。夷不告，故不書。有蜚，不為災，亦不書。惠公之季年，敗宋師于黃。公立，而求成焉。九月，及宋人盟于宿，始通也。 |
| | August, the Ji people attacked Yi. Yi did not report the attack, so it is not recorded. There were locusts, but they did not cause a disaster, and thus are also not recorded. In the later years of Hui Gong's reign, he defeated the Song army at Huang. After Yin Gong ascended the throne, he sought peace with them. September, an alliance was made with the people of Song at Su; this marked the beginning of diplomatic relations.
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冬，十月，庚申，改葬惠公。公弗臨，故不書。惠公之薨也，有宋師，太子少，葬故有闕，是以改葬。 |
| | Winter, tenth month, on the Gengshen day (October 23, 719 BC), Hui Gong was reburied. The duke did not personally attend the funeral rites, so it is not recorded in the annals. When Hui Gong died, there was a Cao army campaign underway and the crown prince was young; therefore, his original burial had deficiencies, which is why he was reburied.
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衛侯來會葬，不見公，亦不書。 |
| | Duke Wei came to attend the funeral but did not meet the duke; this also went unrecorded.
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鄭共叔之亂，公孫滑出奔衛。衛人為之伐鄭，取廩延。鄭人以王師、虢師伐衛南鄙。請師於邾，邾子使私於公子豫。豫請往，公弗許，遂行。及邾人、鄭人盟于翼。不書，非公命也。 |
| | During the turmoil caused by Gongshu of Zheng, Gongsun Hua fled to Wei. The people of Wei attacked Zheng on his behalf and captured Lindian. The people of Zheng, with the Son of Heaven's army and the Guo forces, attacked the southern border towns of Wei. They requested military aid from Zhu; Duke Zhu Zhi sent a private message to Gongzi Yu. Yu requested permission to go, but the duke did not agree, so he went anyway. He concluded an alliance with the people of Zhu and Zheng at Yi. It is not recorded, as it was not ordered by the duke.
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新作南門。不書，亦非公命也。 |
| | A new southern gate was constructed. It is not recorded, for it was also not ordered by the duke.
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十二月，祭伯來，非王命也。 |
| | December, Jia Bo arrived; this was not an imperial decree.
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眾父卒，公不與小斂，故不書日。 |
| | Zhong Fu died, and the duke did not participate in the initial wrapping of the body, so the date is not recorded.
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| | 隱公二年: |
二年，春，公會戎于潛。 |
| | In the second year, spring, the Duke met with Rong at Qian.
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夏，五月，莒人入向。 |
| | In summer, fifth month, the Ju people entered Xiang.
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無駭帥師入極。 |
| | Wu Hui led his troops into Ji.
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秋，八月，庚辰，公及戎盟于唐。 |
| | In autumn, eighth month, on the Gengchen day, the Duke and Rong concluded an alliance at Tang.
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九月，紀裂繻來逆女。 |
| | In the ninth month, Ji Liechuxu came to escort the bride.
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冬，十月，伯姬歸于紀。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, Boji was married to Ji.
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紀子帛、莒子盟于密。 |
| | Ji Zi Bo and Ju Zi concluded an alliance at Mi.
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十有二月，乙卯，夫人子氏薨。 |
| | In the twelfth month, on the Yimao day, Lady Zi Shi passed away.
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鄭人伐衛。 |
| | The Zheng people attacked Wei.
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| | 隱公二年: |
二年，春，公會戎于潛。修惠公之好也，戎請盟，公辭。 |
| | In the second year, in spring, the Duke met with the Rong at Qian. This was to renew the friendship of Duke Hui. The Rong requested an alliance, but the Duke declined.
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莒子娶于向，向姜不安莒而歸。夏，莒人入向，以姜氏還。 |
| | Ju Zi had married a woman from Xiang; Xiang Jiang was not at ease in Ju and returned home. In summer, the people of Ju entered Xiang to bring back Lady Jiang.
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司空無駭入極，費庈父勝之。 |
| | Sikong Wu Hui entered Ji, and Fei Linfu defeated him.
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戎請盟，秋，盟于唐，復修戎好也。 |
| | The Rong requested an alliance; in autumn, an alliance was concluded at Tang, once again renewing the friendship with the Rong.
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九月，紀裂繻來逆女，卿為君逆也。 |
| | In September, Ji Liechuxu arrived to escort the bride; this was a minister acting on behalf of his lord to welcome her.
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冬，紀子帛、莒子盟于密，魯故也。 |
| | In winter, Ji Zi Bo and Ju Zi concluded an at Mi; this was due to the influence of Lu.
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鄭人伐衛，討公孫滑之亂也。 |
| | The Zheng people attacked Wei, punishing the rebellion led by Gongsun Hua.
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| | 隱公三年: |
三年，春，王二月，己巳，日有食之。 |
| | In the third year [of the reign period], spring, the second month of the king's calendar, on the Jisi day, there was a solar eclipse.
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三月，庚戌，天王崩。 |
| | In March, on the Gengxu day, Emperor Tian passed away.
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夏，四月，辛卯，君氏卒。 |
| | Summer, April, on the Xinmao day, Jun Shi died.
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秋，武氏子來求賻。 |
| | Autumn, the son of Wu Shi came to request funeral gifts.
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八月，庚辰，宋公和卒。 |
| | In August, on the Gengchen day, Gong He of Song died.
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冬，十有二月，齊侯、鄭伯盟于石門。 |
| | Winter, the twelfth month, Lord Qi and Duke Zheng formed an alliance at Shimen.
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癸未，葬宋穆公。 |
| | On the Guowei day, Gong Mu of Song was buried.
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| | 隱公三年: |
三年，春，王三月，壬戌，平王崩。赴以庚戌，故書之。 |
| | In the third year [of reign period], spring, in the third month of the king's calendar on the Renxu day, King Ping passed away. The funeral took place on the Gengxu [day], hence it is recorded.
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夏，君氏卒。聲子也，不赴於諸侯，不反哭于寢，不祔于姑，故不曰薨。不稱夫人，故不言葬。不書姓，為公故，曰君氏。 |
| | Summer, Jun Shi died. She was Sheng Zi; no funeral envoys were sent to the feudal lords, there was no mourning at the palace, and she was not buried with her grandmother, hence it is not stated as "passed away." She was not titled Lady, therefore nothing is said about her burial. Her surname is not recorded; because of the ruler's sake, she is referred to as Jun Shi.
