Tang Yin (唐寅 Táng Yín|cy=Tong Yan; 1470–1524), courtesy name
Bohu (伯虎), was a Chinese painter, calligrapher, and poet of the
Ming dynasty period whose life story has become a part of popular lore. Even though he was born during the Ming dynasty, many of his paintings, especially those of people, were illustrated with elements from Pre-Tang to
Song dynasty art.
Tang Yin is one of the most notable painters in the history of Chinese art. He is one of the "Four Masters of Ming dynasty」 (Ming Si Jia), which also includes Shen Zhou (1427–1509), Wen Zhengming (1470–1559) and Qiu Ying (c. 1495-1552). His influence on the art of contemporaries, like Cai Han, is notable. Tang was also a talented poet, and together with his contemporaries Wen Zhengming, Zhu Yunming (1460–1526), and Xu Zhenqing, he was one of the "Four Literary Masters of the Wuzhong Region".
Tang's eccentric lifestyle has prompted storytellers to immortalize him as a trickster character in Chinese folklore. In one such story, he falls in love with a slave girl whom he glimpses on the boat of a high official passing through Suzhou. He has himself sold as a slave to the official's household so that he may approach her. With the help of his friends, he eventually succeeds in bringing her home. This story prompted the playwright Three Words by Feng Menglong and the opera The Three Smiles.
Tang emerged from the vital merchant class of Suzhou, at a very low economic level of the son of a restaurant operator. Contrary to some accounts, he seems to have studied assiduously during his youth, paying little attention to the worldly charms. His genius, which would later gain him renown as the supreme talent of the Jiangnan area (Southern China), soon drew him into the wealthy, powerful, and talented circles of Suzhou. Wen Zhengming became his friend; Wen's father, Wen Lin (1445–99), acted as something of a patron, making the right connections for him.
He was a brilliant student and became the protégé of Wen Lin. His friends in Suzhou's scholarly circles included Shen Zhou, Wu Kuan (1436–1504) and Zhu Yunming. In 1498 Tang Yin came first in the provincial examinations in Nanjing, the second stage in the Imperial examination ladder. The following year he went to the capital to sit the national examinations, but he and his friend Xu Jing (?- 1507) were accused of bribing the servant of one of the chief examiners to give them the examination questions in advance. All parties were jailed, and Tang Yin returned to Suzhou in disgrace, his justifiably high hopes for a distinguished civil service career dashed forever.
Denied further official progress, he pursued a life of pleasure and earned a living by selling his paintings. That mode of living brought him into disrepute with a later generation of artist-critics (for example, Dong Qichang) who felt that financial independence was vital to enable an artist to follow his own style and inspiration. While Tang is associated with paintings of feminine beauty, his paintings (especially landscapes) otherwise exhibit the same variety and expression of his peers and reveal a man of both artistic skill and profound insight.
Read more...: Tang Yins calligraphy and poetry The Return Home of Tao Qian Life portrayed in later media Gallery
Tang Yins calligraphy and poetry
Tang Yin perfected an admirable hand in semi-cursive script (also known as running script). His poems touch on themes which people like Wen Zhengming or the older Shen Zhou would have never taken up. Tang seems compelled to deal with the base elements in man - envy, venality, and cupidity. Tragic unfulfillment, driven by belief in the relentlessness of fate and the bitterness of the ultimate truth imbues his more thoughtful poems. At times he is overcome by tragic sorrow for the loss of childlike innocence; at times even love is fraught with ruin and unhappiness. Those poems which do manage to begin on an optimistic note often end on a note of regret.
Tang Yin also wrote A Short Verse on Bamboo:
"The moon sinks in the fourth watch,
Paper windows seem transparent;
Stirring from wine,
I prop my head and read awhile.
High thoughts, I force myself, but can't help it;
Ten stalks, still green in winter, cast profuse shadows."
The Return Home of Tao Qian
The painting, The Return Home of Tao Qian, was acquired by the previous owner, Eve Myers, in 1950. She was an employee of General Chenault's 'Flying Tigers'. She was living in Taiwan at the time when tens of thousands of Chinese were fleeing to Taiwan with whatever they could carry. She died at the age of 95 in Waikiki in 1999. This painting was purchased from her in 1987. In 1989, while visiting a relative in Honolulu, Mr. Cai Ming Yi inspected this painting. He found it to be authentic and wrote his appraisal. He was Director of Ancient Fine Arts Research Section and Chairman of Department of Art History of Graduate School-University of Beijing, China.
