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ctext:275805

Relation	Target	Textual basis
type	person
name	後小松天皇	default
ruled	dynasty:日本
from-date 永徳元年四月庚寅 1381/5/29
to-date 応永十九年八月辛巳 1412/10/4
authority-wikidata	Q123052
link-wikipedia_zh	後小松天皇
link-wikipedia_en	Emperor_Go-Komatsu

was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, and the sixth and final Emperor of the Northern Court.

He is officially considered to have been the Northern pretender from May 24, 1382 to October 21, 1392, when upon Emperor Go-Kameyama's abdication, Go-Komatsu is understood to have been a legitimate emperor (the 100th sovereign) from that date. In 1392, following the post-Nanboku-chō unification of the two formerly contending courts, the Southern Emperor Emperor Go-Kameyama reached an agreement with Go-Komatsu to alternate control of the throne between the Northern and Southern courts on a ten-year plan which effectively signaled the end of the southern court's claims to sovereignty. However, Go-Komatsu reneged, not only ruling for 20 years until his own abdication on October 5, 1412, but was succeeded by his own son, rather than by one from the former Southern Court. According to pre-Meiji scholars, Go-Komatsu's reign as a legitimate emperor spanned the years from 1392 through 1412. The present Japanese Imperial Family is descended from the

three Northern Court emperors.

This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after the 9th-century Emperor Kōkō, and go- (後), translates literally as "later." Jien's Gukanshō explains that Kōkō was called "the Emperor of Komatsu". The 14th-century pretender and emperor may be called the "later Emperor Kōkō" or the "later Emperor Komatsu". The Japanese word go has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this would-be emperor may be identified as "Komatsu, the second", or as "Komatsu II."

Genealogy

Before his accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was .

Go-Komatsu was the first son of Emperor Go-En'yū. His mother was Tsūyōmonin no Itsuko (通陽門院厳子), daughter of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal Sanjō Kimitada (三条公忠).

• Consort: Hinonishi Motoko (日野西資子, 1384-1440) later Kohan』mon-in (光範門院), Hinonishi Sukekuni's daughter

　• First son: Imperial Prince Mihito (実仁親王) later Emperor Shōkō

　• Second son: Prince Ogawa (1404–1425; 小川宮), Emperor Shōkō's crown prince

　• First daughter: Princess Riei (理永女王; 1406–1447)

• Lady-in-waiting: Kanrouji Tsuneko (甘露寺経子), Kanrouji Kanenaga's daughter

• Naishi: Hinonishi Sukekuni's daughter

• Naishi: Shirakawa Suketada's daughter

• Naishi: Kohyōe-no-Tsubone (小兵衛局)

　• daughter: (b.1412)

• Naishi: Unknown (daughter of a retainer from the Southern Court)

　• Ikkyū Sōjun

He was named after Emperor Kōkō, who had the alternate name Komatsu, because they both returned the throne to their families, in the case of Emperor Go-Komatsu, by defeating his Southern Court rivals, and in the case of Emperor Kōkō, by succeeding his elder brother's grandson, Emperor Yōzei.

Events of Go-Komatsus life

In his own lifetime, Go-Komatsu and those around him believed that he occupied the Chrysanthemum Throne from May 24, 1382 through 1412.

He was raised in the turbulent Nanboku-chō period of rival northern and southern courts in the mansion of Hino Sukenori (日野西資教). He succeeded as Northern Emperor upon the abdication of his father, the Northern Pretender Emperor Go-En'yū. With the help of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, his father ruled as Cloistered Emperor.

In 1392, an envoy from the Ashikaga Shogunate managed to persuade Emperor Go-Kameyama to convey the Imperial Regalia to Go-Komatsu, which meant that he ceded the Chrysanthemum throne to his former rival. Go-Komatsu received the succession (senso); and he is understood to have formally acceded to the legitimate Imperial power and position (sokui). In the peace at that time, it was agreed that the northern and southern courts would alternate. However, in 1412, when Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicated, the agreement was thrown away, and, instead, he was succeeded by his son, Emperor Shōkō, and all subsequent Emperors were descended from the Northern Court. Until 1911, the Northern Court Emperors were considered the legitimate ones, and the Southern Court to be illegitimate. However, now the Southern Court is considered to have been legitimate, primarily because they retained the three sacred treasures, and thus, Emperor Go-Komatsu is not considered to have been legitimate for the first 10 years of his reign.

He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto.

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Komatsu's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

• Sadaijin

• Udaijin

• Nadaijin

• Dainagon

Eras of Go-Komatsus reign

The years of Go-Komatsu's Nanboku-chō and post-Nanboku-chō reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.