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鄭武公、莊公為平王卿士。王貳于虢。鄭伯怨王，王曰：「無之。」故周、鄭交質。王子狐為質於鄭，鄭公子忽為質於周。王崩，周人將畀虢公政。四月，鄭祭足帥師取溫之麥。秋，又取成周之禾。周、鄭交惡。君子曰：「信不由中，質無益也。明恕而行，要之以禮，雖無有質，誰能間之？苟有明信，澗，谿，沼，沚，之毛，蘋，蘩，薀，藻，之菜，筐，筥，錡，釜，之，器，潢汙，行潦，之水，可薦於鬼神，可羞於王公。而況君子結二國之信，行之以禮，又焉用質？風有采繁，采蘋，雅有行葦，泂酌，昭忠信也。」 |
| | Duke Wu of Zheng and Duke Zhuang of Zheng served as ministers to King Ping. The king was divided in allegiance toward Guo. Duke Zheng resented the king, but the king said: "Not so." Therefore, Zhou and Zheng exchanged hostages. Prince Hu of the royal house was held as a hostage in Zheng, while Prince Hu of Duke Zheng's lineage was held as a hostage at Zhou. The king passed away, and the people of Zhou were going to entrust governance to Duke Guo. In April, Zhai Zu of Zheng led his troops to harvest millet from Wen. Autumn, they once again harvested grain from Chengzhou. Zhou and Zheng became mutually hostile. The gentlemen said: "If trust does not arise from within, hostages are of no benefit." Acting with clear benevolence and governing through propriety, even without hostages, who could meddle between them? If there is clear trust, then the down of streams and brooks, the mosses of marshes and pools, the herbs of water caltrops, water dropwort, lotus roots, and watercress, the baskets, bamboo trays, tripods, cauldrons, and such vessels, as well as the muddy waters or running rivulets—these can be offered to spirits and deities, and presented with reverence before kings and lords. And if a gentleman were to establish trust between two states by acting in accordance with propriety, then what need would there be for hostages? The Odes speak of gathering water dropwort and water caltrops in the Feng section, and of reeds and clear draughts in the Ya section—these all illustrate loyalty and trustworthiness."
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武氏子來求賻，王未葬也。 |
| | The son of Wu Shi came seeking funeral gifts; this was before the king had been buried.
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宋穆公疾，召大司馬孔父而屬殤公焉。曰，先君舍與夷「而立寡人」。寡人弗敢忘。若以大夫之靈，得保首領以沒，先君若問與夷，其將何辭以對，請子奉之，以主社稷，寡人雖死，亦無悔焉。」對曰：「群臣願奉馮也。」公曰：「不可。先君以寡人為賢，使主社稷，若棄德不讓，是廢先君之舉也。豈曰能賢光昭先君之令德，可不務乎吾子其無廢先君之功。」使公子馮出居於鄭。八月，庚辰，宋穆公卒，殤公即位。君子曰：「宋宣公可謂知人矣。立穆公，其子饗之，命以義夫。《商頌》曰：『殷受命咸宜，百祿是荷。』其是之謂乎！」 |
| | Duke Mu of Song fell ill and summoned Da Sima Kong Fu, entrusting Shang Gong to him. He said: "The previous ruler passed over Yu Yi 'and established me as ruler.'" "I could never forget that." "If by the spirit of a great officer, I may preserve my head and pass away, should the late ruler inquire about Yu Yi, what words could I use to respond? Please serve him as ruler over this state; even if I die, I shall have no regrets." He replied: "The ministers wish to serve Feng Ye." Gong said: "No, it is not possible. The late ruler considered me virtuous and appointed me to rule; if I were to abandon virtue and not yield, it would be abandoning the late ruler's appointment. "Shall I say that by being virtuous, I can honor and illuminate the late ruler's noble virtue? Is it not something to be diligently pursued? My son, do not abandon the achievements of our late ruler." He sent Gongzi Feng out to reside in Zheng. In August, on the Gengchun day, Duke Mu of Song passed away; Shang Gong ascended the throne. The gentlemen said: "Duke Xuan of Song could truly be called a man who knew people well. He established Duke Mu, and his son enjoyed the benefits; he commanded with righteousness, indeed a true gentleman." The "Shang Song" says: "Yin received its mandate and was universally appropriate; it bore all blessings." Is this not what is meant by that!
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冬，齊、鄭盟于石門，尋盧之盟也。庚戌，鄭伯之車僨于濟。 |
| | Winter, Qi and Zheng formed an alliance at Shimen; this was a renewal of the Lu alliance. On the Gengxu day [of that month], Duke Zheng's chariot overturned in Ji.
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衛莊公娶于齊東宮得臣之妹，曰莊姜。美而無子，衛人所為賦《碩人》也。又娶于陳，曰厲媯，生孝伯，早死。其娣戴媯，生桓公，莊姜以為己子，公子州吁，嬖人之子也。有寵而好兵。公弗禁，莊姜惡之。石碏諫曰，臣聞愛子，教之以義方，弗納于邪，驕、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之來，寵祿過也。將立州吁，乃定之矣。若猶未也，階之為禍。夫寵而不驕，驕而能降，降而不憾，憾而能眕者，鮮矣。且夫賤妨貴，少陵長，遠間親，新間舊，小加大，淫破義，所謂六逆也。君義，臣行，父慈，子孝，兄愛，弟敬，所謂六順也。去順效逆，所以速禍也。君人者，將禍是務去，而速之，無乃不可乎！」弗聽，其子厚與州吁游，禁之，不可。桓公立，乃老。 |
| | Duke Zhuang of Wei married the younger sister of Donggong Dechen from Qi, known as Zhuang Jiang. She was beautiful but childless; this is why the people of Wei composed "Shuo Ren" about her. He also married a woman from Chen, named Li Gui, who bore Xiaobo, who died at an early age. Her younger sister-in-law Dai Gui gave birth to Duke Huan, who was raised by Zhuang Jiang as her own son. Gongzi Zhouyu was the son of a concubine. He was favored and fond of military affairs. The duke did not forbid it, but Zhuang Jiang disliked him. Shi Que advised, saying: "I have heard that to love one's son means teaching him the principles of righteousness and not leading him into evil. Arrogance, extravagance, licentiousness, and indulgence are where evil originates." These four vices arise from excessive favor and privilege. If you are going to appoint Zhouyu, the matter is already settled. But if it remains unsettled, this will become a source of disaster. Those who are favored yet not arrogant, or who are arrogant but can be humbled, or who are humbled yet not resentful, or who feel resentment yet can restrain themselves—such people are rare indeed. Moreover, the lowly offending the noble, the young disrespecting the elder, the distant alienating the close, the new displacing the old, the minor overpowering the senior, and licentiousness destroying righteousness—these are what are called the Six Inversions. Rulers being just, ministers acting accordingly, fathers showing kindness, sons being filial, elder brothers loving, and younger brothers respectful—these are called the Six Harmonies. To abandon harmony in favor of inversion is why disaster comes swiftly. "Those who rule people should strive to remove disasters, yet you are hastening them—would this not be unacceptable!" He did not listen. His son Hou and Zhouyu traveled together; when he tried to forbid it, they would not comply. After Duke Huan was enthroned, Shi Que retired from office.
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| | 隱公四年: |
四年，春，王二月，莒人伐杞，取牟婁。 |
| | In the fourth year [of the reign period], spring, the king's second month, the Ju people attacked Qi and captured Moulu.
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戊申，衛州吁弒其君完。 |
| | On the Wushen day, Wei Zhouyu killed his ruler Wan.
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夏，公及宋公遇于清。 |
| | In summer, Gong and Song Gong met at Qing.
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宋公、陳侯、蔡人、衛人伐鄭。 |
| | Song Gong, Chen Hou, the Cai people, and the Wei people attacked Zheng.
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秋，翬帥師會宋公、陳侯、蔡人、衛人伐鄭。 |
| | In autumn, Hui led his troops to join Song Gong, Chen Hou, the Cai and Wei people in attacking Zheng.