Tang's life was the basis for a number of plays and films based on Feng Menglong's story.
• Xin Tang Bohu dian Qiuxiang (Hong Kong, 1953)
• How the Scholar Tang Bohu Won the Maid Qiuxiang (Hong Kong, 1957) In this film, Tang Bohu is played by (Yam Kim-fai).
• The Three Smiles (Hong Kong, 1969) In this film, Tang Bohu is played by (Ivy Ling Po).
• San xiao yin yuan (Hong Kong, 1975) In this film, Tang Bohu is played by (Loong Kim Sang).
• Flirting Scholar (Hong Kong, 1993)
• Flirting Scholar 2 (Hong Kong, 2010)
• Jiang Nan Si Da Cai Zi (The Four Scholars of Jiangnan) (2014)
• Flirting Scholar from the Future (Hong Kong, 2019)
Tang was the subject of a major exhibition at the National Palace Museum, Taipei.
Gallery
Watching the Spring and Listening to the Wind by Tang Yin.jpg|Watching the Spring and Listening to the Wind, Nanjing Museum
Tang Yin - Making the Bride's Gown - Walters 3520.jpg| Making the Bride's Gown
Tao Gu Presents a Poem by Tang Yin.JPG|Tao Gu Presents a Poem (陶穀贈詞圖)
Tang Yin Whispering Pines.jpg|Mountain Road and Whispering Pines (山路松聲)
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
唐寅(1470年3月6日 - 1524年),字
伯虎,小字
子畏,以字行,號
六如居士、
桃花庵主、
逃禪仙吏等,直隸蘇州府吳縣人,[明代]著名畫家、文學家。江南四大才子之一]之一。在畫史上又與
沈周、
文徵明、仇英合稱「明世穩」或「吳門四家」。
唐寅出生于世商家庭,有一妹一弟,父親 ,經營一家酒店。唐寅作品以《落霞孤鶩圖》、《春山伴侶圖》、《虛閣晚涼圖》、《杏花茅屋圖》、人物畫聞名于世。民間有很多關于唐伯虎的傳說,最為人熟悉的《唐伯虎點秋香》曾多次被改編成戲劇,以及拍成電視劇及電影,也宣傳、加深了唐伯虎在民間的形象。
Read more...: 生平 家庭 創作 詩作 畫作 民間傳說及文學中的唐寅 衍生作品
生平
唐寅於明成化六年(1470年)二月初四生於蘇州府吳趨里 ,父唐廣德,母丘氏。父為在蘇州吳趨里開設食肆,家境只能算是小康。據唐寅寫給文徵明的信上說他自己年輕的時候:「居身屠酤,鼓刀滌血。」又說:「參雜輿隸屠販之中。」唐寅有一妹一弟,弟名申,字子重,。
成化二十一年(1485年),十六歲的他經初等考試後後即成為生員,但對求取功名一事並不熱衷。成化二十四年(1488年)娶妻徐氏,是的徐廷端次女。弘治七年(1494年),父親、妻子相繼在年底病逝。隔年年初母親、妹妹又相繼撒手。一下子痛失四位親人,只剩下他與他的弟弟互相依持。
