The
Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms, also known by its Chinese title
Shiliuguo Chunqiu (十六国春秋 Shíliùguó Chūnqiū) is a biographical history of the Sixteen Kingdoms work compiled by Cui Hong between 501 and 522. It became one of the chief sources for the compilation of the
Book of Wei and
Book of Jin in the beginning.
The book started to disappear from the early Tang Dynasty and did not survive intact. It originally contained 100 volumes, a preface and a chronological table. By the time of the early Song Dynasty, many of them were lost and only about 20 volumes remained, which were quoted extensively by Sima Guang. There are two extant versions dating from the late Ming Dynasty, the edition by Tu Qiaosun (屠本) containing 100 volumes, and the one by He Tang (何本) containing 16 volumes, reprinted in the Hanwei Congshu, a compilation of histories. Tu's edition was published for the third time in 1781. Also there is a 100 volumes edition together with a chronological table from the later Qing Dynasty by Tang Qiu, taken from the edition by He Tang and from other materials.
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
《
十六国春秋》是记载五胡十六国历史的纪传体史书。由
北魏崔鸿撰写。
Read more...: 经过 特点 缺点 刻本流传 内容 注释 参考书目
经过
北魏末年的史官崔鸿私下撰写《十六国春秋》,当时北魏迁都洛阳,书籍「率多分散」,他只好「求之公私,驱驰数岁」,又「约损烦文,补其不足」。正始三年(506年),《十六国春秋》初稿大部完成,但仍缺「蜀录」。崔鸿又花了十馀年时间访求常璩所撰《蜀书》。正光三年(522年),终于全书写毕。《十六国春秋》成书一百卷,「五胡十六国」之名因《十六国春秋》一书而得名。但本书虽然完成,却又因故未敢刊印。直到孝庄帝永安元年(528年),其子崔子元将《十六国春秋》缮写一本,奏献朝廷,藏于史馆。
特点
《十六国春秋》突破既往传统,将各国国书改名为「录」,各国帝纪改名曰「传」,「不附正朔,自相君长」,记录各国史事时,系以各自之年号。各国国主之事迹,则按正史本纪之体例,不采用汉民族之「贵中华而贱夷狄」观念。又有序例、表、赞,体例完备。刘知几评价,「(崔鸿)考核众家,辨其异同,除烦补阙,错综纲纪,易其国书曰录,主纪曰传,都谓之《十六国春秋》,……由是伪史宣布,大行于时」。唐初修《晋书》大量采录《十六国春秋》的本文。赵翼称唐修《晋书·载记》,「尤简而不陋,详而不芜,视《十六国春秋》不可同日语也」。
缺点
《十六国春秋》最大缺点是记时有误、人物混淆,「多有违谬」,如「天兴二年,姚兴改号鸿始,而鸿以为改在元年;明元永兴二年,慕容超禽于广固,鸿又以为在元年;太常二年,姚泓败于长安,而鸿亦以为灭在元年。如此之失,多不考正。」
刻本流传
北宋初编成的《太平御览》仍大量抄录《十六国春秋》。此书在北宋中期已经残缺不全,剩二十馀卷,司马光修《资治通鉴》时曾引用,但已非全书,故如无《资治通鉴》,今人难以窥得五胡乱华全貌。《崇文总目》已不列其名。明代屠乔孙、项琳以《晋书·载记》、《魏书》、《北史》、《册府元龟》、《资治通鉴》以及《艺文类聚》、《太平御览》等书补缀而成辑本一百卷,仍题「崔鸿撰」,并署「屠乔孙、项琳之同订」,史料丰富,然欠考证,被清人斥为伪书,是今日的流行本;另外《汉魏丛书》中保存有十六卷本,十六国各为一录,记各国主五十八人,与《晋书》大同小异。康熙时宋荦曾在京西慈仁寺购得《十六国春秋》残本,并作诗以为纪念。清代汤球辑有《十六国春秋辑补》一百卷,所辑史料力求信而有徵,并有考证工作,是研究十六国史的重要参考书。
内容
注:据明辑本
注:据清辑本
注释
参考书目
• 陈长琦、周群,〈《十六国春秋》散佚考略〉
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.