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九月，衛人殺州吁于濮。 |
| | In the ninth month, the Wei people killed Zhouyu at Pu.
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冬，十有二月，衛人立晉。 |
| | In winter, on the twelfth day of the twelfth month, the Wei people installed Jin as ruler.
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| | 隱公四年: |
四年，春，衛州吁弒桓公而立。公與宋公為會，將尋宿之盟。未及期，衛人來告亂。 |
| | In the fourth year [of reign period], spring, Wei Zhouyu assassinated Duke Huan and took power. Gong and Song Gong held a meeting to renew the alliance of Su. Before the date was set, the Wei people came to report a rebellion.
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夏，公及宋公遇于清。 |
| | In summer, Gong and Song Gong encountered each other at Qing.
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宋殤公之即位也，公子馮出奔鄭，鄭人欲納之。及衛州吁立，將脩先君之怨於鄭，而求寵於諸侯，以和其民。使告於宋曰，君若伐鄭，以除君害，君為主，敝邑以賦與陳、蔡從，則衛國之願也。」宋人許之。於是陳、蔡方睦於衛。故宋公、陳侯、蔡人、衛人伐鄭，圍其東門，五日而還。公問於眾仲曰，衛州吁其成乎。對曰：「臣聞以德和民，不聞以亂。以亂，猶治絲而棼之也。夫州吁，阻兵而安忍。阻兵無眾，安忍無親，眾叛親離，難以濟矣。夫兵，猶火也，弗戢，將自焚也。夫州吁弒其君，而虐用其民，於是乎不務令德，而欲以亂成，必不免矣。」 |
| | When Song Shanggong ascended the throne, his younger noble Feng fled to Zheng, and the Zheng people wanted to install him. When Wei Zhouyu took power, he intended to avenge the former ruler's grudge against Zheng and sought favor from the feudal lords in order to pacify his people. He sent a message to Song saying, "If you attack Zheng to remove your enemy, you would be the leader. Our small state will contribute its taxes and join with Chen and Cai in following you; this is what our state wishes for." The Song people agreed to it. At that time, Chen and Cai were on good terms with Wei. Thus Song Gong, Chen Hou, and the people of Cai and Wei attacked Zheng, encircling its eastern gate for five days before withdrawing. Gong asked Zhongzhong, "Will Wei Zhouyu succeed?" Zhongzhong replied: "I have heard of pacifying the people through virtue, but not through disorder. Bringing about disorder is like untangling silk and making it more tangled. Zhouyu, relying on military force and being cruelly complacent, Relying on troops means having no followers; being cruel and indifferent means having no relatives. When the people rebel and relatives abandon him, it will be difficult for him to succeed. Military force is like fire; if not controlled, it will burn itself. Zhouyu killed his ruler and cruelly oppressed the people, yet at this time he did not strive to cultivate virtue but instead wished to achieve success through disorder; he will certainly not escape punishment."
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秋，諸侯復伐鄭。宋公使來乞師，公辭之，羽父請以師會之，公弗許，固請而行，故書曰「翬帥師」，疾之也。諸侯之師，敗鄭徒兵，取其禾而還。 |
| | In autumn, the feudal lords attacked Zheng again. Song Gong sent someone to request troops, but Gong refused. Yu Fu requested to lead the army to join them, and although Gong did not agree, he insisted and went anyway; thus it is recorded as "Hui led his troops," indicating disapproval of this action. The feudal lords' army defeated the Zheng infantry, harvested their crops, and then withdrew.
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州吁未能和其民，厚問定君於石子。石子曰：「王覲為可。」曰：「何以得覲？」曰：「陳桓公方有寵於王，陳、衛方睦，若朝陳使請，必可得也。」厚從州吁如陳。石碏使告于陳曰：「衛國褊小，老夫耄矣，無能為也。此二人者，實弒寡君，敢即圖之！」陳人執之，而請蒞于衛，九月，衛人使右宰醜，蒞殺州吁于濮，石碏使其宰獳羊肩，蒞殺石厚于陳，君子曰：「石碏，純臣也。惡州吁而厚與焉。『大義滅親』，其是之謂乎！」 |
| | Zhouyu had not yet managed to pacify his people, so Houwen asked Shizi about establishing a ruler. Shizi said: "A royal audience would be appropriate." He asked, "How can we obtain an audience?" Shizi said: "Duke Huan of Chen is currently favored by the king. Since Chen and Wei are on good terms, if you pay a court visit to Chen and make a request through them, it will surely be granted." Hou followed Zhouyu to Chen. Shi Que sent a message to Chen saying, "The state of Wei is narrow and small; an old man like me is too feeble to do anything. These two men are the actual murderers of my ruler; we dare to take action against them!" The Chen people arrested them and requested that Wei officials oversee the punishment. In the ninth month, the state of Wei sent Youzai Chou to supervise the execution of Zhouyu at Pu; Shi Que dispatched his steward Niu Yangjian to supervise the killing of Shihou in Chen. The gentlemen said: "Shi Que was a loyal minister. He hated Zhouyu and also punished his son. 'Putting righteousness above kinship'—this is what that saying refers to!"
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衛人逆公子晉于邢。冬，十二月，宣公即位。書曰，衛人立晉，眾也。 |
| | The Wei people welcomed Gongzi Jin from Xing. In winter, on the twelfth [day] of the twelfth month, Duke Xuan took the throne. It is recorded as "the Wei people installed Jin," indicating that this was a collective decision by the people.
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| | 隱公五年: |
五年，春，公矢魚于棠。 |
| | In the fifth year, spring, the Duke shot a fish at Tang.
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夏，四月，葬衛桓公。 |
| | In summer, fourth month, the Marquis Huan of Wei was buried.
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秋，衛師入郕。 |
| | In autumn, the army of Wei entered Cheng.
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九月，考仲子之宮，初獻六羽。 |
| | In September, they inspected the palace of Kao Zhongzi and for the first time presented six feathers in sacrifice.
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邾人、鄭人伐宋。 |
| | The people of Zhu and Zheng attacked Song.
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螟。 |
| | There was a locust plague.
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冬，十有二月，辛巳，公子彄卒。 |
| | In winter, the twelfth month, on the Xinwei day, Gongzi Kui died.
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宋人伐鄭，圍長葛。 |
| | The people of Song attacked Zheng and besieged Changge.
