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孫策[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:122665
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 孫策 | |
name-style | 伯符 | 《三國志·吳志一》:策字伯符。 |
died-date | 建安五年 200/2/3 - 201/2/20 | 《後漢書·卷九·帝紀第九孝獻帝》:是歲,孫策死, |
born | 175 | |
died | 200 | |
father | person:孫堅 | 《三國志·吳志一》:堅四子:策、權、翊、匡。 |
authority-cbdb | 20608 | |
authority-wikidata | Q380598 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 孙策 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Sun_Ce |
![](static/wikilogo.png)
In 200, when the warlord Cao Cao was at war with his rival Yuan Shao in the Battle of Guandu, Sun Ce was rumoured to be planning an attack on Xuchang, Cao Cao's base. However, he was assassinated before he could carry out the plan. Sun Ce was posthumously honoured as "Prince Huan of Changsha" (長沙桓王) by his younger brother Sun Quan when the latter became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu.
Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) describes Sun Ce as a handsome man who was full of laughter. He was also a generous and receptive man who employed people according to their abilities. As such, his subjects were willing to risk their lives for him. One detractor named Xu Gong, in a letter to Emperor Xian, compared Sun Ce to Xiang Yu, the warrior-king who overthrew the Qin dynasty. As a result, Sun Ce was also referred to as the "Little Conqueror" in popular culture. Sun Ce is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.
Read more...: Early life and career Conquest of Wu territory Later life Dispute over cause of death Family In popular culture Chinese opera Film and television Comics and anime Video games Card games
Early life and career
Born in 175, Sun Ce was the eldest son of Sun Jian, a military general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty. In 190, a year after Emperor Ling died, the warlord Dong Zhuo usurped power, placing in the throne the puppet Emperor Xian. Regional warlords in eastern China then launched a campaign against Dong Zhuo. Sun Jian rendered his service to Yuan Shu, one of the leaders of the coalition. The attempt to oust Dong Zhuo soon failed and China slid into a series of massive civil wars. In the next year, Sun Jian was sent by Yuan Shu to attack Liu Biao, governor of Jing Province, but he was killed in an ambush.
Sun Ce brought his father's body to Qu'e (曲阿; present-day Danyang, Jiangsu) for burial and settled his mother down before heading for Danyang, where his maternal uncle Wu Jing was the governor. There he raised a small militia a few hundred in strength. This small force was far from sufficient for him to establish his own power so in 194 Sun Ce went to Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu was very impressed with Sun Ce and often lamented that he had no son like him. He also returned Sun Jian's former division of troops to Sun Ce.
Initially, Yuan Shu promised to appoint Sun Ce the governor of Jiujiang but eventually gave the governorship to Chen Ji (陳紀). Later, when Yuan Shu was denied a large loan of grains from the governor of Lujiang, he sent Sun Ce to attack the latter, promising to make Sun Ce the governor of Lujiang should he succeed. When Sun Ce did, however, Yuan Shu again went back on his words and appointed someone else instead. The disappointed Sun Ce then began to contemplate leaving.
Meanwhile, Liu Yao, who was by imperial decree the governor of Yang Province, occupied Qu'e as the regional seat Shouchun was already occupied by Yuan Shu. He then forced Wu Jing back west across the Yangtze River to Liyang (歷陽; present-day He County, Anhui). However, Yuan Shu claimed to be the rightful governor and sent Wu Jing and Sun Ce's cousin Sun Ben to attack Liu Yao. After they were unable to break down Liu Yao's defences for more than a year, Sun Ce requested to lead forces to assist the effort.
Conquest of Wu territory
Though Yuan Shu knew Sun Ce intended to leave, he believed the latter would not be able to defeat Liu Yao. Thus he deployed the young general off with merely a thousand odd troops and a tiny cavalry force. Along with a few hundred more willing followers, Sun Ce proceeded to Liyang, where he boosted his strength to more than 5,000. He then launched an offensive across the Yangtze River and successfully occupied the strategic position of Niuzhu (牛渚; southwest of present-day Ma'anshan, Anhui) in 195.
Two of Liu Yao's allies then came south from Pengcheng and Xiapi respectively to aid him. Sun Ce chose to first attack one of them, Ze Rong, who made camp south of Moling. After suffering initial defeat in the hands of the aggressor, Ze Rong fell back in defence and refused to engage in battle. Sun Ce then marched further north and attacked Xue Li (薛禮) in Moling. Although Xue Li soon gave up the city and escaped, Liu Yao's subordinate Fan Neng (樊能) and others had regrouped their forces and launched a renewed attack on Niuzhu. Turning back, Sun Ce defeated Fan Neng and secured Niuzhu. He then began a second offensive against Ze Rong. However, he was struck by a stray arrow in the thigh. Returning to Niuzhu, he sent out false words that he was killed in battle. The exulted Ze Rong then sent a force to attack. Sun Ce led the enemies into an ambush and annihilated them. When Ze Rong heard that Sun Ce was still alive, he further reinforced his defences.
Sun Ce then temporarily gave up attacking Ze Rong and focused his forces on Qu'e. After all the surrounding areas were taken over by Sun Ce, Liu Yao gave up the city and escaped south to Nanchang, capital of Yuzhang Commandery, where he died later. Hua Xin, administrator of Yuzhang, joined Sun's forces. As Sun Ce implemented strict discipline among his troops, he won the instant support of the local people and gathered many talented men, such as Chen Wu, Zhou Tai, Jiang Qin, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Qin Song, and Lü Fan. He then pushed his force deeper into Yang Province and conquered Kuaiji along the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay, whose governor Wang Lang surrendered. Sun Ce made Kuaiji his base city and struck out at the wandering bandit army led by Yan Baihu. Yan Baihu sent his younger brother Yan Yu (嚴輿) to offer Sun Ce a position alongside Yan Baihu, but Sun Ce showed no mercy and personally slew the emissary. As Yan Yu was known among Yan Baihu's men as a fierce warrior, his death struck fear into their hearts and they were soon defeated. Sun Ce then appointed his relatives and a trusted subject to govern Danyang and Yuzhang, from which he divided a new commandery named Luling (廬陵). His campaign, from the occupation of Niuzhu to the conquest of the entire region southeast of the Long River, took less than a year. He then defeated and received the services of Zu Lang (祖郎), the Chief of Danyang, and Taishi Ci, the leader of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces; he then urged the surrender of Hua Xin, another one of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces. Thus, with the exception of the scattered but still numerous army of Yan Baihu, the lands south of the Yangtze were mostly pacified.
The barbarians of Shanyue tribe, however, were not easily dealt with. To counter the frequent rebellions of the Shanyue (who would continue to rebel for many years), Sun Ce appointed He Qi to a military rank with orders to subdue the Shanyue. He Qi became a highly successful general later; truly, his appointment by Sun Ce was the first important step to Wu's eventual subjugation of the Shanyue.
Later life
In 197, Yuan Shu declared himself emperor – an act deemed treasonous against the Han dynasty. In a letter to Yuan Shu, Sun Ce denounced the move and broke ties with the former. In an effort to garner support from Sun Ce, the rising warlord Cao Cao then recommended him to be appointed General Who Attacks Rebels (討逆將軍) and enfeoffed as the Marquis of Wu (吳侯). In 199 Yuan Shu died of sickness along with his short-lived Zhong Dynasty. His cousin Yuan Yin (袁胤) feared Cao Cao and gave up Shouchun. Bringing along Yuan Shu's coffin and his former troops, he headed to Wan County (皖縣; present-day Qianshan County, Anhui) to seek refuge under Liu Xun (劉勳). As Liu Xun had insufficient food supplies in his realm to support the additional troops, he led a force south to pillage Haihun (海昏; east of present-day Yongxiu County, Jiangxi).
Sun Ce was en route to attack Huang Zu in Xiakou when he received the news. He then turned back and captured the poorly-defended Wan County, taking over all of Yuan Shu's 30,000 former troops. Hearing that his base city had been taken, Liu Xun headed west and sought help from Huang Zu, who sent a 5,000-strong naval force to assist him. Sun Ce pressed forward and defeated Liu Xun, who escaped north to Cao Cao. Sun Ce annexed more than 2,000 former troops and 1,000 ships of his enemy and came upon Huang Zu. Despite reinforcements from Liu Biao, Huang Zu was utterly defeated. During the battle, Sun Ce slew Liu Biao's officer, Han Xi (韓希), and completely routed Huang Zu's son, Huang She (黃射).
The victorious Sun Ce in 199 looked poised to take over the entire southern China. As he was threatened by rival Yuan Shao in the north and could not divide his attention, Cao Cao attempted to further reinforce the alliance with Sun Ce by marrying the daughter of his relative Cao Ren to Sun Ce's youngest brother Sun Kuang. Sun Ce in turn agreed to marry Sun Ben's daughter to Cao Cao's son Cao Zhang.
The former administrator of Wu Commandery, Xu Gong, had long opposed Sun Ce. Xu Gong wrote to Emperor Xian, recommending the emperor to summon Sun Ce to the capital as he deemed Sun Ce to be a hero comparable to Xiang Yu and too dangerous to be allowed to occupy a territory. However, the letter was intercepted by an official loyal to Sun Ce, who attacked and then had Xu Gong executed. Xu Gong's former servants then kept a low profile and waited for chance to revenge.
