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《儒家 - Confucianism》 | Related resources |
《孟子 - Mengzi》 | [Warring States] 340 BC-250 BC English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《孟子》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《公孙丑下 - Gong Sun Chou II》 | Books referencing 《公孙丑下》 Library Resources |
| 19 | 公孙丑下: | 孟子致为臣而归。王就见孟子，曰：“前日愿见而不可得，得侍，同朝甚喜。今又弃寡人而归，不识可以继此而得见乎？”对曰：“不敢请耳，固所愿也。” |
| Gong Sun Chou II: | Mencius gave up his office, and made arrangements for returning to his native State. The king came to visit him, and said, 'Formerly, I wished to see you, but in vain. Then, I got the opportunity of being by your side, and all my court joyed exceedingly along with me. Now again you abandon me, and are returning home. I do not know if hereafter I may expect to have another opportunity of seeing you.' Mencius replied, 'I dare not request permission to visit you at any particular time, but, indeed, it is what I desire.' | |
| 他日，王谓时子曰：“我欲中国而授孟子室，养弟子以万锺，使诸大夫国人皆有所矜式。子盍为我言之？” | ||
| Another day, the king said to the officer Shi, 'I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom, and to support his disciples with an allowance of 10,000 zhong, that all the officers and the people may have such an example to reverence and imitate. Had you not better tell him this for me?' | ||
| 时子因陈子而以告孟子，陈子以时子之言告孟子。孟子曰：“然。夫时子恶知其不可也？如使予欲富，辞十万而受万，是为欲富乎？季孙曰：‘异哉子叔疑！使己为政，不用，则亦已矣，又使其子弟为卿。人亦孰不欲富贵？而独于富贵之中，有私龙断焉。’古之为市也，以其所有易其所无者，有司者治之耳。有贱丈夫焉，必求龙断而登之，以左右望而罔市利。人皆以为贱，故从而征之。征商，自此贱丈夫始矣。 | ||
| Shi took advantage to convey this message by means of the disciple Chen, who reported his words to Mencius. Mencius said, 'Yes; but how should the officer Shi know that the thing could not be? Suppose that I wanted to be rich, having formerly declined 100,000 zhong, would my now accepting 10,000 be the conduct of one desiring riches? Ji Sun said, "A strange man was Zi Shu Yi. He pushed himself into the service of government. His prince declining to employ him, he had to retire indeed, but he again schemed that his son or younger brother should be made a high officer. Who indeed is there of men but wishes for riches and honour? But he only, among the seekers of these, tried to monopolize the conspicuous mound. "Of old time, the market-dealers exchanged the articles which they had for others which they had not, and simply had certain officers to keep order among them. It happened that there was a mean fellow, who made it a point to look out for a conspicuous mound, and get up upon it. Thence he looked right and left, to catch in his net the whole gain of the market. The people all thought his conduct mean, and therefore they proceeded to lay a tax upon his wares. The taxing of traders took its rise from this mean fellow."' |
《滕文公下 - Teng Wen Gong II》 | Library Resources |
| 15 | 滕文公下: | 匡章曰：“陈仲子岂不诚廉士哉？居于陵，三日不食，耳无闻，目无见也。井上有李，螬食实者过半矣，匍匐往将食之，三咽，然后耳有闻，目有见。” |
| Teng Wen Gong II: | Kuang Zhang said to Mencius, 'Is not Chen Zhong a man of true self-denying purity? He was living in Wu Ling, and for three days was without food, till he could neither hear nor see. Over a well there grew a plum-tree, the fruit of which had been more than half eaten by worms. He crawled to it, and tried to eat some of the fruit, when, after swallowing three mouthfuls, he recovered his sight and hearing.' | |