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| | 隱公五年: |
五年，春，公將如棠觀魚者，臧僖伯諫曰，凡物不足以講大事，其材不足以備器用，則君不舉焉。君，將納民於軌、物者也。故講事以度軌量謂之軌，取材以章物采謂之物，不軌不物謂之亂政。亂政亟行，所以敗也。故春蒐，夏苗，秋獮，冬狩，皆於農隙以講事也。三年而治兵，入而振旅，歸而飲至，以數軍實昭文章，明貴賤，辨等列，順少長，習威儀也。鳥獸之肉，不登於俎，皮革，齒牙，骨角，毛，羽，不登於器，則公不射，古之制也。若夫山林川澤之實，器用之資，皁隸之事，官司之守，非君所及也。」公曰：「吾將略地焉。」遂往，陳魚而觀之。僖伯稱疾，不從。書曰「公矢魚于棠」，非禮也，且言遠地也。 |
| | In the fifth year, spring, when the Duke was about to go to Tang to watch fish, Zang Xibo advised him, saying: "Whenever something is not sufficient for discussing important matters or its material is not adequate for making utensils and tools, then the ruler should not take it up." "The ruler is one who leads the people into proper ways and standards. " "Therefore, discussing affairs according to the measure of proper ways is called 'gui,' and obtaining materials to display their qualities and colors is called 'wu.' To be neither guided by gui nor wu is termed disorder in governance." "Disorder in governance, when frequently practiced, leads to failure. " "Therefore, spring hunts for training troops (sou), summer inspections of crops (miao), autumn hunts (mie), and winter grand hunts (shou) are all conducted during the intervals in farming to discuss affairs. " "Every three years, troops are reviewed; upon entering the capital, they hold a ceremony to honor their return; and then there is a banquet (yin zhi) to count military supplies, display achievements, clarify ranks of nobility and commoners, distinguish hierarchies, follow the order of age, and practice proper etiquette. " "If the meat of birds and beasts is not placed on sacrificial tables, if hides, teeth, claws, bones, horns, fur, and feathers are not used in ritual vessels, then the ruler does not shoot them; this was an ancient regulation. " "As for the produce of mountains, forests, rivers, and lakes, materials used in utensils, matters handled by servants, and duties overseen by officials, these are not within the ruler's direct concern." The Duke said: "I am going there to extend our territory. " He went anyway, and had fish displayed for viewing. Xibo claimed illness and did not accompany him. The Records state, "the Duke shot a fish in Tang," which was against ritual propriety, and it also implies the ruler went to a distant place.
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曲沃莊伯，以鄭人，邢人，伐翼，王使尹氏、武氏助之。翼侯奔隨。 |
| | Quwo Zhuangbo, together with the people of Zheng and Xing, attacked Yi; the king sent Yin Shi and Wu Shi to assist him. The Marquis of Yi fled to Sui.
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夏，葬衛桓公。衛亂，是以緩。 |
| | In summer, the Marquis Huan ofwei was buried. There was disorder in Wei, hence the delay.
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四月，鄭人侵衛牧，以報東門之役。衛人以燕師伐鄭。鄭祭足、原繁，洩駕以三軍軍其前，使曼伯與子元潛軍軍其後。燕人畏鄭三軍，而不虞制人。六月，鄭二公子以制人敗燕師于北制。君子曰：「不備不虞，不可以師。」 |
| | In April, the people of Zheng invaded the pasture lands of Wei as retaliation for the battle at Dongmen. lords The people of Wei, with the army of Yan, attacked Zheng. Zheng's Jizhu, Yuan Fan, and Xiejia deployed the three armies in front, while they sent Manbo and Ziyuan to secretly station their troops behind. The people of Yan feared Zheng's three armies but did not anticipate the forces at Zhire. In June, two princes of Zheng, with troops from Zhi, defeated the Yan army at Beizhi. The gentlemen said: "Without preparation and without anticipating unexpected dangers, one cannot lead an army."
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曲沃叛王。秋，王命虢公伐曲沃，而立哀侯于翼。 |
| | Quwo rebelled against the king. In autumn, the king ordered Gou Gong to attack Quwo and established Marquis Aihou at Yi.
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衛之亂也，郕人侵衛，故衛師入郕。 |
| | During the disorder in Wei, the people of Cheng invaded Wei; therefore, the army of Wei enteredcheng.
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九月，考仲子之宮，將萬焉。公問羽數於眾仲，對曰，天子用八，諸侯用六，大夫四，士二，夫舞所以節八音，而行八風，故自八以下。」公從之，於是初獻六羽，始用六佾也。 |
| | In September, they examined the palace of Kao Zhongzhi and planned to hold a grand sacrifice there. The Duke asked Zhongzhong about the number of feathers, who replied: "The Son of Heaven uses eight, feudal lords use six, high officials four, and commoners two. The dance is used to regulate the eight tones and guide the eight winds; therefore, it starts from eight downward." The Duke followed his advice, so for the first time six feathers were presented in sacrifice, marking the beginning of using six rows (li) of dancers.
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宋人取邾田。邾人告於鄭曰：「請君釋憾於宋，敝邑為道。」鄭人以王師會之。伐宋，入其郛，以報東門之役。宋人使來告命。公聞其入郛也，將救之。問於使者曰：「師何及？」對曰：「未及國。」公怒，乃止，辭使者曰：「君命寡人同恤社稷之難，今問諸使者，曰『師未及國』，非寡人之所敢知也。」 |
| | The people of Song seized farmland from Zhu. The people of Zhu informed Zheng, saying: "We request that your lord take revenge on Song; our small state will serve as the guide." The people of Zheng joined with the king's army to meet them. They attacked Song, entered its outer walls, and this was in retaliation for the battle at Dongmen." The people of Song sent envoys to deliver a message. The Duke heard about their entry into the outer walls and planned to rescue them. He asked the envoys, "How far has the army advanced?" The envoy replied: "It has not yet reached the capital." The Duke became angry and stopped, dismissing the envoy with these words: "Your lord commanded me to jointly assist in times of national hardship. Now when I asked your envoys about it, they said 'the army has not yet reached the capital,' which is beyond what I dare to know."
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冬，十二月，辛巳，臧僖伯卒。公曰，叔父有憾於寡人，寡人弗敢忘。葬之加一等。 |
| | In winter, twelfth month, on Xinwei day, Zang Xibo died. The Duke said: "My uncle had grievances against me; I dare not forget them." He was buried with a rank one level higher.
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宋人伐鄭，圍長葛，以報入郛之役也。 |
| | The people of Song attacked Zheng, besieging Changge, as retaliation for the incident when they entered its outer walls.
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| | 隱公六年: |
六年，春，鄭人來渝平。 |
| | In the sixth year, spring, people from Zheng came to Yiping.
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夏，五月，辛酉，公會齊侯盟于艾。 |
| | In summer, fifth month, on the Xinyou day, the Duke met with Duke Qi and concluded an alliance at Ai.
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秋，七月。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month.
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冬，宋人取長葛。 |
| | In winter, the Song people captured Changge.
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| | 隱公六年: |
六年春，鄭人來渝平，更成也。 |
| | In spring of the sixth year, people from Zheng came to Yu Ping; this was a renewal of peace.
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翼九宗，五正，頃父之子嘉父，逆晉侯于隨，納諸鄂，晉人謂之鄂侯。 |
| | Yi Jiuzong, Wu Zheng, Jiafu, the son of Qingfu, met Duke Jin at Sui and brought him to E; the people of Jin called him Marquis of E.
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夏，盟于艾，始平于齊也。 |
| | In summer, an alliance was concluded at Ai; this marked the beginning of peace with Qi.