In the year 200, Cao Cao engaged in the decisive Battle of Guandu with Yuan Shao along the shores of the Yellow River, leaving the capital and his base city Xuchang poorly guarded. Sun Ce is said to have then plotted to attack Xuchang under the banner of rescuing Emperor Xian, who was a figurehead under Cao Cao's control. Preparations were underway for the military excursion when Sun Ce ran into three former servants of Xu Gong during a solo hunting trip. One of them managed to plant an arrow into Sun Ce's cheek before Sun Ce's men arrived and slew the assassins. Many differing accounts of Sun Ce's death exist (see below). One generally accepted scenario is that he died that same night.
Another possible scenario has Sun Ce living for quite some time. The physician told Sun Ce to rest still for a hundred days to allow the wound to heal, but Sun Ce looked into the mirror one day and, seeing his scar, became so enraged that he slammed his table. The large movement caused the wound to break and he died in the same night. Although he was survived by one son, Sun Ce passed his legacy to his younger brother, Sun Quan. When Sun Quan declared himself emperor of the state of Eastern Wu in 222, he honoured Sun Ce with the posthumous title "Prince Huan of Changsha" (長沙桓王).
Sun Ce was succeeded by a posthumous son, Sun Shao (孫紹), as well as at least two (possibly three) daughters, married to Gu Shao and later Zhu Ji (朱紀), and Lu Xun respectively. Sun Shao bore one son, Sun Feng (孫奉), who was executed by Sun Hao for alleged treason due to his popularity.
Dispute over cause of death
Sun Sheng (孫盛) in his Exposition on Disparities and Similarities (異同評) discounted the theory that Sun Ce made plans to attack Xuchang. He believed that although Sun Ce was a rising power, he was threatened in the west by Huang Zu, who was defeated but not eliminated, in the north by Chen Deng, governor of Guangling Commandery, and in the south by indigenous tribes yet to be assimilated. These prevented Sun Ce from striking far out at Xuchang and moving the emperor to southeastern China. He further argued that Sun Ce died on the fifth day in the fourth month of 200, before the Battle of Guandu even took place.
Pei Songzhi, who annotated the Records of the Three Kingdoms, rebutted Sun Sheng, arguing that Huang Zu was newly broken and had yet to recollect his forces while the indigenous tribes were scattered and not much of a threat. Pei Songzhi believed that the first objective of Sun Ce's planned northward excursion was to attack Chen Deng, which would provide a platform for capturing Xuchang. On the other hand, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had been engaging in skirmishes and small-scale battles before Sun Ce's death. Thus there was in fact no discrepancy in timing.
A historically implausible legend regarding Sun Ce's death involves a popular Taoist priest of his time, Gan Ji (干吉), whom he regarded as a sorcerer. Despite petitions from his subjects and his own mother, Sun Ce ordered Gan Ji's execution. According to In Search of the Supernatural (搜神記) by Gan Bao (干竇), a compilation largely based on legends and hearsay, Sun Ce began to see apparitions of Gan Ji ever since the execution of the latter. After he was injured by assassins, Sun Ce was told by the physician to rest still to allow the wound to heal. However, he looked into the mirror one day and saw Gan Ji's face, whereupon he let out a cry and slammed the mirror. His wound broke and he died shortly. This version was adopted and further dramatised in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which Gan Ji's name was taken to be "Yu Ji" (于吉).