三年守喪之後,也許是受到祝允明的勸慰,他才認真讀了一年書,參加弘治十一年(1498年)年應天府(南京)鄉試,得第一名解元。因此在唐寅許多畫作中,可以見到「南京解元」的印章。此時唐寅聲名大噪,當年的南京的主考官梁儲看了唐寅的文章,不禁說道:「士固有若是奇者耶?解元在是矣!」對唐寅才氣洋溢的行文相當稱讚,並引介給隔年會試主考官程敏政。而且在此之前,唐寅已經認識吳地大儒文林(文徵明父)、王鏊、倪岳、吳寬等人,在文壇上相當受到大家的看重。
隔年會試,唐寅與徐經(徐霞客高祖父)一同赴考。二月底,華昶突然參奏,稱程敏政事先洩題給徐經、唐寅,要求暫緩放榜。明孝宗即要求當時一同的會試官李東陽覆查,李東陽回報稱程所挑中的試卷當中,沒有徐唐二人的卷子,華昶即因有誣告之嫌,送錦衣衛鎮撫司查問。當時程敏政、徐經、唐寅都已經在獄中。
後工科都給事中林廷玉替華昶辯解,說:「昶雖言不當,不為身家計也。今所劾之官,晏然如故,而身先就獄。後若有事,誰復肯為言者?」兩邊各執一詞。也許孝宗對此感到厭煩,遂命「三法司及錦衣衛廷鞫之」。徐經也許害怕遭刑求,竟稱「敏政嘗受其金幣」,後又遭拷問,才坦承是誣指。然而仍將程敏政、徐經、唐寅三人治罪,程為「臨財苟得,有玷文衡」,要他致仕。徐經、唐寅則是「夤緣求進」之罪折抵贖金,後被派發浙江充吏役,唐寅堅辭不就。
唐寅從此絕意仕途,後漫遊華中、江南諸山。弘治十八年(1505年),謀求建桃花庵別業,作《王氏澤福祠堂記》。正德四年(1509年),唐寅在蘇州城北的宋人章莊簡廢園址上築室桃花塢,創作大量優秀作品,其人物畫多描寫古今仕女生活和歷史故事。唐寅的畫作中有一印刻「江南第一風流才子」,雖然歷代對此作品之真偽也頗多爭議,但此名遂為後世流傳,稱之為「風流才子」、「風流畫家」等。
正德九年(1514年)於江西南昌,任寧王朱宸濠幕賓,唐寅在幕府,發現寧王謀圖造反,於是飲酒狎妓、裝瘋裸奔,逼得寧王放他回蘇州;
嘉靖二年十二月初二(1524年1月7日)去世,葬在桃花塢北,身後僅遺一女,嫁王寵之子。唐寅弟唐申以子唐紹宗(字兆民)過繼予唐寅。
家庭
• 第一任妻子,徐氏,徐廷瑞次女。
• 第二任妻子,何氏。
• 第三任妻子,沈九娘。
創作
據稱唐寅作畫時間甚早,而且無師自通。吳一鵬在《貞壽圖卷》上提款:「歲丙午,子畏年止十七,而山石樹枝如篆籀,人物衣褶如鐵絲。少詣如是,豈非天授!」早年唐寅可能也跟文徵明一樣,向沈周學畫。如王穉登在《吳郡丹青志》中的《沈周先生傳》裡寫:「一時名士,如唐寅文壁(徵明)之流,咸出龍門,往往致於風雲之表。」但如今所看到唐寅的畫作中,有沈周影響的風格很少,可能早年作品亦多不存,所以難以知道。
唐寅較為人所理解的,是拜畫家周臣為師。研究認為他也許是在洩題案之後,才開始向周臣請益。由於周臣的畫風遠摹南宋畫家李唐、劉松年,所以唐寅的作品也多被人認為有李劉風格。美術史對唐寅山水畫的討論中有周臣代筆的問題,目前仍沒有比較清晰的理解。唐寅的作品以山水畫、人物畫出名,亦有花鳥竹石的作品存世。一般而言,都將唐寅的繪畫風格分做三期,但由於許多有紀年的作品多集中在唐寅的晚年,早年的風格分期便有許多爭議。唐寅書法亦好,早年的書風比較靠近顏真卿,後來比較接近李邕、趙孟頫。
自明末以來,在討論唐寅作品,均把他分到吳派,並與沈周、文徵明、仇英等畫家並稱「吳門四家」,或稱「明四大家」。但唐寅的畫風與沈周、文徵明並不相同,而嚴格來說,也不能將唐寅的風格逕歸為吳派。因為相較於一般吳派多追隨元四大家的畫風,唐寅作品裡元四家的影響相當的少,反而有比較多南宋院畫家的影子。但多數的人,都稱唐寅是揉合「南」、「北」的重要畫家。
詩作
唐寅詩風相當特別,據說他早年曾下過苦工在鑽研《昭明文選》,因此早年作品多很工整妍麗,很接近六朝清淡的氣息。被誣洩題案以後的詩作,多有感自己的處境,寫起來情意真摯,自然流露,雖然在字句上不見得推敲的很精鍊,但可以感覺到唐寅信手拈來的才氣。
他的詩作,有《百忍歌》、《上吳天官書》、《江南四季歌》、《桃花庵歌》、《一年歌》、《閒中歌》等。
畫作
山水畫
• 《山路松聲圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《江南農事圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《雙松飛瀑圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《金閶別意圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《函關雪霽圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《洞庭黃茅渚圖》,上海博物館藏