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五月，庚申，鄭伯侵陳，大獲。往歲，鄭伯請成于陳，陳侯不許。五父諫曰：「親仁善鄰，國之寶也。君其許鄭。」陳侯曰，宋衛實難，鄭何能為？」遂不許。君子曰：「『善不可失，惡不可長。』其陳桓公之謂乎長惡不悛，從自及也。雖欲救之，其將能乎？商書曰，惡之易也，如火之燎于原，不可鄉邇，其猶可撲滅？』周任有言曰：『為國家者，見惡如農夫之務去草焉，芟夷蘊崇之，絕其本根，勿使能殖，則善者信矣。』」 |
| | On the Gengshen day of the fifth month, Duke Zheng invaded Chen and captured a great deal. Last year, Duke Zheng requested peace from Chen, but King Chen did not agree. Wufu advised, "Being kind to benevolent people and maintaining good relations with neighboring states are the treasures of a country." "Your Majesty should agree to Zheng's request." King Chen said, "It is actually difficult for Song and Wei; what can Zheng do?" Thus he did not agree. The gentlemen said, "Goodness must not be lost, and evil must not be allowed to grow." This was probably referring to King Huan of Chen. Allowing evil to persist without repentance leads one to bring calamity upon oneself. Although he wished to rescue them, would he be able to do so? The Shang Shu says: "Evil, once unleashed, spreads like fire on the plain; it cannot be approached closely, how much less can it still be extinguished?" Zhou Ren once said: "Those who govern a country should see evil as a farmer sees weeds to be removed; they must uproot and eradicate it, cutting off its roots so that it cannot reproduce. Only then will goodness prevail."
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秋，宋人取長葛。 |
| | In autumn, the Song people captured Zhangge.
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冬，京師來告饑。公為之請糴於宋、衛、齊、鄭，禮也。 |
| | In winter, messengers from the capital came to report a famine. The Duke requested grain purchases from Song, Wei, Qi, and Zheng on their behalf; this was in accordance with propriety.
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鄭伯如周，始朝桓王也。王不禮焉。周桓公言於王曰：「我周之東遷，晉、鄭焉依。善鄭以勸來者，猶懼不蔇，況不禮焉鄭不來矣！」 |
| | Duke Zheng went to Zhou; this was his first court attendance at King Huan. The king did not treat him with courtesy. Zhou Huan Gong said to the king: "When our Zhou dynasty moved east, we relied on Jin and Zheng." "We should treat Zheng kindly to encourage others to come; even then, we still fear they may not come. How much more so if we do not show courtesy? Then Zheng will never come again!"
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| | 隱公七年: |
七年，春，王三月，叔姬歸于紀。 |
| | In the seventh year, spring, during the third lunar month of the king's reign, Shu Ji returned to Ji.
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滕侯卒。 |
| | The Duke of Teng died.
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夏，城中丘。 |
| | In summer, the city of Zhongqiu was built.
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齊侯使其弟年來聘。 |
| | The Duke of Qi sent his younger brother Nian to pay a visit.
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秋，公伐邾。 |
| | In autumn, the duke led a military campaign against Zhu.
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冬，天王使凡伯來聘。戎伐凡伯于楚丘以歸。 |
| | In winter, the Son of Heaven sent Fan Bo to pay a visit. The Rong attacked Fan Bo at Chuqiu and took him back with them.
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| | 隱公七年: |
七年，春，滕侯卒。不書名，未同盟也。凡諸侯同盟，於是稱名，故薨則赴以名，告終、稱1嗣也，以繼好息民，謂之禮經。 |
| | In the seventh year, spring: The Duke of Teng died. His name was not recorded because he had never formed an alliance with us. Whenever feudal lords form a common alliance, they are then referred to by name. Therefore, when one dies, the news is conveyed with his name mentioned, in order to announce his death and the succession of his heir; this practice continues good relations and brings peace to the people, and it is called the classical rites.
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夏，城中丘。書，不時也。 |
| | In summer, Zhongqiu was fortified with a city wall. This is recorded because it did not occur at the proper time.
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齊侯使夷仲年來聘，結艾之盟也。 |
| | Duke Qi sent Yi Zhongnian to visit, in order to conclude the alliance of Ai.
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秋，宋及鄭平。七月，庚申，盟于宿，公伐邾，為宋討也。 |
| | In autumn, Song and Zheng made peace. On the Gengshen day of the seventh month, an alliance was concluded at Su. The duke led a military campaign against Zhu in order to exact punishment for Song.
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初，戎朝于周，發幣于公卿，凡伯弗賓，冬，王使凡伯來聘。還，戎伐之于楚丘以歸。 |
| | Originally, the Rong paid homage to the Zhou court and presented gifts to the high officials; Fan Bo did not receive them as guests. In winter, the king sent Fan Bo to visit. On his return journey, the Rong attacked him at Chuqiu and brought him back with them.
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陳及鄭平。十二月，陳五父如鄭蒞盟。壬申，及鄭伯盟，歃如忘。洩伯曰：「五父必不免，不賴盟矣。」鄭良佐如陳蒞盟。辛巳，及陳侯盟，亦知陳之將亂也。 |
| | Chen and Zheng made peace. In the twelfth month, Wu Fu of Chen went to Zheng to oversee an alliance. On the Renshen day, they concluded an alliance with Duke Zheng; he took the oath as if forgetting it. Xie Bo said: "Wu Fu will certainly not escape blame, for he did not rely on the alliance." Zhang Liangzuo of Zheng went to Chen to oversee an alliance. On the Xinsi day, they concluded an alliance with the Duke of Chen; this was also a sign that Chen would soon fall into chaos.
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鄭公子忽在王所，故陳侯請妻之。鄭伯許之，乃成昏。 |
| | Prince Hu of Zheng was at the Son of Heaven's court, so the Duke of Chen requested to give him a wife. Duke Zheng agreed, and thus the marriage was arranged.
1. 稱 : Inserted. 據《春秋左傳正義》註釋：「稱」字原無，按阮校：「石經、宋本、岳本、足利本『終』下有『稱』字，是也。」
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| | 隱公八年: |
八年，春，宋公、衛侯遇于垂。 |
| | In the eighth year [of the reign period], in spring, Song Gong and Wei Hou met at Chui.
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三月，鄭伯使宛來歸祊。庚寅，我入祊。 |
| | In March, Duke Zheng sent Wan to return Bang. On the Gengyin day, we entered Bang.
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夏，六月，己亥，蔡侯考父卒，辛亥，宿男卒。 |
| | In summer, in the sixth month, on the Jihai day, Duke Kao Fu of Cai died; on the Xinhai day, Nan of Su died.
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秋，七月，庚午，宋公、齊侯、衛侯盟于瓦屋。 |
| | In autumn, in the seventh month, on the Gengwu day, Duke Song, Marquis Qi, and Duke Wei formed an alliance at Wawu.
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八月，葬蔡宣公。 |
| | In August, the funeral of Duke Xuan of Cai was held.
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九月辛卯，公及莒人盟于浮來。 |
| | In September, on the Xinmao day, the Gong and the people of Ju formed an alliance at Fulei.
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螟。 |
| | Locusts.
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冬，十有二月，無駭卒。 |
| | In winter, in the twelfth month, Wu Hui died.
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| | 隱公八年: |
八年春，齊侯將平宋、衛，有會期，宋公以幣請於衛，請先相見，衛侯許之，故遇于犬丘。 |
| | In spring of the eighth year, Marquis Qi was about to mediate between Song and Wei, with a scheduled meeting. Duke Song sent gifts to Wei and requested to meet first; Duke Wei agreed, so they met at Quanqiu.