Family
In popular culture
Chinese opera
In Peking opera, Sun Ce's role is usually that of a hero or tragic hero, while his brother, Sun Quan is usually portrayed as a villain at worst or self-seeking at best. Several operas even toy with the idea that Sun Quan had Sun Ce assassinated so that he could take control of the warlord state, though there is no historical evidence to support this view. In the opera Fenghuang Er Qiao, Sun Ce borrows 3,000 troops from Yuan Shu and allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. Sun Ce, the protagonist of the opera, eventually gains Da Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao.
Film and television
In the 1983 Shaw Brothers Studio film The Weird Man, Sun Ce has Yu Ji executed and the sorcerer becomes a vengeful ghost. In this film Sun Ce is portrayed as the anti-hero and Yu Ji as the hero due to the controversy between them in the novel. The 1993 Hong Kong film Ninja in Ancient China is also adapted from this story except Yu Ji's apprentices try to avenge him.
Sha Yi portrayed Sun Ce in the 2010 Chinese television series Three Kingdoms.
Comics and anime
In the anime Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi, Sun Ce fights alongside his father against Dong Zhuo and is befriended by Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei, with whom he trains to become a hero.
The protagonist of the manga/anime Ikki Tousen, Sonsaku Hakufu, is loosely based on the historical figure Sun Ce ("Sonsaku Hakufu" being the Japanese reading of Sun Ce's name and courtesy name). Her guardian, Shuuyu Koukin, bears the same name and personality as Zhou Yu.
In the anime Kōtetsu Sangokushi, Sun Ce is portrayed as a once kind-hearted and virtuous hero who was corrupted by the power of the Imperial Seal, causing him to kill its protector.
In the Chinese manhua The Ravages of Time, Sun Ce is a cunning, ruthless and manipulative character.
Video games
Sun Ce is featured as a playable character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors video game series, as well as Warriors Orochi, a crossover between Dynasty Warriors and Samurai Warriors.
Sun Ce is also a legendary character in Creative Assembly's Total War: Three Kingdoms, the newest part of the Total War video games series which was released on May 23, 2019.
Sun Ce is also a playable character in the fighting game Sango Fighter 2.
Card games
In the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering there is a card named "Sun Ce, Young Conqueror", in the Portal Three Kingdoms set.
![](static/wikilogo.png)
在群雄割據時期,曾待過袁術旗下,但不得其志。在江都向徐州名士張紘討教自己的志向,張紘為孫策規劃出戰略版圖與方向江都對後,而前往壽春向袁術討回父親孫堅舊部等將一千餘人,先後掃蕩江東軍閥諸侯勢力薛禮、笮融、劉繇、嚴白虎、王朗,短短三四年間平定吳越、江東一帶,佔領江東六郡丹楊、會稽、吳郡、廬江、豫章、廬陵。禮賢下士親自拜訪名士禮聘招攬大量賢臣,例如周瑜、張昭、張紘、呂範、虞翻等俊才,為日後孫吳勢力政權發展奠定了良好的基礎。其後因討伐僭號稱帝逆賊袁術有功,建安三年(198年)由司空曹操表奏朝廷命其官位予孫策為討逆將軍,並加封爵位為吳侯。建安五年(200年),孫策遇刺身亡,死前不選擇與自己性格極其相似的三弟孫翊,反而選擇與自己性格大不相同的二弟孫權繼承基業與權力,並授予兵符配以印綬,執掌江東提領孫氏。黃龍元年(229年),孫權登基稱帝後,追諡為長沙桓王。
Read more...: 生平 日月兄弟 總角之交 繼承父志 寄人籬下 廣招賢才 平定江東 渡過長江 詐敗欺敵 佔領丹楊郡|丹楊 武威吳郡 智取會稽郡|會稽 恩斷義絕 討伐偽帝 親迎總角 冰釋前嫌 知人善任 征伐盧江 為父報仇 奠定基業 兄終弟及 追諡為王 特徵 評價 家庭 祖父 父母 伯叔父 舅親 兄弟姐妹 妻妾 子女及後代 藝術形象 小說形象 影視形象 動漫遊戲作品 備註
生平
日月兄弟
吳郡富春孫家是江東仕族,世代仕於吳。父親孫堅據傳是春秋時期軍事家孫武後人,孤微發跡。
熹平四年(175年),孫堅長子孫策出生。母親為吳郡豪族出身的吳夫人,當初懷孕的時候,夢見月亮進去懷裡,隨後生下了孫策。
光和五年(182年),孫堅擔任下邳縣丞的時候孫權出生,吳夫人之前在懷孫權的時候,夢見太陽進去懷裡。之後告訴孫堅說:「妾昔日懷著孫策的時候,夢見月亮入懷裡;如今又夢見太陽入懷裡,為什麼會這樣呢?」孫堅回答:「太陽和月亮,是陰陽的能量精氣,是極其富貴的象徵。我們的子孫大概會興旺吧!。
總角之交
中平元年(184年),朱儁奏請孫堅擔任佐軍司馬,孫堅隨朱儁南征北戰討伐黃巾賊。孫策和家人留居九江郡壽春縣。
