Dong Jin (April 6, 317 – July 10, 420), a Chinese dynasty, was the continuation of the Xi Jin Sima clan's rule. Due to wars initiated by northern nomadic tribes, both the Jin Huai Di and Jin Min Di were captured and killed successively. The Prince of Langya, Sima Rui, was enthroned in Jiankang (modern-day Nanjing) with the support of his ministers, becoming known as Emperor Yuan of Jin. This period is historically referred to as Dong Jin. Together with the earlier Three Kingdoms' Eastern Wu and the subsequent Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties, they are collectively known as the Six Dynasties. Additionally, Dong Jin emulated the Shuhan by referring to Dong Han as Zhonghan and to Xi Jin as Zhongchao; since most of the territory ruled by Dong Jin was east of the Yangtze River, it was known in ancient times as Jiangzuo, thus using Jiangzuo to refer to Dong Jin. Since the region east of the Yangtze was seen by the Jin people as the East, subsequent Jin dynasties were referred to as Dong Jin by the Liu Song. At the same time, multiple nomadic tribes established regimes in the north and engaged in continuous warfare, a period known historically as the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms.

Dong Jin was nominally a continuation of the Sima clan's rule, but the Sima family had little political prestige. The court was dominated by aristocratic families, with the first being Wang Dao from the Langya Wang clan, followed by members of the Chenxian Xie clan such as Xie An and Xie Xuan. Representative aristocratic families included the southern migrants like the Wang, Xie, Yuan, and Xiao clans, and local Jiangnan residents like the Zhu, Zhang, Gu, and Lu clans. Initially, Dong Jin relied on powerful ministers such as Wang Dao to manage affairs, who sought to win over both the local Jiangnan elite and the northern migrants, while using the Sima clan as a common figurehead. In reality, the Sima clan became a puppet. Emperor Ai of Jin once sarcastically remarked that political matters were dominated by the Huan family (Huan Chu), leaving him to handle only minor tasks such as temple rituals.

The aristocratic families were not truly loyal to the Sima clan, especially since they owned vast tracts of land and maintained their own private armies (known as "buqu"), giving them sufficient power to challenge the Sima regime. Initially, with Wang Dao in charge, the Dong Jin government stabilized, leading people to say, "Wang and Ma share the world." However, internal strife increased after Emperor Yuan of Jin, including early rebellions like those led by Wang Dun and Su Jun, and later ones such as the uprisings of Sun En and Lu Xun.

Dong Jin made several attempts to reconquer the north, but due to internal divisions, the emperors, while ostensibly supporting these efforts, were actually =.6;

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References

• 東晉 (Chinese)

東晉（317年4月6日－420年7月10日），中國朝代，乃西晉司馬氏政權的延續。因北方遊牧民族發動戰爭，晉懷帝與晉愍帝先後被俘殺，琅琊王司馬睿在群臣擁戴下在建康（今南京）即位，即晉元帝，史稱東晉。東晉與先前三國時期的東吳以及其後的宋、齊、梁、陳，合稱為六朝。此外，東晉又仿蜀漢稱東漢為中漢，稱西晉為中朝；又東晉統治地區大部分在江東，古稱江左，因此以江左代指東晉。因江東被晉人視為東方，因而司馬睿之後的晉朝被劉宋稱作東晉。同時北方有多個遊牧民族建立政權並連年征戰，史稱五胡十六國時期。

東晉雖然是司馬氏政權的延續，但司馬氏在政治上威望不高，朝廷由世族大家把持，最先的一個乃出身琅琊王氏的王導，其後又有陳郡謝氏的謝安、謝玄等等。而世家大族中的代表者有南下的王、謝、袁、蕭等僑姓，和本身居於江南的朱、張、顧、陸的吳姓。最初東晉有賴權臣王導主持大局，一方面拉攏江南士族，一方面又安排予從中原南下的士族，並以司馬氏作為共同擁戴的對象，司馬氏實際上成為傀儡。晉哀帝曾自嘲政治大事就日後篡晉自立的桓氏（桓楚）主導，自己則只負責宗廟祭祀等小事。世家大族本身並不真正忠於司馬氏，尤其是他們本身擁有大量田地，以至擁有自家部隊（即所謂「部曲」），有足夠實力抗衡司馬氏政權。最初有王導主持大局，東晉政權得以穩定，故時人稱「王與馬，共天下」。但晉元帝以降則內亂頻生，如有早期王敦之亂、蘇峻之亂，後期又有孫恩盧循之亂等。

東晉也曾多次試圖北伐，但由于內部不團結，東晉君主表面上支持北伐，實質害怕連半壁江山都失去，導致其北伐大多毫無建樹，只有最後篡晉的劉裕領導的北伐收回部分失地。祖逖本有希望恢復舊土，但他被晉元帝及世家大族挾制，鬱郁而終。桓溫的北伐則被慕容垂擊敗。

376年，前秦苻堅滅掉代國，統一北方，南北分立之勢從此而成。其後苻堅開始率兵南侵。383年，苻堅率約八十七萬兵馬大幅南侵，東晉宰相謝安力主抗擊，派謝石、謝玄率軍，在淝水之戰大獲全勝，苻堅逃回北方。之後苻堅力量衰弱，因此原本統一的北方再次分裂為多國，東晉成功北伐，疆域一度達至黃河以南。後有桓玄叛亂，廢安帝，自立為天子，後為大將劉裕所平，然大權落于劉裕。劉裕弒安帝，立恭帝。

420年，劉裕篡位建立劉宋，開啟南北朝時代，東晉亡。

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