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鄭伯請釋泰山之祀而祀周公，以泰山之祊易許田。三月，鄭伯使宛來歸祊，不祀泰山也。 |
| | Duke Zheng requested to abandon the sacrifices at Mount Tai and instead perform sacrifices for Duke of Zhou, exchanging the Bang at Mount Tai for Xu Tian. In March, Duke Zheng sent Wu'an to return Bang; this was because he no longer performed sacrifices at Mount Tai.
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夏，虢公忌父始作卿士于周。 |
| | In summer, Gou Gong Jifu first served as a high minister in the Zhou court.
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四月，甲辰，鄭公子忽如陳逆婦媯。辛亥，以媯氏歸。甲寅，入于鄭，陳鍼子送女，先配而後祖。鍼子曰：「是不為夫婦，誣其祖矣。非禮也，何以能育？」 |
| | In April, on the Jiachen day, Prince Hu of Zheng went to Chen to escort his bride Gui. On the Xinhai day, he brought the Gui family back. On the Jiayin day, they entered Zheng; Chen Zhenzi sent off his daughter, performing the marriage rites before the ancestral farewell. Zhenzi said: "This is not a proper husband and wife relationship; it defames their ancestors." "It violates the rites, how can they raise children?"
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齊人卒平宋、衛于鄭。秋，會于溫，盟于瓦屋，以釋東門之役，禮也。 |
| | The people of Qi finally mediated peace between Song and Wei at Zheng. In autumn, they met in Wen and formed an alliance in Wawu to resolve the conflict at Dongmen; this was in accordance with rites.
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八月，丙戌，鄭伯以齊人朝王，禮也。 |
| | In August, on the Bingxiu day, Duke Zheng led Qi people to pay homage to the king of Zhou; this was in accordance with the rites.
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公及莒人盟于浮來，以成紀好也。 |
| | The Gong and the people of Ju formed a alliance at Fulei, to consolidate friendly relations with Ji.
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冬，齊侯使來，告成三國。公使眾仲對曰：「君釋三國之圖，以鳩其民，君之惠也。寡君聞命矣，敢不承受君之明德。」 |
| | In winter, Marquis Qi sent envoys, announcing the successful mediation among three states. The Gong sent Zhongzhong to reply: "Your lordship has abandoned the plans of the three states and instead brought peace to their people; this is your grace. My lord ruler has heard your command, how dare we not accept your illustrious virtue?"
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無駭卒，羽父請諡與族，公問族於眾仲。眾仲對曰，天子建德，因生以賜姓，胙之土而命之氏。諸侯以字，為諡，因以為族，官有世功，則有官族，邑亦如之。」公命以字為展氏。 |
| | Wu Hui died; Yu Fu requested a posthumous title and clan designation. The Gong asked Zhongzhong about the clan designation. Zhongzhong replied: "The Son of Heaven establishes virtue, grants surnames based on the living, bestows land and names them as a clan. "Marquises use their courtesy names for posthumous titles, and thus form clans. Officials with hereditary achievements have official clans; fiefs are treated similarly." The Gong ordered that the surname be changed to Zhan based on his courtesy name.
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| | 隱公九年: |
九年，春，天子使南季來聘。 |
| | In the ninth year [of the reign period], spring, the Son of Heaven sent Nan Ji to pay a visit.
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三月癸酉，大雨震電。庚辰，大雨雪。挾卒。 |
| | On the Gengyou day of the third month, there was heavy rain and thunder with lightning. On the Gengchen day, it rained heavily with snow. The soldiers were taken by force.
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夏，城郎。 |
| | In summer, the city Lang was fortified.
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秋，七月。 |
| | Autumn, seventh month.
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冬，公會齊侯于防。 |
| | In winter, Gong met Duke Qi at Fang.
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| | 隱公九年: |
九年，春，王三月，「癸酉，大雨霖以震」。書始也，「庚辰，大雨雪」，亦如之。書，時失也。凡雨，自三日以往為霖。平地尺為大雪。 |
| | The ninth year, spring, the third month of the King: "On the Gengyou day, there was heavy continuous rain and thunder." This is recorded for the first time; "On the Gengchen day, there was a heavy snowfall," it was also recorded in the same manner. The record indicates a loss of proper timing. Whenever it rains, if it lasts for three days or more, it is called "lin." A foot of snow on level ground is considered a heavy snowfall.
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夏城郎書，不時也。 |
| | The record of building the city Lang in summer was not timely.
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宋公不王。鄭伯為王左卿士，以王命討之，伐宋。宋以入郛之役怨公，不告命。公怒，絕宋使。 |
| | Duke Song did not follow the King's example. Duke Zheng, as the King's Left Minister of State, used the King's command to punish Duke Song and launched a campaign against Song. Song resented Gong because of the previous expedition into Fu, so they did not receive the order. Gong was angry and cut off diplomatic relations with Song's envoys.
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秋，鄭人以王命來告伐宋。 |
| | Autumn, the people of Zheng came to report the campaign against Song under the King's command.
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冬，公會齊侯于防，謀伐宋也。 |
| | In winter, Gong met Duke Qi of Qi at Fang, planning to launch a campaign against Song.
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北戎侵鄭。鄭伯禦之，患戎師，曰：「彼徒我車，懼其侵軼我也。」公子突曰：「使勇而無剛者嘗寇而速去之。君為三覆以待之。戎輕而不整，貪而無親，勝不相讓，敗不相救。先者見獲，必務進，進而遇覆，必速奔，後者不救，則無繼矣，乃可以逞。」從之。戎人之前遇覆者奔，祝聃逐之。衷戎師，前後擊之，盡殪。戎師大奔。十一月甲寅，鄭人大敗戎師。 |
| | The northern Rong tribes invaded Zheng. Duke Zheng of Zheng went out to resist them, and was worried about the Rong forces. He said: "They fight on foot while we use chariots; I fear they may encroach upon us." Prince Tu said, "Send those who are brave but not overly aggressive to test the enemy and quickly drive them away. The ruler should prepare three layers of defense to await them." The Rong are light-footed and disorganized, greedy and without loyalty; when they win, they do not share the glory, and when they lose, they do not come to each other's aid. Those who lead and see spoils will surely press forward; if they advance and encounter a trap, they will flee quickly. Those in the rear will not come to their rescue, so there will be no reinforcements. That is when we can achieve victory." They followed his advice. The Rong forces in the front who encountered a trap fled, and Zhu Dān pursued them. They surrounded the Rong army, attacked from the front and rear, and completely annihilated them. The Rong forces fled in great disorder. On the Jiayin day of the eleventh month, the people of Zheng decisively defeated the Rong army.
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| | 隱公十年: |
十年，春，王二月，公會齊侯、鄭伯于中丘。 |
| | In the tenth year [of Duke Xuan's reign], spring, in the second month of the king's calendar, the Gong met with Lord Qi and Lord Zheng at Zhongqiu.
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夏，翬帥師會齊人、鄭人伐宋。 |
| | In summer, Hui led an army to join the people of Qi and Zheng in attacking Song.
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六月壬戌，公敗宋師于菅。辛未，取郜。辛巳，取防。 |
| | On the Rixin day of the sixth month, the Gong defeated the Song forces at Jian. On the Xinwei day, Gao was captured. On the Xinsi day, Fang was captured.