中平六年(189年),漢靈帝劉宏逝世,時任長沙郡(治所在今湖南省長沙市)太守的孫堅起兵響應討伐董卓的關東聯軍。這時候孫策有十多歲了,在淮南一帶頗有名氣,出身於盧江的周瑜從廬江郡舒縣隻身前往拜訪身在九江郡壽春縣的孫策,因此而與周瑜結識,周瑜與孫策是熹平四年(175年)出生,由於孫策只年長周瑜一個月,故二人倍感投緣、一見如故。孫策告訴父親孫堅,周瑜的建議遷居盧江舒縣,孫堅接著要參與討伐董卓,同意讓孫策帶母親弟妹同行,而遷居搬到廬江郡舒縣(今安徽省廬江縣西南)。周瑜把周家的道南側大宅讓給孫家母親弟妹居住,還專程拜見孫策的母親吳夫人,對吳夫人行升堂拜母之禮,彼此成為通家之好,吳夫人也將周瑜視為己子,瑜以兄事策,二人情如兄弟,獨相友善,義同斷金,互通無有,共同生活起居。
繼承父志
初平二年(191年),父親孫堅接受袁術的請求而攻打荊州牧劉表,在襄陽之戰中遭遇劉表部下黃祖伏擊中箭身亡。而孫策孫權兄弟二人跟隨袁術。孫堅的軍隊由孫策堂兄孫賁繼承。孫堅死後孫策本應襲爵(烏程侯),但讓給了四弟孫匡。
後來孫策在徐州廣陵江都(今江蘇揚州市江都區)遇見徐州名士張紘,名士張紘也正因為母親去世守孝服喪居住在江都。孫策想要繼承父親孫堅的遺志,但孫策無奈手裏無兵,孫策多次拜訪學問淵博遠近馳名的名士張紘,孫策和他研究天下大勢,孫策首先說出了自己的看法:「目前漢室衰退,天下紛亂,各路英雄豪傑,都結黨營私,自圖發展,沒有人願意扶危濟亂匡扶漢室。先父曾與袁氏(袁紹、袁術)共討董卓,功業未竟,不幸被黃祖所害。我雖年輕且見識淺薄,但卻有心要建立一番事業。打算先投奔袁術,請求他歸還舊部餘眾;前往投靠身在天下精兵郡地丹楊的舅父吳景,收集流散兵士,凝聚人心;東據吳郡(今江蘇吳縣)、會稽(今浙江紹興,為父報仇雪恥,做服從朝廷的外藩。您覺得如何呢?」張紘推託說:「我見識淺陋,況且又服喪在身,對您的事,實在難以幫忙。」孫策進一步請教張紘:「您的大名,遠近馳名,名聞遐邇。四方之人,無不嚮往仰慕。我的這些計畫打算,成與不成,由您一言而決。懇求您一定要對我直言相告。如果我志向得伸,父仇得報,絕對不會忘記您的教悔之恩。」說到動情之處,孫策漸漸不知不覺落下淚來。張紘見孫策言辭慷慨激昂,神色間流露著忠狀之氣,深受感動,終於對孫策說出了自己的看法:「當年周朝王道陵遲,齊桓公、晉文公才能應運而起;王室一旦安寧,諸侯就只能貢奉周朝,盡臣子的職分了。您繼承父輩威烈,驍勇善戰,若能投靠丹陽,召集吳郡、會稽兵馬,那麼,荊、揚二州自可掃平,報仇雪恨也指日可待。那時您憑據長江,奮發威德,掃除群雄,匡輔漢室,所建立起的功業,絕對不會亞於齊桓公、晉文公,定會功垂千古,流芳萬世,豈止作一個外藩諸侯呢?目前世亂多難,如果您想建功立業,就應當南渡,我將與我的好友一起前去支持您。」
孫策聽了張紘的一番話語,心中鼓盪難平:「一言為定!我與您互不違背諾言,不背叛彼此,我馬上開始展開行動!只是我上有母親、下有弟妹,不便同行,現在都託付給您。希望您多加照顧我的家人,使我無後顧之憂。」
寄人籬下
初平四年(193年),孫策趕往壽春,去面見袁術,當時只有呂範和孫河朝夕不離,伴隨在孫策身邊。他流著眼淚對袁術說出了自己的想法:「先父孫堅昔日從長沙興起義兵,加入會盟討伐董卓,與明公會合於南陽,締結同盟彼此友好,然而不幸遇害,尚未建立功業。我孫策感激先人舊恩,欲以自己交結豪傑,創功立業,願明公明察我的誠心。」袁術對孫策聆聽其語言,觀察其舉止,知道孫策暗藏大志,絕非寄人籬下,久居人下者。但要馬上將其令尊孫堅,餘部兵將數千人還給他,自己絕不甘心。於是,袁術推辭便說:「我已經任命你的舅父吳景為丹楊太守、你的堂兄孫賁(字伯陽)為丹楊都尉。丹楊可是天下出精兵的郡地,你可前去投奔依附他們,召募義兵。」因為徐州州牧陶謙非常忌憚孫策,孫策的舅舅吳景當時任丹楊郡(治所在宛陵縣,今安徽省宣城市)太守,但未到任,留在吳郡曲阿縣(今江蘇省丹陽市),身處江都的母親吳夫人,於是孫策就帶著母親遷居回到曲阿,與呂範、孫河一起投靠吳景,並依賴吳景召募到了數百人。但是不幸遭到涇縣山賊總帥祖郎的襲擊,差一點丟了性命。後來聽取舅父吳景之諫言與孫河、呂範合兵一處共同發兵攻擊祖郎,祖郎敗退。
朝廷官員太傅馬日磾持節安撫關東,在壽春以禮徵召孫策,並表奏朝廷任命孫策為懷義校尉。袁術麾下的大將橋蕤、張勳等人都對孫策相當敬重。就連袁術也常當眾嘆息說:「我袁術如果有孫郎這樣的兒子,死又有何怨恨!」孫策部下有一個騎兵,犯罪後為逃避罪責,逃進了袁術軍營,躲藏在馬廄裡面。孫策派兵士追捕,大膽地直奔袁術營中,將罪犯捕獲並就地正法。事件結束後,孫策前往袁術軍營帳,向袁術說明事件經過,隨後道歉謝罪。袁術說:「兵士叛亂無常,你應當懲處,有甚麼好謝罪的呢?」從此袁術軍中將士更加敬畏忌憚孫策。
袁術為人反覆,屢屢言而無信,起初他許諾任用孫策為九江太守,不久,卻改用丹陽人陳紀。後來,袁術攻打徐州,向廬江(治舒城縣,即今安徽舒城縣)太守陸康索求三萬斛軍糧,陸康不給,袁術大怒。正巧孫策以前曾去拜訪陸康,陸康只讓主簿接待,自己卻不出來迎接孫策,為此,孫策怨恨陸康有輕視之意,便懷恨在心。袁術就派孫策去攻打陸康,並且許諾:「之前我錯用陳紀,經常後悔自己用錯人了。如果這次你拿下陸康,廬江郡就是你的了。」孫策奉命征討,拿下廬江後,袁術居然又出爾反爾,任用他的老部下劉勛當了廬江太守。孫策對袁術一次比一次感到失望。心中盤算著不能再繼續待在袁術麾下,不然則沒有出頭之日。
廣招賢才
興平元年 (194年),漢獻帝劉協派劉繇擔任揚州刺史,揚州過去的治所是壽春,而壽春已被袁術佔領,劉繇渡過長江在曲阿作為立足根據地,用武力將吳景、孫賁二人驅逐,吳景、孫賁二人無奈只好退回歷陽,劉繇派遣樊能、于糜防守橫江津口,張英防守當利口,企圖以長江為分界抗拒袁術。袁術則任用自己的部下惠衢為揚州刺史,以吳景為督軍中郎將,和孫賁一起率兵攻擊張英,但戰況毫無進展相持不下,好幾個月都未能攻克下來。孫堅舊部朱治以袁術政德不修為由,進諫勸孫策設法渡江回父祖世居之地的江東藉此獨立,孫策前去說服袁術,並乞求幫助舅父吳景。假為幫助舅父吳景、擊退劉繇,實為攻佔江東、建立據點。最終孫策同意且經過朱治與呂範的進諫與討論後,於是孫策就去晉見袁術,孫策對袁術說:「我家舊日對江東人多有恩義,我願帶兵去幫助舅父征伐橫江,攻陷橫江後,即返故鄉,召募壯士,可以集結到三萬人,用以輔佐將軍,平定天下。」孫策再次向袁術要求換回父親舊部一千多人馬,同時也換回自由之身,袁術先後知道孫策對自己有所埋怨,但又分析江東的各諸侯勢力及其實力後(揚州刺史劉繇、東吳德王嚴白虎、會稽太守王朗),認為江東尚有幾股割據勢力存在,孫策未必能成功,便同意讓孫策領回父親舊部,袁術奏表孫策為殄寇將軍,官職為折衝校尉。並只給他配備一千多的士卒及相應的軍需品,戰馬幾十匹,而呂範的門客中全數交給孫策。孫策最終向袁術取回父親舊部程普、黃蓋、韓當、朱治等驍勇宿將,又得族兄至親等孫河、呂範、徐琨,還有家族勢力孫靜、孫賁、孫輔、孫權的支持下。前往舅父吳景的屯兵駐地歷陽(今安徽省馬鞍山市和縣)意欲與舅父合兵的路途中,路上不斷有人來投奔,孫策軍隊漸漸壯大起來,到歷陽時,已經有五六千多人。孫策的母親已先從曲阿遷來歷陽,孫策又將母親遷往阜陵居住。然後渡江轉戰,所向勢如破竹,無人敢與他交鋒,而且軍令很嚴整,百姓們都很擁戴他。
孫策徵得袁術許可,孫策起兵準備東渡長江時,以書信告知周瑜,周瑜立刻率兵五百人,並支援船筏糧草兵器軍械等物資,響應孫策的行動,周瑜星夜馳援孫策。孫策見到周瑜後,非常高興的說:「我得到你,事可成了。」先後又親自拜訪聘請名士周瑜、張昭、張紘出來輔佐孫策,又收納海賊出身的將領周泰、蔣欽、陳武、宋謙、凌操等人也先後前來歸順孫策麾下,助其孫策收復故土平定吳郡、會稽、丹楊等郡地建立起根據地盤。
平定江東
渡過長江
興平二年(195年),孫策東渡長江攻打江東時,其弟孫權跟隨孫策作戰,商議軍政戰略時經常提出不同的計略,孫策感到很驚奇,自認為計謀不如他。每當宴請賓客時,孫策常常回頭看著二弟孫權說:「這些人,以後都會是你的臣下。」孫策首先率軍打敗了位於長江南岸牛渚營(今安徽馬鞍山市採石鎮)的劉繇,拾獲存庫中所有糧草和兵器護具。軍力越發強大。由橫江進攻樊能、于糜,又在當利襲擊張英。 當時部隊中的船隻很少,孫策準備停下來派人四處去收集船筏。當時,孫氏(徐琨之母、孫策之姑、孫堅之妹)亦在孫策軍中參與軍議,她對兒子徐琨說:「恐怕州裏會多派出水軍來抵禦,這樣就不利了,怎麼可以駐守不動呢?應當砍伐蘆葦編為筏,輔助船隊渡兵。」徐琨將這番話告訴孫策後,孫策立即實行,以船筏率眾渡江,會引起敵軍的警備,以蘆葦快速渡江,解決了必須儘快渡過長江以免劉繇有時間憑藉水軍守備長江而失去戰機的問題。眾悉俱濟,遂破張英,擊走笮融、劉繇,佔領丹陽郡,部隊全部渡過長江到達了南岸,馬上發起進攻,擊潰了張英在當利口的守備軍。成功占據了長江邊上的兩個重要渡口(橫江、當利)。
詐敗欺敵