| 孟子曰：“于齐国之士，吾必以仲子为巨擘焉。虽然，仲子恶能廉？充仲子之操，则蚓而后可者也。夫蚓，上食槁壤，下饮黄泉。仲子所居之室，伯夷之所筑与？抑亦盗跖之所筑与？所食之粟，伯夷之所树与？抑亦盗跖之所树与？是未可知也。” | ||
| Mencius replied, 'Among the scholars of Qi, I must regard Zhong as the thumb among the fingers. But still, where is the self-denying purity he pretends to? To carry out the principles which he holds, one must become an earthworm, for so only can it be done. Now, an earthworm eats the dry mould above, and drinks the yellow spring below. Was the house in which Zhong dwells built by a Bo Yi? or was it built by a robber like Zhi? Was the millet which he eats planted by a Bo Yi? or was it planted by a robber like Zhi? These are things which cannot be known.' | ||
| 曰：“是何伤哉？彼身织屦，妻辟纑，以易之也。” | ||
| 'But,' said Zhang, 'what does that matter? He himself weaves sandals of hemp, and his wife twists and dresses threads of hemp to sell or exchange them.' | ||
| 曰：“仲子，齐之世家也。兄戴，盖禄万锺。以兄之禄为不义之禄而不食也，以兄之室为不义之室而不居也，辟兄离母，处于于陵。他日归，则有馈其兄生鹅者，己频顣曰：‘恶用是鶃鶃者为哉？’他日，其母杀是鹅也，与之食之。其兄自外至，曰：‘是鶃鶃之肉也。’出而哇之。以母则不食，以妻则食之；以兄之室则弗居，以于陵则居之。是尚为能充其类也乎？若仲子者，蚓而后充其操者也。” | ||
| Mencius rejoined, 'Zhong belongs to an ancient and noble family of Qi. His elder brother Dai received from Gai a revenue of 10,000 zhong, but he considered his brother's emolument to be unrighteous, and would not eat of it, and in the same way he considered his brother's house to be unrighteous, and would not dwell in it. Avoiding his brother and leaving his mother, he went and dwelt in Wu Ling. One day afterwards, he returned to their house, when it happened that some one sent his brother a present of a live goose. He, knitting his eyebrows, said, "What are you going to use that cackling thing for?" By-and-by his mother killed the goose, and gave him some of it to eat. Just then his brother came into the house, and said, "It is the flesh of that cackling thing," upon which he went out and vomited it. Thus, what his mother gave him he would not eat, but what his wife gives him he eats. He will not dwell in his brother's house, but he dwells in Wu Ling. How can he in such circumstances complete the style of life which he professes? With such principles as Zhong holds, a man must be an earthworm, and then he can carry them out.' |
《告子上 - Gaozi I》 | Library Resources |
| 10 | 告子上: | 孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也；死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者，何不用也？使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以辟患者，何不为也？由是则生而有不用也，由是则可以辟患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者，非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。嘑尔而与之，行道之人弗受；蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。万锺则不辨礼义而受之。万锺于我何加焉？为宫室之美、妻妾之奉、所识穷乏者得我与？乡为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之；乡为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之；乡为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之，是亦不可以已乎？此之谓失其本心。” |