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秋，宋人、衛人入鄭。宋人、蔡人、衛人伐戴。鄭伯伐取之。 |
| | In autumn, the people of Song and Wei entered Zheng. The people of Song, Cai, and Wei attacked Dai. Lord Zheng led a campaign to capture it.
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冬，十月，壬午，齊人、鄭人、入郕。 |
| | In winter, in the tenth month, on the Renwu day, the people of Qi and Zheng entered Cheng.
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| | 隱公十年: |
十年，春，王正月，公會齊侯、鄭伯于中丘。癸丑，盟于鄧，為師期。 |
| | In the tenth year [of his reign], spring, first month of the king's calendar (Wenzheng yue), the Gong met with Lord Qi and Duke Zheng at Zhongqiu. On the Guichou day, an alliance was made at Deng to set a date for military action.
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夏，五月，羽父先會齊侯、鄭伯伐宋。 |
| | In summer, in May, Yu Fu first met with Lord Qi and Lord Zheng to attack Song.
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六月，戊申，公會齊侯、鄭伯于老桃。壬戌，公敗宋師于菅。庚午，鄭師入郜，辛未，歸于我，庚辰，鄭師入防，辛巳，歸于我，君子謂鄭莊公於是乎可謂正矣，以王命討不庭，不貪其土以勞王爵，正之體也。 |
| | In the sixth month, on the Wushen day, the Gong met with Lord Qi, and Lord Zheng at Laotao. On the Rixin day, the Gong defeated the Song army at Jian. On the Gengwu day, the Zheng army entered Gao. On the Xinwei day, it was returned to us. On the Gengchen day, the Zheng army entered Fang. On the Xinsi day, it was also returned to us. The gentlemen considered that at this time Lord Zhuang of Zheng could be said to have been upright: using the king's command to punish those who did not appear in court, and not coveting their land or burdening them with royal titles—this is the embodiment of uprightness.
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蔡人、衛人、郕人不會王命。 |
| | The people of Cai, Wei, and Cheng did not comply with the king's command.
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秋，七月，庚寅，鄭師入郊。猶在郊，宋人、衛人入鄭。蔡人從之伐戴。八月，壬戌，鄭伯圍戴。癸亥，克之，取三師焉。宋、衛既入鄭，而以伐戴召蔡人。蔡人怒，故不和而敗。 |
| | In autumn, in July, on the Gengyin day, the Zheng army entered Jiao. While still at Jiao, the people of Song and Wei invaded Zheng. The people of Cai joined them in attacking Dai. In August, on the Rixin day, Lord Zheng besieged Dai. On the Guihai day, it was captured; three armies were taken from them. After Song and Wei had already entered Zheng, they summoned the people of Cai to attack Dai. The people of Cai were angry, so they did not cooperate and suffered defeat.
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九月，戊寅，鄭伯入宋。 |
| | In September, on the Wuyin day, Lord Zheng entered Song.
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冬齊人，鄭人，入郕，討違王命也。 |
| | In winter, the people of Qi and Vheng entered Cheng to punish those who had violated the king's command.
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| | 隱公十一... : |
十有一年，春，滕侯、薛侯來朝。 |
| | In the eleventh year [of the reign period], spring, Teng Hou and Xue Hou came to court.
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夏，公會鄭伯于時來。 |
| | In summer, the Gong met Duke Zheng at Shilai.
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秋，七月，壬午，公及齊侯、鄭伯入許。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, on the Renwu day, the Gong and Duke Qi, Duke Zheng entered Xu.
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冬，十有一月，壬辰，公薨。 |
| | In winter, eleventh month, on the Rencheng day, the Gong died.
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| | 隱公十一... : |
十一年，春，滕侯薛侯來朝，爭長。薛侯曰：「我先封。」滕侯曰：「我，周之卜正也。薛，庶姓也。我不可以後之。」公使羽父請於薛侯曰：「君與滕君，辱在寡人。周諺有之曰，山有木，工則度之，賓有禮，主則擇之，周之宗盟，異姓為後。寡人若朝于薛，不敢與諸任齒，君若辱貺寡人，則願以滕君為請，薛侯許之，乃長滕侯。 |
| | The eleventh year [of reign period], spring, Duke Teng and Duke Xue came to court, they quarreled over precedence. Duke Xue said: "I was enfeoffed first." Duke Teng said: "I am Zhou's bozheng. Xue is a common surname." "I cannot place myself after him." The Gong sent Yu Fu to request from Duke Xue, saying: "You and Duke Teng have shown me great honor. There is a proverb in Zhou: 'Mountains have trees, and the craftsman measures them; guests offer gifts, and the host chooses among them. In the Zhou ancestral alliance, those of different surnames come last.' "If I were to pay homage to Xue, I would not dare to rank among the Zhuren [offspring of Duke Huan of Qi], and if you deign to bestow a gift upon me, then I wish to request that Duke Teng be honored. Duke Xue agreed, so he took precedence over Duke Teng."
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「夏，公會鄭伯于郲」，謀伐許也。鄭伯將伐許，五月，甲辰，授兵于大宮，公孫閼與潁考叔爭車，潁考叔挾輈以走，子都拔棘以逐之。及大逵，弗及，子都怒。 |
| | "The phrase 'In summer, the Gong met Marquis Zheng at Shi' refers to plotting an attack on Xu." Duke Zheng was about to attack Xu. On the Jiachen day of the fifth month, he distributed weapons at Daguangong. Gongsun E and Ying Kaoshu quarreled over a chariot; Ying Kaoshu seized the reins and ran off, while Zi Du pulled up a thorn branch to chase after him. When they reached Dakuai, he could not catch up. Zi Du became angry.