當時,彭城相薛禮、下邳相笮融都依附劉繇,奉他為盟主薛禮占據秣陵城(今南京江寧秣陵關),而笮融駐紮在秣陵縣南。孫策首先攻打笮融,斬殺五萬多人,笮融膽都嚇破了,緊閉營門,不敢妄動。孫策轉而揮師攻打薛禮,薛禮不敵而逃走。這時樊能、于麋等人聚集萬餘兵士企圖來奪回牛渚營。孫策立即回軍,打敗他們,俘獲萬餘人。然後重新進攻笮融:戰鬥中,孫策腿部中箭,無法騎馬,部下抬他回營療傷。為了誘出緊守營門避而不出的笮融,孫策藉此乘機對外放出謠言,說自己已經戰死,企圖引誘笮融出城前來進攻。笮融的軍卒對笮融說:「孫郎被箭射死了!」當時,孫策也才二十來歲,雖有官位名號,但人們還是都叫他「孫郎」。笮融聽聞孫策死訊,大為高興,派將士與孫策部隊對壘。孫策心中想以欺敵詐敗的戰術來迎接勝利。首先派幾百兵馬挑戰誘敵,而在後面設好伏兵。敵兵出擊,孫策的軍隊假裝為潰敗之勢,引敵進入包圍圈中,然後一聲號令之下,伏兵盡起,斬殺一千多敵人。孫策乘勝進攻笮融營地,並命手下將士高聲喊話:「孫郎如何?」聲撼敵營,地動山搖,嚇得不少敵兵連夜奔逃。笮融見孫策還健在,越發警惕小心,深溝高壘,嚴加守備。孫策以笮融所屯地勢險固,易守難攻,孫策於是放棄進攻笮融,轉向進攻劉繇別部屯兵的海陵,攻下海陵後,接著進攻湖孰(今南京江寧湖熟鎮)、江乘(今江蘇省南京市棲霞區),二城皆破。
佔領丹楊郡|丹楊
孫策來到曲阿並以曲阿為據點,孫策與揚州刺史劉繇進行決戰曲阿之戰。大敗劉繇後,在神亭嶺遇到了從山東前來拜見劉繇並任其斥候的太史慈,並且爆發了神亭嶺之戰。孫策創建基業時,張紘前往投靠。孫策表奏其為正議校尉,跟隨孫策征伐丹楊。孫策親臨戰鬥前線,張紘勸諫說:「主將乃是籌劃謀策的角色,三軍全依託繫命於他,不可輕率行動,親身與賊寇對陣相鬥。願您能珍重上天授予您的才幹,符合四海之望,別讓全國上下為您的安危而擔心受怕。」當時太史慈一騎面對孫策十三騎,孫策十三騎是程普、黃蓋等輩,太史慈與孫策二人單挑一百多回合,二人武藝不分伯仲打得難分難解、不分勝負,孫策搶奪太史慈的背後手戟,太史慈搶走孫策的頭上兜鍪。後來劉繇與太史慈不敵孫策,劉繇放棄丹徒,往西奔逃豫章,潛藏於蕪湖,逃亡進入山裡,並自稱丹楊太守。當時孫策已平定宣城以東,惟涇水以西六縣尚未服從。孫策勞賜將士,發布文告,告知諸縣:「劉繇、笮融的鄉人和部下來投降的,一概不問;願意從軍的,可以從軍,並免除全家賦稅徭役;如果不願從軍,絕不勉強。」文告發布後,來歸附者由四面八方雲集風湧,不久時間,就招得士卒兩萬多,徵集得軍馬千餘匹。不久,劉繇又放棄丹徒西逃,孫策于是奪取吳郡。與此同時,朱治從錢塘進攻吳郡,吳郡太守許貢在由拳抵抗朱治,朱治大敗許貢,許貢逃走依附嚴白虎。孫策的部隊已經有萬餘人之多,增加呂範的部眾兵馬二千兵,馬五十匹,孫策認為接下來可以自己拿下吳郡與會稽二郡與平定山越,而孫策對周瑜說:「我以這班士兵奪取吳郡會稽郡、平定山越已足夠,你先回去鎮守丹楊。」周瑜遂回師鎮守丹楊。後來袁術派遣族弟袁胤佔領丹楊,取代了周瑜的叔父周尚,周瑜與周尚返回壽春。
武威吳郡
建安元年(196年),孫策率兵先攻吳郡嚴白虎、後攻會稽王朗。當時出身吳郡人嚴白虎等。糾群結伙,聚眾數萬,處處屯聚造反,給孫策造成很大威脅。吳景等將領建議先擊破嚴白虎等。孫策說:「嚴白虎等人心無大志,先不用擔心,一戰就可擒獲。」隨後,於是引兵渡過浙江,進攻吳郡,屠東冶,嚴白虎與自稱吳郡太守的陳瑀(陳登同族叔父)聯合對抗孫策的軍勢。孫策先命吳景出兵,與嚴白虎交戰,大勝,嚴白虎逃到會稽,並進行屠城,嚴白虎於是高壘堅守,派其弟嚴輿求和,孫策答應,嚴輿便跟孫策單獨見面,孫策拿起鋒利的刀子砍向談判桌席,嚴輿身體晃動閃躲。孫策笑著對嚴輿說:「我聽說你可以坐著跳起來,身手矯捷,非比尋常,所以跟你開個玩笑罷了。」嚴輿回答:「我是看到刀子才會這樣。」孫策聽了他這句話,知道他其實懦弱無能,於是立刻用手戟刺向嚴輿,把他刺死了。由於嚴輿在嚴白虎軍中素有勇力,於是聽聞其弟嚴輿的死,使嚴白虎對孫策感到畏懼,嚴白虎抵抗不住,往餘杭抗奔許昭。程普請命發動追擊許昭,孫策說:「許昭對舊君講忠義,對故友講誠信,這是大丈夫的志氣。」於是放棄攻擊。嚴白虎此後下落不明。
智取會稽郡|會稽
孫策進攻會稽,派人請來叔父孫靜,孫靜將家屬與孫策會合於錢塘江,這時會稽太守王朗部下功曹虞翻曾進言道:「孫策善於用兵,不如暫避其鋒。」但王朗不聽從,並且發兵屯於固陵而抗孫策。孫策數次渡水而戰,皆不能攻下。這時叔父孫靜獻策採取聲東擊西之計:「王朗憑險固守城池,很難馬上攻破。從這裡向南數十里是查瀆,是通向會稽道路的要害之地,應當從那裡進入王朗的後方。正所謂攻其不備,出其不意。」我自當為總帥,率軍作為先鋒前軍,必定能將城池攻克。孫策聽完並採取叔父孫靜的計策。假意命令全軍說:「近日來連雨混濁,兵士喝了這些水大多腹痛,命令趕快備置瓦缸數百口澄清飲水。」晚上時,命士兵燃火以作疑兵,並分軍往查瀆道,突襲高遷屯。王朗大驚,遣故丹楊太守周昕等率兵迎戰,孫策擊破周昕等,並斬周昕,於是平定了會稽。王朗於是逃走,虞翻追隨著王朗,行至東冶,被孫策追擊,大敗王朗軍,攻破會稽後孫策亦曾派張昭勸王朗為他效命,但王朗堅決不肯,孫策繼而自領會稽太守,並命虞翻為功曹,待以交友之禮。出身會稽的董襲在高遷亭迎接孫策,孫策見他甚為奇貌雄偉。正值山陰賊領黃龍羅、周勃聚集數千人叛亂,孫策親自出兵討伐,董襲追隨孫策從軍鎮壓叛亂,董襲成功手刃斬殺黃龍羅、周勃二位賊將,因戰功而封拜為別部司馬,增其數千兵,升為揚武都尉。此時孫策已佔領丹楊、會稽、吳郡三郡。
年僅15歲的孫權被朱治舉孝廉、嚴象舉為茂才,任陽羨長(今江蘇宜興),代行奉義校尉,孫策開始給東漢朝廷進貢,孫策遣使派遣奉正都尉劉由、五官掾高承拿著孫策的奏章造訪許都,並向朝廷進貢禮品。朝廷派劉琬前往江東授予孫策官爵,漢朝遣使者劉琬為孫策加錫命之時看見孫權,形容孫權的相貌高大挺拔。劉琬對眾人說:「我看孫家的兄弟,雖然各個都才華橫溢,智慧通達,然而都是榮華福貴且不長久。唯有次男孫權孝廉,身材高大挺拔,相貌奇偉異於常人,骨骼不凡,方頤大口,目有精光,上長下短,有大貴之表,而且會是你們孫氏兄弟最長壽的,你們等著瞧吧。」(孫策26歲,孫權71歲,孫翊21歲,孫匡20餘歲。)
恩斷義絕
建安二年(197年),袁術以傳國玉璽僭越稱帝後,本想招攬周瑜,但周瑜認為袁術終究一事無成,不願背離孫策而出仕袁術。便託辭請求回居巢出任縣長,意欲等待機會回到孫策身邊,袁術聽信了周瑜的請求,周瑜卻尋機從居巢東渡長江。之後孫策派遣張紘給袁術書信,力勸喻其不可為,袁術不聽所勸,孫策與袁術恩斷義絕並不再有來往。孫策紛紛寫信給袁術帳下的舅父廣陵太守吳景、堂兄丹陽都尉孫賁、族兄汝南太守孫香、少友居巢長周瑜,要他們也和袁術決裂。吳景、孫賁、孫香、周瑜、魯肅全部響應孫策的號召並前往江東投靠孫策。另一方面袁術得知孫策幾乎盡得江東一帶的領土了,袁術族弟袁胤仍然佔領著丹陽,但孫策派表兄徐琨取代袁胤。等待舅父吳景歸來,吳景以前在丹楊當官,寬厚仁德施恩,深得官吏子民之心,徐琨截走袁胤許多部眾,忌憚徐琨鎮守丹楊,丹楊又是天下出精兵的郡地,兵力急遽增多而遭到孫策猜忌提防,改讓徐琨以督軍中郎將職位掌兵,舅父吳景回江東後,以吳景較為親民,而丹楊郡民也較為親附吳景,孫策任命其為丹陽太守,而將表兄徐琨召回吳郡防守後方的山越。而堂兄孫賁回到江東後,孫策已經占據江東三郡之地吳郡、會稽、丹楊,袁術因此失去了廣陵和孫策攻佔的江東地區,對華南的影響力急遽下降。袁術已經無法駕馭孫策,族兄弟孫香則在袁術帳下,意欲回江東投靠孫策,無奈路途遙遠病死於壽春。
討伐偽帝
同年(197年)夏,曹操派議郎王誧下詔書給孫策,並任命他為騎都尉,承襲父爵烏程侯,兼任會稽郡太守。孫策覺得自己統領兵馬,騎都尉的職位有點低,想得到個將軍的封號以自重。派人向王誧微露其意。王誧當即以皇帝的名義宣布孫策代明漢將軍。孫策回表拜謝朝廷,並命他與呂布、陳瑀等一起討伐袁術謀劃軍機,分析形勢。但他率軍走到錢塘時,情況卻發生了變化。原來陳瑀想要乘討伐袁術的時候奪取孫策的地盤。他派人秘密渡江,拿著三十多個印信給宣城、涇縣、陵陽、始安、黟縣、歙縣等地的賊帥焦已及吳郡嚴白虎等,讓他們做內應,等孫策的部隊一開拔,馬上攻取他的郡縣。孫策發現這一陰謀,大怒,派呂範、徐逸統兵直奔海西(今江蘇東海),大破陳瑀,俘獲他的將士、妻兒等共四千多人。陳瑀往北投奔袁紹。
袁術派張勳率軍二十萬攻呂布於徐州。軍隊分七路:張勳領中軍,橋蕤、雷薄、韓暹為左翼軍,陳紀、陳蘭、楊奉為右翼軍。每個將領都分別受命攻陷特定城鎮。
呂布由哨騎探知張勳的目標是攻克徐州;其他將領分別受命被攻打的城鎮有小沛、沂都、琅琊、碣石、下邳和浚山。袁術軍每日前進二十里,於路劫掠鄉野。當呂布與謀士商議時,陳宮指責陳珪和陳登招禍。但陳登卻笑陳宮懦弱,並獻擊敗袁術之計。呂布同意了,並命其實施。呂布上表朝廷傳達對付袁術的戰略。