| Gaozi I: | Mencius said, 'I like fish, and I also like bear's paws. If I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go, and take the bear's paws. So, I like life, and I also like righteousness. If I cannot keep the two together, I will let life go, and choose righteousness. I like life indeed, but there is that which I like more than life, and therefore, I will not seek to possess it by any improper ways. I dislike death indeed, but there is that which I dislike more than death, and therefore there are occasions when I will not avoid danger. If among the things which man likes there were nothing which he liked more than life, why should he not use every means by which he could preserve it? If among the things which man dislikes there were nothing which he disliked more than death, why should he not do everything by which he could avoid danger? There are cases when men by a certain course might preserve life, and they do not employ it; when by certain things they might avoid danger, and they will not do them. Therefore, men have that which they like more than life, and that which they dislike more than death. They are not men of distinguished talents and virtue only who have this mental nature. All men have it; what belongs to such men is simply that they do not lose it. Here are a small basket of rice and a platter of soup, and the case is one in which the getting them will preserve life, and the want of them will be death; if they are offered with an insulting voice, even a tramper will not receive them, or if you first tread upon them, even a beggar will not stoop to take them. And yet a man will accept of ten thousand zhong, without any consideration of propriety or righteousness. What can the ten thousand chung add to him? When he takes them, is it not that he may obtain beautiful mansions, that he may secure the services of wives and concubines, or that the poor and needy of his acquaintance may be helped by him? In the former case the offered bounty was not received, though it would have saved from death, and now the emolument is taken for the sake of beautiful mansions. The bounty that would have preserved from death was not received, and the emolument is taken to get the service of wives and concubines. The bounty that would have saved from death was not received, and the emolument is taken that one's poor and needy acquaintance may be helped by him. Was it then not possible likewise to decline this? This is a case of what is called "Losing the proper nature of one's mind."' |
《礼记 - Liji》 | [Warring States (475 BC - 221 BC)] | Books referencing 《礼记》 Library Resources Source Related resources |
《月令 - Yue Ling》 | English translation: James Legge [?] | Books referencing 《月令》 Library Resources |
| 96 | 月令: | 仲冬之月，日在斗，昏东壁中，旦轸中。其日壬癸。其帝颛顼，其神玄冥。其虫介。其音羽，律中黄锺。其数六。其味咸，其臭朽。其祀行，祭先肾。 |
| Yue Ling: | In the second month of winter the sun is in Dou, the constellation culminating at dusk being the eastern Bi, and that culminating at dawn Zhen. Its days are ren and gui. Its divine ruler is Zhuan-xu, and the (attending) spirit is Xuan-ming. Its creatures are the shell-covered. Its musical note is Yu, and its pitch-tube is Huang Zhong. Its number is six. Its taste is salt. Its smell is that of things that are rotten. Its sacrifice is that at (the altar of) the path, and of the parts of the victim the kidneys have the foremost place. |