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秋，七月，公會齊侯、鄭伯伐許。庚辰，傅于許。潁考叔取鄭伯之旗蝥弧以先登，子都自下射之，顛。瑕叔盈又以蝥弧登，周麾而呼曰：「君登矣！」鄭師畢登。壬午，遂入許。許莊公奔衛。齊侯以許讓公。公曰，君謂許不共，故從君討之。許既伏其罪矣，雖君有命，寡人弗敢與聞。」乃與鄭人。鄭伯使許大夫百里，奉許叔以居許東偏，曰：「天禍許國，鬼神實不逞于許君，而假手于我寡人。寡人唯是一二父兄，不能共億，其敢以許自為功乎？寡人有弟，不能和協，而使餬其口於四方，其況能久有許乎吾子其奉許叔以撫柔此民也，吾將使獲也佐吾子。若寡人得沒于地，天其以禮悔禍于許，無寧茲許公復奉其社稷。唯我鄭國之有請謁焉。如舊昏媾，其能降以相從也。無滋他族，實偪處此，以與我鄭國爭此土也。吾子孫其覆亡之不暇，而況能禋祀許乎寡人之使吾子處此，不唯許國之為，亦聊以固吾圉也。」乃使公孫獲處許西偏，曰：「凡而器用財賄，無寘於許。我死，乃亟去之！吾先君新邑於此，王室而既卑矣，周之子孫日失其序。夫許，大岳之胤也，天而既厭周德矣，吾其能與許爭乎君子謂鄭莊公於是乎有禮。禮，經國家，定社稷，序民人，利後嗣者也。許無刑而伐之，服而舍之，度德而處之，量力而行之，相時而動，無累後人，可謂知禮矣。 |
| | In autumn, seventh month, the Gong joined Duke Qi and Duke Zheng to attack Xu. On the Gengchen day, they encamped at Xu. Ying Kaoshu took Duke Zheng's flag Mao Hu and climbed the wall first; Zi Du shot at him from below, causing him to fall. Xia Shuying also climbed with Mao Hu and waved it while shouting: "The Duke has ascended!" The entire army of Zheng climbed the wall. On the Renwu day, they entered Xu. Xu Zhuanggong fled to Wei. Duke Qi offered Xu to the Gong. The Gong said, "You said that Xu did not pay tribute, so I followed you in punishing it." "Xu has already submitted to its punishment. Although you have given an order, I dare not take part in this matter." He then gave it to the people of Zheng. Duke Zheng sent Master Bai Li of Xu, to escort Xu Shu and reside in the eastern part of Xu. He said: "Heaven has brought calamity upon the State of Xu; it is actually that the gods and spirits are not satisfied with Duke Xu, and have used my hand as an instrument. "I am merely one or two elder brothers who cannot fully understand the matter; how could I dare to take Xu as my own achievement?" "I have a younger brother who cannot maintain harmony, and I have already sent him to seek food from all directions; how could we possibly hold onto Xu for long? You must serve Duke Xu Shu in pacifying these people. I will send Huo to assist you." "If I may be allowed to pass away in peace, Heaven might yet bring about a change of fortune for Xu through proper rites; it would surely wish that this Duke of Xu could once again serve his ancestral temple and state. "Only our State of Zheng will make requests on its behalf." "Just as in the old marital alliance, it is hoped that they may descend and follow us accordingly." "Do not allow other clans to settle here and encroach upon this land, competing with our State of Zheng for it." "My descendants will have no time to spare for anything but their own survival, let alone be able to perform sacrifices for Xu. I am sending you here not only for the sake of the State of Xu, but also as a means to strengthen our defenses." He then sent Gongsun Huo to reside in the western part of Xu, saying: "All your tools and valuables must not be placed within Xu. "When I die, you must leave immediately!" "My ancestors newly established a fief here. The royal house has already declined, and the descendants of Zhou are daily losing their order." "As for Xu, it is a descendant of Dayue. Heaven has already grown weary of the virtue of Zhou; how could I possibly compete with Xu? The gentlemen said that Marquis Zhuanggong of Zheng demonstrated propriety in this matter." Propriety is what governs the state, stabilizes the ancestral temple and country, orders the people, and benefits future generations. "To attack Xu without just cause, to forgive it when it submits, to act according to virtue and measure one's strength accordingly, to take action in accordance with the times, and not burden future generations—this can be called knowledge of propriety."
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鄭伯使卒出豭，行出犬雞，以詛射潁考叔者。君子謂鄭莊公失政刑矣。政以治民，刑以正邪。既無德政，又無威刑，是以及邪。邪而詛之，將何益矣！ |
| | Duke Zheng ordered his soldiers to drive out boars, and on the march, they took dogs and chickens with them, using these as offerings in a curse against Zi Du, who had shot Ying Kaoshu. The gentlemen said that Marquis Zhuangong of Zheng had lost the principles of governance and punishment. Governance is used to manage the people, while punishment is used to correct wrongdoing. Having neither virtue in governance nor authority through punishment leads one to be overwhelmed by evil. To curse the wicked without addressing the root cause—what benefit will that bring!
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王取鄔，劉，蒍，邘，之田于鄭，而與鄭人蘇忿生之田，溫，原，絺，樊，隰郕，欑茅，向，盟，州，陘，隤，懷，君子是以知桓王之失鄭也。恕而行之，德之則也，禮之經也。己弗能有，而以與人，人之不至，不亦宜乎。 |
| | The king took the fields of Wu, Liu, Wei, and Yun from Zheng, while giving to the people of Zheng Su Fensheng's fields: Wen, Yuan, Chi, Fan, Xicheng, Cuanmao, Xiang, Meng, Zhou, Xing, Tui, Huai. The gentlemen thus knew that King Huanwang had lost control over Zheng. To act with leniency is the principle of virtue and the foundation of propriety. If one cannot hold onto something oneself, yet gives it to others, then if those people do not come—should that not be expected?
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鄭息有違言，息侯伐鄭。鄭伯與戰于竟，息師大敗而還。君子是以知息之將亡也。不度德，不量力，不親親，不徵辭，不察有罪。犯五不韙，而以伐人，其喪師也，不亦宜乎！ |
| | Zheng and Xi had a broken agreement; Duke Xi attacked Zheng. Duke Zheng fought against them at the border, and the army of Xi suffered a great defeat and returned. The gentlemen thus knew that the State of Xi was about to fall. They did not measure virtue, did not assess strength, did not cherish kinship, did not verify words, and did not investigate guilt. To commit five unforgivable faults and yet go to war against others—should their army's defeat not be expected!
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冬，十月，鄭伯以虢師伐宋。壬戌，大敗宋師，以報其入鄭也。宋不告命，故不書。凡諸侯有命，告則書，不然則否。師出臧否，亦如之。雖及滅國，滅不告敗，勝不告克，不書于策。 |
| | In winter, tenth month, Duke Zheng led the army of Guo to attack Song. On the Renxu day, they heavily defeated the army of Song as retaliation for its invasion of Zheng. Song did not announce its official title, so it is not recorded. Whenever a feudal lord receives an appointment, if he reports it, it will be recorded; otherwise, it will not be. Whether the army's actions are commendable or not is also treated in this manner. Even if a state is destroyed, if it does not report its defeat, and even if victorious, if the conqueror does not announce his success, neither will be recorded in the annals.
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羽父請殺桓公，將以求大宰。公曰：「為其少故也，吾將授之矣。使營菟裘，吾將老焉。」羽父懼，反譖公于桓公，而請弒之，公之為公子也，與鄭人戰于狐壤，止焉。鄭人囚諸尹氏，賂尹氏，而禱於其主鍾巫，遂與尹氏歸，而立其主。十一月，公祭鍾巫，齊于社圃，館于寪氏。壬辰，羽父使賊弒公于寪氏，立桓公，而討寪氏，有死者。不書葬，不成喪也。 |
| | Yu Fu requested to kill Duke Huan, intending to seek the position of Da Zai through this act. The Gong said: "Because he is young, I was about to appoint him." "I have ordered the construction of Tuqiu; there I will grow old." Yu Fu became fearful and falsely accused the Gong to Duke Huan, requesting that he be assassinated. When the Gong was still a marquis' son, he had fought against the people of Zheng at Huluang and was captured there. The people of Zheng imprisoned him at the house of Yin Shi, bribed Yin Shi, and made offerings to his master Zhong Wu. Thus, he returned with Yin Shi and established his master as ruler. In the eleventh month, the Gong made a sacrifice to Zhong Wu, performed purification rites in the Shu Pu (sacrificial field), and stayed at the residence of Yu Shi. On the Rencheng day, Yu Fu sent assassins to kill the Gong at Yu Shi's residence. Duke Huan was then installed as ruler and led a campaign against Yu Shi; there were those who died in this action. The burial is not recorded, for the mourning rites were incomplete.
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