呂布追擊,遭遇袁術親自率軍。馬背上的袁術身披金甲,腕懸兩刀,厲聲責罵呂布並派部將李豐出戰。戰不到三回合,李豐手受傷,棄槍而走。呂布麾兵衝殺並獲勝,敵軍逃散,丟下馬匹衣甲無數。袁術軍沒跑遠就遭遇關羽所部軍隊,傷亡慘重,僅率少數士兵逃走。呂布獲勝後和關羽及背叛袁術來投的韓暹、楊奉回徐州。呂布設宴慶功並保舉楊奉為琅琊牧,韓暹為沂都牧。在陳珪建議下,他們立即各自赴任。
戰敗的袁術遭到曹操、呂布、孫策圍攻。袁術乏糧,劫掠陳留。曹操親率軍隊攻袁術,並寫信給劉備、呂布、孫策,要他們協同進攻。劉備首先響應,與曹操會師時展示韓暹、楊奉的首級,稱他們在徐州任上縱兵掠民。曹操感謝劉備除掉了他們。呂布到後,曹操善言撫慰,許諾回到許昌後就給以徐州牧官印,呂布大喜過望。三軍合兵,曹操領中軍,呂布在左,劉備在右,夏侯惇、于禁為先鋒。橋蕤率袁術先鋒軍在壽春界口遭遇夏侯惇。夏侯惇出馬,戰不到三回合殺死橋蕤,橋蕤軍撤入城中。孫策軍奔西面而來,即將到達。其餘三軍也各攻一面,曹操攻北面,劉備攻南面,孫策攻西面,呂布攻東面。袁術見身處絕境,命李豐、樂就、梁綱、陳紀率軍十萬守壽春,收拾庫藏率餘部渡淮出逃。
曹操軍每日需要大量糧食,壽春周邊又遭數年饑荒,無以接濟。因此,曹操催促軍隊速戰,壽春守軍卻試圖儘量拖延戰事。圍城一月有餘,毫無進展。曹操糧食將盡,寫信向孫策借得糧米十萬斛。此後曹操的戰略確保聯軍不停攻城以儘早結束圍城。聯軍登城破門,被圍的守軍被俘。李豐、樂就、梁綱、陳紀都被生擒並當眾處決。袁術仲氏政權所造的宮殿皇室和金銀財寶之物皆被焚毀,城池被劫掠一空。袁術未被追殺,三軍也各自班師回領地。
孫策返回江東後親自率軍擊敗當地的鄒他、錢銅、王晟、嚴白虎等多處殘餘江東勢力。
親迎總角
建安三年(198年),周瑜見袁術稱帝後,周圍勢力(西北方兗州的曹操與東北方徐州的呂布和劉備)紛紛攻打袁術,勢力而急遽衰退,便取道於居巢東渡長江到了江東,周瑜向東遷徙投奔摯友孫策。剛結識不久的魯肅便一起同行,留家眷在曲阿。孫策親自迎接周瑜,並授予他為建威中郎將,增加二千兵卒為周瑜部曲,賜予軍馬五十匹,又給周瑜鼓吹號角軍用樂隊,為其興建房舍庭院,當時在孫策帳下受封賞賜的將領無人能超越周瑜。孫策當著眾將面下令道:「周公瑾才華傑出,與我是從少相識的好朋友,有兄弟的情義。就像之前在丹楊,就是他徵召人手及船筏糧草才能成就大事,若要計算他的功勞,這些賞賜也尚未足夠報答公瑾啊。」就在同時周瑜引薦了魯肅,孫策對魯肅的才能十分驚奇,正準備任用魯肅時恰逢魯肅的祖母因病去世,魯肅盡孝道扶送祖母的靈柩回東城安葬治喪。
同年,孫策又向朝廷許都貢獻禮物,貢獻規模是建安元年(196年)的兩倍。孫策因討伐稱帝的逆賊袁術有戰功,官拜討逆將軍,封吳侯。
冰釋前嫌
同年(198年),袁術攏絡孫策後方的山賊勢力,並派人送給祖郎印綬,讓他聯合山越圍攻孫策。所幸程普與一騎奮勇殺入重圍,策馬疾呼,以戰矛突破賊軍包圍,孫策因此隨程普衝出來。在戰後孫策表揚程普救命之功,拜盪蔻中郎將,領零陵太守。而太史慈進駐涇縣,建立屯府,多數為山越所依附。孫策率周瑜、孫輔、呂範、程普等再次親往征討祖郎,留二弟孫權、護衛周泰及數百人的兵卒在宣城防守,但是守軍,軍無鬥志士氣低落,而且宣城尚未做好防護工事,遭到響應袁術煽動的山越首領潘臨,率領數千山越前來攻擊宣城,其他士卒都因為山越突襲而一片慌亂,唯獨周泰處變不驚、臨危不懼,勇於保護孫權,左右士卒見周泰異常冷靜、勇猛果敢、身先士卒也受到周泰的激昂而振奮兵心,士氣大振,也迅速安定下來與山越戰鬥,山越被擊敗後。孫策征伐祖郎班師後,發現周泰有十二處刀傷,傷勢十分嚴重,經過很久的療養才痊癒。孫策讚賞周泰奮勇保護孫權,讓他出任春谷縣長。孫權在周泰的保護之下得以倖免。孫策在陵陽(今安徽青陽縣東南)擒獲祖郎。祖郎惶懼,孫策安慰他說:「當年你襲擊我,刀都砍在我的馬鞍上了,幾乎使我喪命。當今我要建功立業,只求人才,往日恩怨自當將之捨棄,過往之事不怪罪於你,對天下人都一樣,不只你而已,請你不要惶恐害怕。」祖郎叩頭稱謝,孫策拜他為門下賊曹。
知人善任
同年(198年),孫策又率軍攻打位於勇里(今安徽涇縣西北)的太史慈,孫策想收降太史慈,周瑜向孫策獻策採取無中生有之計,孫策軍兵分三路,從三面攻打勇里,只留東面讓太史慈逃跑,事先於城東外埋伏,讓太史慈以為有路逃,在路上埋伏把太史慈綁了起來,孫策先是降服太史慈,接著親自為太史慈鬆綁繩縛,此舉令太史慈大為感動,並抓著太史慈的手:「記得當初與你相識於神亭嶺一戰?如果你當時擒獲我,會如何處置我?」太史慈曰:「我不知道。」孫策大笑曰: 「從今日起,我當與你一同共創大業。」即拜太史慈為門下督,孫策還吳班師的時候授予兵權,並以祖郎、太史慈二人領軍在前為前導軍,全軍都感到十分榮耀。
建安四年(199年),孫策得知位於豫章劉繇病逝的消息,劉繇旗下的部眾推舉華歆為盟主。華歆因為沒有朝廷的皇命,赴任不是人臣的合適做法加以拒絕。但百姓竟在豫章太守府外守候了幾個月,最終還是被他婉言勸回。太史慈認為劉繇新喪,旗下軍士無人依附且軍心渙散。孫策命令太史慈前往安撫劉繇餘眾一萬多兵卒,孫策對太史慈說道:「劉州牧(劉繇)以往譴責我為袁術征伐廬江,我先父(孫堅)兵將數千人,盡在袁術手中,我志在立事創業,不得不屈就於袁術,謀求討回先父兵將?其後不遵臣節,諫之不從。丈夫義交,苟有大故,不得不離。我交求袁術及絕之本末如此,今劉繇喪亡,恨不及其生時與共論辯也。兒子劉基在豫章,你前往探視,並且宣示我的意思給劉繇的散卒。散卒願意者可來我麾下就來,不願意者可不來並且好言善慰。並觀看華歆是否讓百姓都依附於他,還有他的志向如何。你需要多少兵將,我幫你準備。」太史慈回答道:「我太史慈有無法被赦免的罪責,將軍如同齊桓公、晉文公,我當盡死效忠報答您的恩德。現在最好養息休兵,帶去的兵卒不可太多,隨從數十人就足夠了。」孫策麾下諸將皆認為:「太史慈此去必不回來了。」孫策還很有自信的說:「(太史慈)子義他捨棄了我,還可以投奔誰呢!」更替臨行前送別至昌門,太史慈臨行前,握著太史慈的手問:「何時能夠歸來?」太史慈答道:「不過六十日。」太史慈走後不久,孫策帳下將領議論太史慈的很多。孫策對眾將說:「大家切勿多言,我識人眼光是不會錯的。太史慈這人有勇略有膽識,然而卻不是割據一方之人,其心秉持志經道義,貴重然諾,我已許他為知己,身死也不負所託之事,請大家不要再憂心煩惱。」太史慈果然如期而返,孫策表揚太史慈招降劉軍之功而拜其為折衝中郎將,孫策與太史慈推心置腹的信任成為一時佳話。太史慈探討豫章的情況,對孫策說:「華歆是個賢良有德之人,然而無籌略之才,並無攻城掠地的意圖,只是自守一方。丹陽僮芝擅自進入廬陵,詐言被詔書稱為太守,鄱陽民帥別立宗部,阻兵守界,不受華歆所派遣的官吏調遣,並揚言『我已別立郡海昏上繚,不受發召』華歆睹視之而已。」孫策拍掌大笑,已有吞併豫章的志向了。
征伐盧江
同年(199年),孫策正準備與曹操、董承、劉璋聯合討伐劉表和強弩之末的袁術,軍隊已經整裝待發。卻在此時身在壽春的袁術,討不到蜜水,只能喝血水,袁術自責羞愧大喊:「袁公路何以至此。」並吐血身亡。袁術病逝於壽春後,袁術的長史楊弘、大將軍張勳意欲率袁術敗兵投奔以前身在袁術帳下的孫策,不料被廬江太守劉勳截擊,全軍被俘虜。而袁術的族弟袁胤、其子袁耀、其女袁夫人、女壻黃猗及其家族眾人等,也畏於曹操的實力,不敢繼續待在壽春,抬著袁術的棺木,帶領袁術的家小和部曲男女,到皖城投奔劉勳。劉勳的兵力驟然大增,但糧草不繼。劉勳便派堂弟劉偕向豫章太守華歆借糧,華歆也正缺糧,只好派人領著劉偕到海昏(今江西奉新縣西)、上繚(今江西永修縣),向劉繇的舊部告借三萬斛。劉偕去了一個多月,才借得兩千斛,於是報告劉勳,並讓劉勳領兵前來攻襲。