:Nanboku-chō northern court

• Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

　• Eitoku (1381–1384)

　• Shitoku (1384–1387)

　• Kakei (1387–1389)

　• Kōō (1389–1393)

:Nanboku-chō southern court

• Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)

　• Kōwa (1381–1384)

　• Genchū (1384–1390)

　• Meitoku (1390–1393)‡

:Post-Nanboku-chō court

• Eras merged as Meitoku 3 replaced Genchū 9 as Go-Kameyama abdicated.

　• Meitoku (1393–1394)‡

　• Ōei (1394–1428)

Southern Court rivals

• Chōkei

• Go-Kameyama

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

後小松天皇（；1377年8月1日（永和 (後圓融天皇) - 永和3年 / [[天授 (長慶天皇)），是室町時代北朝的第6代天皇，也是日本正統歷史上的第100代天皇（在位：永德2年 / 弘和2年4月11日（1382年5月24日） - 應永19年8月29日（1412年10月5日）），諱幹仁（）。在位期間南北朝獲得了統一。

後小松天皇是後圓融天皇第一皇子。其生母是內大臣三條公忠之女，通陽門院三條嚴子。後小松天皇從小在日野西資教家中長大，1382年時移居到足利義滿家，同年接受父親後圓融天皇的讓位，成為天皇。當時雖然由後圓融上皇開設院政，但事實上朝廷已經威權掃地，室町幕府的將軍足利義滿擁有淩駕於上皇的權力。後圓融上皇對此非常不滿，同足利義滿的關係惡劣，兩人經常發生衝突。三條嚴子生下後小松天皇後不久，後圓融天皇懷疑其與足利義滿通姦，將嚴子毆打了一頓。作家海音寺潮五郎據此懷疑後小松天皇可能是足利義滿的私生子。

後小松天皇早期就是在上皇與幕府將軍勾心鬥角這種險惡的狀態下度過的。在後小松天皇即位後第十年（1392年），南北朝宣告統一，南朝的後龜山天皇以兩統迭立為條件，交出三神器並且退位。後龜山天皇退隱到了京都的大覺寺，被尊為「太上天皇」。根據當時的協定，後小松天皇的繼承者必須是後龜山天皇的兒子，而且以後的繼位者應該以南（大覺寺統）、北（持明院統）兩統輪流的方式來排定。不過後來朝廷卻遵照足利義滿的意向，違反了這個約定，在1412年讓後小松天皇傳位給自己的兒子實仁親王，以致於後來大覺寺統方面的人士強烈不滿。此後的很長一段時期裡，大覺寺統的皇族後代，尤其是小倉宮一族，試圖奪回皇位，是為後南朝運動。

後小松天皇在位期間，足利義滿權力極高，天皇和朝廷僅僅只是個傀儡而已。足利義滿對明朝貿易時自稱「日本國王源道義」。甚至在明朝使者來日時，不知日本有後小松天皇的存在，僅知道日本的統治者是足利義滿。此後的室町幕府將軍也都被明朝稱為「日本國王」。顯然幕府的地位凌駕在天皇之上，當然這也是因義滿自認後小松天皇之所以可以登上天皇之位以及統一日本，都是他幫忙的關係。1408年足利義滿逝世的時候，後小松天皇甚至向義滿追贈「鹿苑院太上法皇」這個只有皇室成員才能擁有的稱號，但是足利義持在斯波義將的強烈反對下，為父親辭去了這個追號。

後小松天皇之子稱光天皇早逝，因此他又另立了與北朝有血緣關係的後花園天皇，確立了持明院統在天皇繼承上的正統性。實行二十餘年院政的後小松天皇在1433年過世，葬在深草北陵。

他被追稱為「後小松院」，是緣自於光孝天皇。光孝天皇被稱為「小松帝」，由自己哥哥文德天皇之孫陽成天皇手中得到皇位，從此帝系就由他這一族傳下去。而現在為了表示北朝一族延續的正統性，因此以後小松的稱號來顯出這樣強烈的意志。

Source	Relation	from-date	to-date
永徳	ruler	1381/5/29永徳元年四月庚寅	1384/3/18永徳三年二月甲午
至徳	ruler	1384/3/19至徳元年二月乙未	1387/10/4至徳四年八月己巳
嘉慶	ruler	1387/10/5嘉慶元年八月庚午	1389/3/6嘉慶三年二月戊申
康応	ruler	1389/3/7康応元年二月己酉	1390/4/11康応二年三月己丑
明徳	ruler	1390/4/12明徳元年三月庚寅	1394/8/1明徳五年七月壬寅
応永	ruler	1394/8/2応永元年七月癸卯	1412/10/4応永十九年八月辛巳