• 《夢仙草堂圖》,大都會博物館藏
• 《西洲話舊圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
人物畫
• 《班姬團扇圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《王蜀宮伎圖》,北京故宮博物院藏
• 《嫦娥圖》,大都會博物館藏
• 《李端端乞詩圖》,南京博物院藏
• 《仿唐人仕女圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
• 《陶榖贈詞圖》,國立故宮博物院藏
花鳥畫
• 《枯槎鸜鵒圖》
民間傳說及文學中的唐寅
唐寅娶的並非秋香,亦無所謂「點秋香」的軼事。根據考證,唐寅一生共有三位妻子,十九歲時娶徐氏,是徐廷瑞的次女,但在他大約廿四歲的時候病逝。後來可能又有娶一女,但碰到科舉弊案的牽累而遭去。後娶沈氏,或名「九娘」,一傳十、十傳百之下變成唐伯虎娶了九個妻妾。
而秋香根本不是華府的俏婢女,而是南京一名頗有名氣的青樓妓女,命途坎坷。然而明末文學大家馮夢龍所著小說《警世通言》中第二十六卷《唐解元一笑姻緣》說及唐寅曾為街上婢女對其一笑,而追隨至一大戶人家倭身為僕,後來被發現,將婢女賜予唐寅,該婢女就名秋香。
正德九年(1514年)於江西南昌,任寧王朱宸濠幕賓,唐寅在幕府,發現寧王謀圖造反,於是飲酒狎妓、裝瘋裸奔,逼得寧王放他回蘇州;名劇《唐伯虎點秋香》就是以其離開寧王的這段歷史為背景,所創作的虛構故事。
衍生作品
;電影
• 1937年:《唐伯虎點秋香(三笑姻緣)》(香港南洋影片公司) 鄺山笑飾 唐伯虎,梁雪霏飾 秋香
• 1953年:《新唐伯虎與秋香》 何非凡飾 唐伯虎,芳艷芬飾 秋香
• 1954年:《唐伯虎點秋香》(香港鴻福影片公司) 司馬祿郎飾 唐伯虎,鄭碧影飾 秋香
• 1956年:《唐伯虎與秋香》(香港光華影片公司) 劉琦飾 唐伯虎,葛蘭飾 秋香
• 1957年:《唐伯虎點秋香》(香港立達影業公司) 任劍輝飾 唐伯虎,白雪仙飾 秋香
• 1958年:《唐伯虎點秋香》(香港龍華公司) 蕭鳴飾 唐伯虎,石黛飾 秋香
• 1964年:《三笑》(香港長城電影製片有限公司) 向群飾 唐伯虎,陳思思飾 秋香
• 1969年:《三笑》(香港邵氏兄弟(香港)有限公司) 凌波飾 唐伯虎,李菁飾 秋香
• 1975年:《三笑姻緣》 龍劍笙飾 唐伯虎,梅雪詩飾 秋香
• 1977年:《風流伯虎蕩秋香》 華倫飾 唐伯虎
• 1993年:《唐伯虎點秋香》 周星馳 飾唐伯虎,鞏俐飾 秋香
• 2010年:《三笑之才子佳人》 郭德綱飾唐伯虎,姚笛飾 秋香
• 2011年:《唐伯虎點秋香2之四大才子》 黃曉明飾唐伯虎,張靜初飾 秋香
;電視
• 1976年:《民間傳奇之三笑》(香港無綫電視) 鄭少秋飾 唐伯虎,呂有慧飾 秋香
• 1983年:《唐伯虎三戲秋香》(香港亞洲電視) 劉緯民飾 唐伯虎,余安安飾 秋香
• 1984年:《風流才子唐伯虎》 楊麗花飾 唐伯虎,許秀年飾 秋香
• 1989年:中視歌仔戲《江南四才子》 黃香蓮飾 唐伯虎,廖麗君飾 秋香
• 1992年:《伯虎為卿狂》(香港亞洲電視) 孫興飾 唐伯虎,伍詠薇飾 秋香
• 1998年:《唐伯虎》又名《風流才子唐伯虎》蔡國慶飾 唐伯虎茹萍飾 秋香
• 2000年:《金裝四大才子》(香港無綫電視) 張家輝飾 唐伯虎,關詠荷飾 秋香
• 台視 連續劇《唐伯虎點秋香》蘇炳憲飾 唐伯虎。
• 2002年:《風流少年唐伯虎》 黃曉明飾 唐伯虎,鄭家榆飾 秋香
• 2010年:《秋香怒點唐伯虎》(香港無綫電視) 陳豪飾 唐伯虎,胡杏兒飾 秋香
• 2014年:《江南四大才子》(浙江衛視)劉愷威飾 唐伯虎,張儷飾 秋香
;舞台劇
• 2011年:《江南第一風流才子》 黃香蓮飾 唐伯虎,陳鳳桂飾 秋香
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.