周瑜身在舒城練兵,出備牛渚,後再領春穀長。不久,孫策發兵攻荊州,以周瑜為中護軍,領江夏太守(當時江夏還在黃祖手上並不是孫軍領下),當時劉勳兵力太強,孫策忌憚劉勳兵力太多而成為威脅,孫策想借機剪除削弱他的勢力,展開了攻襲劉勳盧江的皖城之戰,也寫信來勸劉勳攻襲海昏、上繚。信中,孫策屈己下人,說:「上繚地方十分富饒,希望您能興兵討伐,我願出兵做您的外援。」劉勳相信孫策,更因收得財寶而十分高興,各人都祝賀,但劉曄則不感喜悅。劉勳詢問,劉曄則說:「上繚雖小,城防堅固,易守難攻非幾日就能攻下,然而兵馬疲憊在外,而國內空虛。孫策必乘我國空虛而前來攻襲我們,後方不敵無法防守。你進軍必被敵方屈人之兵,退無歸路。倘若軍隊今天出去,禍害今天就會到來了。」但劉勳不聽,堅持出兵。劉勳決定攻取上繚。他悄悄率軍經過彭澤,來到海昏地方。後來孫策分海昏、建昌設左右六縣,委任太史慈為建昌都尉,駐守海昏,並督領各將還擊以驍勇著稱、曾數次作亂於艾縣、西安縣一帶的劉表從子劉磐、劉表麾下黃忠。太史慈成功鎮服守地,令劉磐絕跡江東,不再為禍作亂。當地守將堅壁清野,留下一座空城,劉勳一無所穫。當時,孫策引兵西征黃祖,正走到石城(今安徽貴池縣西),聽說劉勳已到海昏,立即讓二位堂兄孫賁、孫輔率領人馬駐紮在彭澤,准備攔擊劉勳,自己則與周瑜率兵兩萬進軍,前來攻襲劉勳的大本營皖城,一舉攻克,俘虜包括劉勳妻子,袁術妻子及橋公二女在內的三萬多人。橋公二女「江東二橋」大橋、小橋皆有過人美貌,大橋嫁給孫策,小橋嫁給周瑜。將所得人眾,後再進逼尋陽,全部移往吳地。於是,任命李術為廬江太守,撥給他三千人馬保守皖城,而留周瑜鎮守巴丘。劉勳聞訊大驚,星夜回軍彭澤,孫賁、孫輔出兵截殺,劉勳大敗,逃往劉勛退入楚江(今長江),又經尋陽到置馬亭,聽說孫策已經率軍攻克了皖城,又逃到了西塞,接著又逃往流沂(今湖北鄂城),投奔曹操。孫策佔領廬江後,降服許多盧江人,孫策將這些人當中挑選為盧江兵,交給麾下盧江本地人的虎臣陳武訓練為盧江精銳。
為父報仇
同年十二月辛亥(200年1月11日),孫策西征江夏進軍至江夏沙羨縣一帶,與殺父仇人黃祖爆發沙羡之戰,劉表派侄子劉虎和南陽人韓唏帶領長矛隊五千人趕來支援黃祖。孫策帶領二弟孫權、摯友周瑜、至親呂範、老將程普、黃蓋、韓當等將領同時並進,與仇敵黃祖在沙羨一帶展開大戰,黃祖幾乎全軍覆沒,韓唏戰死,黃祖隻身逃走,士卒溺死者達萬人,孫策繳獲戰船六千艘。孫策在給朝廷的奏摺中說:「臣身跨馬陣,手擊急鼓,以齊戰勢。吏士奮激,踊躍百倍。心精意果,各競用命。越渡重塹,迅疾若飛。火飛上風,兵激煙下,弓弩齊發,流矢雨集。可謂驚心動魄」。可見戰況之激烈。曹操在收到戰報後感嘆:「猘兒難與爭鋒也」。
奠定基業
孫策大敗黃祖後東進豫章,駐軍椒丘(江西新建縣北),對虞翻說:「華歆名聞于世,但絕非我的對手。如果不早歸附,將來金鼓一震,戰局一開,生靈塗炭,在所難免。你先進城去,把我的意思說給他聽。」虞翻領命進城,見到豫章太守華歆,陳明利害,華歆舉城投降。經此一役,孫策又收穫豫章、廬江二郡,並從豫章郡中分出一部分,設立了廬陵郡。連同之前所獲得的吳郡、會稽、丹楊一共有六郡。孫策將原有長吏全部更換,吳郡太守因為有「本籍迴避制」,身為吳郡人的孫家人不能擔任太守,孫策轉而自領會稽太守,任命舅父吳景為丹陽太守,以堂兄(孫羌長子)孫賁為豫章太守,孫賁之弟(孫羌次子)孫輔為廬陵太守,老將朱治為吳郡太守,李術為廬江太守。彭城張昭、廣陵張紘、秦松、陳端等為謀主,孫策留中護軍周瑜鎮守巴丘,派遣孫河駐守吳郡烏程縣,以及叔父孫靜等宗室堂親孫瑜等人固守江東,派遣太史慈為建昌都尉,治理防守海昏,抵擋劉表從子劉磐,使劉磐與黃忠不敢侵襲江東。孫策之所以能夠在短短三四年間轉戰千里,平定江東六郡,除了英勇善戰、且善於用人大有關係。
兄終弟及
建安五年(200年),當時曹操與袁紹相拒於官渡,力不能及,採用懷柔政策徵召孫策的兩個弟弟孫權和孫翊,又把侄女嫁給孫策的四弟孫匡。又為三子曹彰娶堂兄孫賁之女,皆禮闢二弟孫權、三弟孫翊,又命揚州刺史嚴象推舉孫權為茂才。
聞曹操與袁紹相持於官渡,孫策寫信向曹操求官職大司馬,曹操不允許,孫策怨恨,孫策想暗中計畫襲取許都,為了迎奉天子漢獻帝,秘密在江東部署諸將,準備跨江北上。然而尚未發兵,就在200年4月孫策在丹徒狩獵時,他騎的是上等精駿寶馬,馳驅逐鹿,隨從護衛絕對趕不上。遭到前吳郡太守許貢的三門客所襲擊。孫策被抬回府臨終前,先召見長史張昭對著張昭等說:「如今中原大亂,憑藉吳越之眾,倚仗長江天塹的屏障固守江東,也足以隔岸觀虎鬥了。你們好好輔佐我二弟!」《張昭傳》則記載,孫策把孫權託付張昭說:「要是仲謀不能擔當大任,你就取代他吧。哪怕不能克敵,回到江西去,也沒什麼好顧慮的。」三弟孫翊,又名孫儼,個性像自己,張昭等多數大臣希望孫策傳位予三弟孫翊,而孫策召二弟孫權來病榻前,佩以印綬及兵符。說:「舉江東之眾,決戰于兩陣之間,與群雄爭奪天下,你不如我。舉賢任能,各盡其心,人盡其才,以保江東,我不如你。」孫策當天夜裡去世,享年二十六歲。
孫策去世後,張昭立即對外向朝廷上表,又給各郡縣發佈公文,對內向江東領內的內外將校,令他們各守其職。二弟孫權因長兄孫策逝世非常悲傷,整天哭倒在榻上,未出府門巡視軍營,張昭勸孫權說:「作為繼承人,重要的是能繼承先輩的遺業,使它昌大興隆,以建立偉大的功業。如今天下動盪不安,盜賊占山蜂起,孝廉(指孫權)你怎麼能臥床哀傷哭兄,與常人那樣去釋放個人的感情呢?」他親自攙扶孫權上馬,外出巡視軍營,於是眾人之心都歸附於孫權。
追諡為王
黃龍元年(229年),二弟孫權稱帝後追諡孫策為長沙桓王,其子孫紹同時封為吳侯,後改封上虞侯。
赤烏三年(240年),孫權重新整修了孫策墓。另外孫權在建業朱爵橋南有設立桓王廟,曾派太子孫和親祭。
特徵
• 孫策容貌俊美瀟灑,喜歡開玩笑,性格闊達,聽取他人意見,善於用人,因此廣受手下將士百姓人民愛戴,甘願盡心盡力,樂意為其效死。
• 孫策在平定吳、會稽二郡後誅殺了地方上頗具人望的英雄豪傑,有些士族為了避禍逃至交州。當時名士高岱被人以此設計惹怒孫策而下獄,之後孫策看到為高岱請命的人眾多,認為他收買人心而將其處決。道士于吉亦因高人望被孫策認為有惑眾之嫌而被處決。
• 孫策經常輕裝出遊打獵,他認為這對思考謀劃計略很有好處,對此張紘和虞翻以吏卒辛苦、無法暇及為由勸諫。郭嘉認為他早晚會因輕率而死。
評價
• 曹操聽聞孫策平定江東時,常呼嘆:「猘兒難與爭鋒也!」(《三國志·吳書·孫破虜討逆傳》裴松之注引)
• 孫秀:「昔討逆(孫策)弱冠以一校尉創業,今後主舉江南而棄之,宗廟出陵,於此為墟。悠悠蒼天,此何人哉!」
• 張紘:「今君紹先侯之軌,有驍武之名。」「策才略絕異,平定三郡,風行草偃。」
• 劉曄:「孫策多謀而善用兵。」
• 郭嘉:「策輕而無備,雖有百萬之眾,無異於獨行中原也。若刺客伏起,一人之敵耳。以吾觀之,必死於匹夫之手。」
• 王朗:「策勇冠一世,有雋才大志。謀而有成,所規不細,終為天下大賊,非徒狗盜而已。」
• 袁術:「使術有子如孫郎,死何復恨。」
• 許貢:「孫策驍雄,與項籍相似。」 「若放於外必作世患。」
• 虞翻:「討逆將軍智略超世,用兵如神。」
• 陳壽《三國志·吳書·孫破虜討逆傳》稱孫策:「為人美姿顏,好笑語,性闊達聽受,善於用人。是以士民見者,莫不盡心,樂為致死。」又評價:「策英氣傑濟,猛銳冠世,覽奇取異,志陵中夏。然皆輕佻果躁,隕身致敗。且割據江東,策之基兆也。」
• 陸機《辨亡論》:「武烈既沒,長沙桓王逸才命世。弱冠秀發,招攬遺老,與之述業。神兵東驅,奮寡犯眾,攻無堅城之將,戰無交鋒之虜。誅叛柔服而江外厎定,飭法修師而威德翕赫,賓禮名賢而張昭為之雄,交御豪俊而周瑜為之傑。彼二君子,皆弘敏而多奇,雅達而聰哲,故同方者以類附,等契者以氣集,而江東蓋多士矣。將北伐諸華,誅鉏幹紀,旋皇輿於夷庚,反帝座于紫闥,挾天子以令諸侯,清天步而歸舊物。戎車既次,群凶側目,大業未就,中世而隕。」
• 《吳錄》:「孫將軍為人,惡勝己者,若每問,當言不知,乃合意耳。如皆辨義,此必危殆。」
• 傅玄《傅子》:「孫策為人明果獨斷,勇蓋天下,以父堅戰死,少而合其兵將以報讎,轉斗千里,盡有江南之地,誅其名豪,威行鄰國。」
• 華譚:「吳武烈父子皆以英傑之才,繼承大業。今以陳敏凶狡,七弟頑冗,欲躡桓王之高蹤,蹈大皇之絕軌,遠度諸賢,猶當未許也。」
• 程琅:「帝王亦一夫之敵耳,孫策之禍可不慮乎!」(《晉書·載記第四》)
• 孫盛:「孫氏兄弟皆明略絕群。創基立事,策之由也,自臨終之日,顧命委權。夫意氣之間,猶有刎頸,況天倫之篤愛,豪達之英鑒,豈吝名號於既往,違本情之至實哉?抑將遠思虛盈之數,而慎其名器者乎?夫正本定名,為國之大防;杜絕疑貳,消釁之良謨。是故魯隱矜義,終致羽父之禍;宋宣懷仁,卒有殤公之哀。皆心存小善,而不達經綸之圖;求譽當年,而不思貽厥之謀。可謂輕千乘之國,蹈道則未也。孫氏因擾攘之際,得奮其縱橫之志,業非積德之基,邦無磐石之固,勢一則祿祚可終,情乖則禍亂塵起,安可不防微於未兆,慮難於將來?壯哉!策為首事之君,有吳開國之主;將相在列,皆其舊也,而嗣子弱劣,析薪弗荷,奉援則魯桓、田巿之難作,崇之則與夷、子馮之禍興。是以正名定本,使貴賤殊邈,然後國無陵肆之責,後嗣罔猜忌之嫌,群情絕異端之論,不逞杜覬覦之心;於情雖違,於事雖儉,至於括囊遠圖,永保維城,可謂為之于其未有,治之于其未亂者也。陳氏之評,其未達乎!」(《三國志·吳書·孫破虜討逆傳一》)
• 陳逵:「孫伯符志業不遂!」