《说苑 - Shuo Yuan》 | [Western Han (206 BC - 9)] Liu Xiang | Books referencing 《说苑》 Library Resources |
《臣术》 | Books referencing 《臣术》 Library Resources |
| 4 | 臣术: | 子贡问孔子曰：“今之人臣孰为贤？”孔子曰：“吾未识也，往者齐有鲍叔，郑有子皮，贤者也。”子贡曰：“然则齐无管仲，郑无子产乎？”子曰：“赐，汝徒知其一，不知其二，汝闻进贤为贤耶？用力为贤耶？”子贡曰：“进贤为贤？”子曰：“然，吾闻鲍叔之进管仲也，闻子皮之进子产也，未闻管仲子产有所进也。”魏文侯且置相，召李克而问焉，曰：“寡人将置相，置于季成子与翟触，我孰置而可？”李克曰：“臣闻之，贱不谋贵，外不谋内，疏不谋亲，臣者疏贱，不敢闻命。”文侯曰：“此国事也，愿与先生临事而勿辞。”李克曰：“君不察故也，可知矣，贵视其所举，富视其所与，贫视其所不取，穷视其所不为，由此观之，可知矣。”文侯曰：“先生出矣，寡人之相定矣。”李克出，过翟黄，翟黄问曰：“吾闻君问相于先生，未知果孰为相？”李克曰：“季成子为相。”翟黄作色不说曰：“触失望于先生。”李克曰：“子何遽失望于我，我于子之君也，岂与我比周而求大官哉？君问相于我，臣对曰：‘君不察故也，贵视其所举，富视其所与，贫视其所不取，穷视其所不为，由此观之可知也。’君曰：‘出矣，寡人之相定矣。’以是知季臣子为相。”翟黄不说曰：“触何遽不为相乎？西河之守，触所任也；计事内史，触所任也；王欲攻中山，吾进乐羊；无使治之臣，吾进先生；无使傅其子，吾进屈侯附。触何负于季成子？”李克曰：“不如季成子，季成子食采千锺，什九居外一居中；是以东得卜子夏，田子方，段干木，彼其所举人主之师也，子之所举，人臣之才也。”翟黄方然而惭曰：“触失对于先生，请自修，然后学。”言未卒，而左右言季成子立为相矣，于是翟黄默然变色内惭，不敢出，三月也。 |
《建本》 | Books referencing 《建本》 Library Resources |
| 4 | 建本: | 子路曰：负重道远者，不择地而休；家贫亲老者，不择禄而仕。昔者由事二亲之时，常食藜藿之实而为亲负米百里之外，亲没之后，南游于楚，从车百乘，积粟万锺，累茵而坐，列鼎而食，愿食藜藿负米之时不可复得也；枯鱼衔索，几何不蠹，二亲之寿，忽如过隙，草木欲长，霜露不使，贤者欲养，二亲不待，故曰：家贫亲老不择禄而仕也。 |
《政理》 | Books referencing 《政理》 Library Resources |
| 32 | 政理: | 魏文侯问李克曰：“为国如何？”对曰：“臣闻为国之道，食有劳而禄有功，使有能而赏必行，罚必当。”文侯曰：“吾尝罚皆当而民不与，何也？”对曰：“国其有淫民乎？臣闻之曰：夺淫民之禄以来四方之士；其父有功而禄，其子无功而食之，出则乘车马衣美裘以为荣华，入则修竽琴、锺石之声而安其子女之乐，以乱乡曲之教，如此者夺其禄以来四方之士，此之谓夺淫民也。” |
《尊贤》 | Books referencing 《尊贤》 Library Resources |
| 7 | 尊贤: | 或曰：“将谓桓公仁义乎？杀兄而立，非仁义也；将谓桓公恭俭乎？与妇人同舆，驰于邑中，非恭俭也；将谓桓公清洁乎？闺门之内，无可嫁者，非清洁也。此三者亡国失君之行也，然而桓公兼有之，以得管仲隰朋，九合诸侯，一匡天下，毕朝周室，为五霸长，以其得贤佐也；失管仲隰朋，任竖刁易牙，身死不葬，虫流出户。一人之身，荣辱俱施者，何者？其所任异也。”由此观之，则任佐急矣。周公旦白屋之士，所下者七十人，而天下之士皆至；晏子所与同衣食者百人，而天下之士亦至；仲尼修道行，理文章，而天下之士亦至矣。伯牙子鼓琴，锺子期听之，方鼓而志在太山，锺子期曰：“善哉乎鼓琴！巍巍乎若太山。”少选之间，而志在流水，锺子期复曰：“善哉乎鼓琴！汤汤乎若流水。”锺子期死，伯牙破琴绝弦，终身不复鼓琴，以为世无足为鼓琴者。非独鼓琴若此也，贤者亦然，虽有贤者而无以接之，贤者奚由尽忠哉！骥不自至千里者，待伯乐而后至也。 |
《善说》 | Books referencing 《善说》 Library Resources |
| 13 | 善说: | 襄成君始封之日，衣翠衣，带玉剑，履缟舄，立于游水之上，大夫拥锺锤，县令执桴号令，呼：“谁能渡王者于是也？”楚大夫庄辛，过而说之，遂造托而拜谒，起立曰：“臣愿把君之手，其可乎？”襄成君忿作色而不言。庄辛迁延沓手而称曰：“君独不闻夫鄂君子皙之泛舟于新波之中也？乘青翰之舟，极䓣芘，张翠盖而㩉犀尾，班丽褂衽，会锺鼓之音，毕榜枻越人拥楫而歌，歌辞曰：‘滥兮拚草滥予昌枑泽予昌州州𩜱州焉乎秦胥胥缦予乎昭澶秦逾渗惿随河湖。’鄂君子皙曰：‘吾不知越歌，子试为我楚说之。’于是乃召越译，乃楚说之曰：‘今夕何夕搴中洲流，今日何日兮，得与王子同舟。蒙羞被好兮，不訾诟耻，心几顽而不绝兮，知得王子。山有木兮木有枝，心说君兮君不知。’于是鄂君子皙乃㩉修袂，行而拥之，举绣被而覆之。鄂君子皙，亲楚王母弟也。官为令尹，爵为执圭，一榜枻越人犹得交欢尽意焉。今君何以逾于鄂君子皙，臣何以独不若榜枻之人，愿把君之手，其不可何也？”襄成君乃奉手而进之，曰：“吾少之时，亦尝以色称于长者矣。未尝过僇如此之卒也。自今以后，愿以壮少之礼谨受命。” |
| 14 | 善说: | 雍门子周以琴见乎孟尝君。孟尝君曰：“先生鼓琴亦能令文悲乎？”雍门子周曰：“臣何独能令足下悲哉？臣之所能令悲者，有先贵而后贱，先富而后贫者也。不若身材高妙，适遭暴乱，无道之主，妄加不道之理焉；不若处势隐绝，不及四邻，诎折傧厌，袭于穷巷，无所告诉；不若交欢相爱无怨而生离，远赴绝国，无复相见之时；不若少失二亲，兄弟别离，家室不足，忧蹙盈胸。当是之时也，固不可以闻飞鸟疾风之声，穷穷焉固无乐已。凡若是者，臣一为之徽胶援琴而长太息，则流涕沾衿矣。今若足下千乘之君也，居则广厦邃房，下罗帷，来清风，倡优侏儒处前选进而谄谀；燕则斗象棋而舞郑女，激楚之切风，练色以淫目，流声以虞耳；水游则连方舟，载羽旗，鼓吹乎不测之渊；野游则驰骋弋猎乎平原广囿，格猛兽；入则撞锺击鼓乎深宫之中。方此之时，视天地曾不若一指，忘死与生，虽有善琴者，固未能令足下悲也。”孟尝君曰：“否！否！文固以为不然。”雍门子周曰：“然臣之所为足下悲者一事也。夫声敌帝而困秦者君也；连五国之约，南面而伐楚者又君也。天下未尝无事，不从则横，从成则楚王，横成则秦帝。楚王秦帝，必报雠于薛矣。夫以秦、楚之强而报雠于弱薛，誉之犹摩萧斧而伐朝菌也，必不留行矣。天下有识之士无不为足下寒心酸鼻者。千秋万岁后，庙堂必不血食矣。高台既以坏，曲池既以渐，坟墓既以下而青廷矣。婴儿竖子樵采薪荛者，蹢躅其足而歌其上，众人见之，无不愀焉，为足下悲之曰：‘夫以孟尝君尊贵乃可使若此乎？’”于是孟尝君泫然泣涕，承睫而未殒，雍门子周引琴而鼓之，徐动宫徵，微挥羽角，切终而成曲，孟尝君涕浪汗增，欷而就之曰：“先生之鼓琴令文立若破国亡邑之人也。” |
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