• 庾信:「孫策以天下為三分,眾才一旅;項籍用江東之子弟,人惟八千。」(《哀江南賦並序》)
• 《晉書》載楊亮評價姚襄:「神明器宇,孫策之儔,而雄武過之。」
• 何去非:「孫策壯武,術略過于其父,又有周瑜、魯肅之儔以輔其起。惜乎,堅之不善基也,使其不得奮于中原以競天下。然策一舉而遂收江東,為鼎足之資,使之不死,當為魏之大患。策之不得起于中原,非其智力之不逮,蓋袁紹已據河北,曹公已收河南,獨無隙以投之故也。以劉備之間關轉戰,至于白首,不獲中州一塊之壤以寓其足。而策乃能以敝兵千餘渡江轉斗,不數歲而席捲江東,此其過備遠矣。」
• 晁補之:「吳人輕而無謀,自古記之矣。孫堅、孫策皆無王霸器。堅輕騎從敵,策暫出遇仇,俱以輕敗。雖賴周瑜、魯肅輩輔權嗣立,亦權稍持重,故卒建吳國也。」
• 范仲熊:「劉景升、孫策雖天資英勇,然器輕無君人之體,所以無成。」
• 蕭常:「策以孤童子,奮一旅之眾,不奄旬而據有江東,其智勇謨斷,絕人遠矣。不幸早世,惜哉!」
• 謝採伯:「孫策、周瑜拔皖城,納二喬,皆國色,是以師婚也。英銳豪俊之氣,固足辦事。畢竟有所溺,則智昏,智昏則防慮疏。策為許貢客箭傷頰,創甚,年二十六卒。瑜為流矢中右協,年三十六卒。」
• 王應麟:「孫堅與策,皆以輕敵隕其身。權出合肥之圍,亦幸而免。」
• 劉克莊:「霸略誰堪敵伯符,每開史冊想規模。一千掃眾橫江去,十七成功自古無。不分老瞞稱猘子,便呼公瑾作姨夫。君看末命尤奇特,指顧張昭為託孤。」「魚服俄離網,龍泉忽缺鋩。卻將江左業,分付紫髯郎。 」
• 郝經《續後漢書》:「討逆以孤童子,嶽嶽傑立,高視闊步,仗馬棰以下江東,收攬豪俊,闢地建侯,有吳之基兆定矣。」
• 明代才子高啟的《過二喬宅》節錄:「孫郎武略周郎智,相逢便結君臣義。奇姿聯璧煩江東,都與喬家做佳婿。」
• 羅貫中:「獨戰東南地,人稱小霸王。運籌如虎踞,決策似鷹揚。威鎮三江靖,名聞四海香。臨終遺大事,專意屬周郎。」
• 李贄:「三國英雄,一味以收拾英雄為本,如孫策之于太史慈之類是也。如此舉動,如何不興王定伯?」(《匯評三國志演演義》)
• 毛宗崗:「有父創業以遺其子者矣,未有兄創業以遺其弟者也。策無年而權有年,策無嗣而權有嗣;策也竭蹶而取之,權也安坐而享之。所以然者,何也?良由策之為策,衝鋒陷陣,克敵之勇有餘;雅俗坐鎮,君人之度未足耳。孫策死而以帝業讓之孫權,亦猶劉縯死而以帝業讓之劉秀。」
• 趙翼《二十史札記》:「人才莫盛於三國,惟三國之主,各能用人」、「孫氏兄弟以意氣相投。」
• 王懋竑:「孫策創業江東,自借攻戰之力,而於張昭,張紘,虞翻俱代以師友之禮,委而用之,所謂爪牙信布腹心良平,不專以武力也。 」
• 何焯:「伯符以勇銳摧破劉繇王朗,然能系屬士民,修其政理,遂創霸業。」
• 易順鼎:「父兵誅卓起長沙,直取江東作帝家。小弟坐分三足鼎,大喬方稱並頭花。只留公瑾燒銅雀,不聽虞翻諫白蛇。玉貌英雄千古少,笑他操備是蒹葭。」
• 徐昂發:「漢室曹瞞是獍梟,猘兒年少欲橫挑。刀圍玉帳觴公瑾,花簇珠屏舞大喬。水上神書才息焰,床頭明鏡旋生妖。蟠龍門外牛羊墓,蕎麥粘天似雪飄。」
• 張佩綸:「伯符與公瑾實創江東,其意亦欲取荊州襲許都。使天老其才,以與公瑾戮力中原,天下事未可知也。」
• 盧弼:「孫策十七歲喪父,二十六卒,十餘年間建立大業,少年英萬,勇銳無前,真一時豪傑之士!」「文台初起,鄉里少年皆願相從。伯符年未弱冠,已交結知名,轉斗江東,士民樂為致死,太史子義一見解縛。孫氏父子兄弟皆善于招致英雄,據有江東,非偶然也。」
• 蔡東藩:「孫伯符以童稚之年,即能結交名士,奮志功名;其銳氣之特達,原不在乃父下。及乞師進取,攻略江東,袁術非不加忌,卒之縱虎出柙,俾得橫行。或謂術不先害策,釀成尾大不掉之弊,吾意以為策非負術,實術之不能用策,有以致之也。」「暴虎馮河死亦宜,聖人垂戒不吾欺;猘兒逐鹿猶遭厄,才信躬行貴自持。」
• 成海應:「三國群䧺,除昭烈外了無一人為漢者,皆自利而已,但孫伯符以穉年壯氣,收父之兵,歸并江東,聞袁術僭號,遽書絕交,聞袁曹相距,謀襲許以迎天子,其志真若可以除僭亂而存漢室矣,論者莫不惜其早死,愚甞深究其跡而不信其心矣,使策誠有為漢忠義之心,則當其臨死付託之時,有弟如權,有友如瑜,似宜眷眷懇懇以除漢賊復漢室,明大義於天下,為權瑜言之,而乃無一言及此,其所謂爭衡保守,卿不如我不如等語,皆是爭王競霸之意,適所以長僭亂之志,而為漢家之賊矣,惡在其忠義之實也,或曰然則向之絕交公路, 謀襲孟德者,其意安在,曰此雖其善處,而以策之才之武,本非久為袁術之下者,亦非終為曹操之所容者,爭王競霸,其勢亦不得不爾也。」(『活齋集』 卷5, 看史剩語, 孫策為漢)
家庭
祖父
• 孫鍾,孫堅父,孫權稱帝後追諡其祖父為孝懿王。
父母
• 孫堅,親父,字文臺,東漢破虜將軍,在與黃祖作戰時被亂石砸中而身亡,孫權稱帝後追諡其親父為武烈皇帝。
• 吳夫人,親母,孫堅元配妻子,孫權稱帝後追諡其親母為武烈皇后。
伯叔父
• 孫羌,孫堅兄,伯父,字聖臺,早卒。育有兩子孫賁與孫輔,為孫策堂兄。
• 孫靜,孫堅異母弟,叔父,字幼臺,平定江東後向孫策調回故鄉做縣長,病死於家中。
舅親
• 徐真,孫策姑丈,父親孫堅之妹夫。
• 吳景,孫策舅父,母親吳夫人之弟。
兄弟姐妹
親族兄弟
• 孫賁,堂兄,字伯陽,孫羌長子。
• 孫輔,堂兄,字國儀,孫羌次子。
• 孫暠,堂兄,字伯?,孫靜長子。
• 孫瑜,堂弟,字仲異,孫靜次子。
• 孫皎,堂弟,字叔朗,孫靜三子。
• 孫奐,堂弟,字季明,孫靜四子。
• 孫河,族兄,字伯海,孫堅族子。
• 孫香,族兄,字文陽,孫堅族子。
• 孫桓,族侄,字叔武,孫河三子。
• 孫韶,族侄,字公禮,孫河侄子(賜姓孫,將他列名孫氏家族祖譜之中)。
表兄弟
• 徐琨,孫堅外甥,孫策表兄,孫堅死後,隨孫策征戰江東,奠定江東。以督軍中郎將職位領兵
• 吳奮,吳景長子,封新亭侯。
• 吳祺,吳景次子,封都亭侯。
弟弟
• 孫權,二弟,字仲謀,221年拜吳王,229年稱帝為吳大帝。
• 孫翊,三弟,字叔弼,個性驍勇果烈有其兄策遺風,偏將軍領丹楊太守。
• 孫匡,四弟,字季佐,舉茂才,娶曹操弟之女(《三國演義》作曹仁女)。
• 孫朗,庶弟,字早安,因燒毀軍糧遭到幽禁,被逐出孫氏宗室。
妹妹
• 孫氏,嫁吳人弘咨。
• 孫氏,潘濬子潘祕妻陳氏之母
• 孫夫人,小妹,《三國演義》中名為孫仁,戲曲稱為孫尚香。後嫁於梟雄劉備稱為梟姬。
妻妾
• 大橋,小橋之姊
子女及後代
子
• 孫紹,孫策子,先封吳侯,後改封為上虞侯。
女
• 孫氏,顧邵妻。
孫輩
• 孫奉,孫策孫,孫紹子,襲封上虞侯。民間有傳聞孫皓死後孫奉或孫奮其中一個會當上皇帝,孫皓得知後誅殺兩人。
• 陸抗,孫策外孫,陸遜子,襲封江陵縣侯。孫吳後期名將,官至大司馬、荊州牧。
後人
• 《唐杭州靈隱山天竺寺大德詵法師塔銘》記載,唐朝僧人大德詵法師為孫策十三世孫。
藝術形象
小說形象
《三國演義》中描述孫策與東萊太史慈單挑數百回合不分勝負、挾死于糜、喝死樊能,其勇武身影徬彿猶如西楚霸王項羽,故有「小霸王」的美譽,在打獵時被許貢的手下襲擊後,由華陀治癒,最後因為對道士于吉不滿而殺于吉,被于吉的冤魂給嚇到生重病過世為虛構。
影視形象
• 香港邵氏電影 《神通術與小霸王》(1983年):由趙國飾演孫策。
• 香港亞視電視劇 《諸葛亮》(1985年):由煒烈飾演孫策。
• 張徹執導電影《神通》(1993年):由董志華飾演孫策。
• 中國中央電視台電視劇《三國演義》(1994年):由濮存昕飾演孫策。
• 台灣華視電視劇《三國英雄傳之關公》(1996年):由衛子雲飾演孫策。
• 台灣民視 / 八大電視劇《終極三國》(2009年):由汪東城飾演孫策。
• 中國電視劇《三國》(2010年):由沙溢飾演孫策。
• 中國優酷電視劇《終極三國》(2017年):由趙志偉飾演孫策。
• 周顯揚執導電影《真·三國無雙》(2021年):由王鑫飾演孫策。
動漫遊戲作品
• 真三國無雙系列 / 無雙OROCHI系列(光榮公司開發,河內孝博配音)
• 蒼天航路(王欣太)
• 火鳳燎原(陳某)、火鳳燎原外傳小說《伯符》(王貽興):在孫策計劃下江東時以孫策族弟「孫輔」身份登場,在孫策(凌操)死後以
• 三國志(橫山光輝)
• 王者榮耀 職業為坦克/戰士
備註
Text | Count |
---|---|
浙江通志 | 2 |
三國志 | 174 |
萬姓統譜 | 2 |
夢粱錄 | 2 |
資治通鑑 | 10 |
後漢書 | 5 |
珍珠船 | 1 |
嘉泰會稽志 | 2 |
文選 | 4 |
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