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-> 劉備

劉備[View] [Edit] [History]
ctext:335944

RelationTargetTextual basis
typeperson
name劉備default
name昭烈帝
name蜀漢昭烈帝
died-date章武三年四月二十四日
223/6/10
三國志·蜀志二》:亮上言於後主曰:「伏惟大行皇帝邁仁樹德,覆燾無疆,昊天不弔,寢疾彌留,今月二十四日奄忽升遐,臣妾號咷,若喪考妣。乃顧遺詔,事惟太宗,動容損益;
ruleddynasty:蜀漢
    from-date 章武元年四月丙午
221/5/15
    to-date 章武三年四月丁亥
223/6/15
authority-cbdb339525
authority-wikidataQ45625439
authority-wikidataQ245315
link-wikipedia_zh刘备
link-wikipedia_enLiu_Bei
Liu Bei (劉備, ; ; 161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande (玄德), was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler. Though he was a distant relative of the Han imperial family, Liu Bei's father died when he was a child and left his family impoverished. To help his mother, he sold shoes and straw mats. When he reached the age of fifteen, his mother sent him to study under Lu Zhi. In his youth, Liu Bei was known as ambitious and charismatic. He gathered a militia army to fight the Yellow Turbans. Liu Bei fought bravely in many battles and started getting famous. Rather than join the coalition against Dong Zhuo, he joined his childhood friend Gongsun Zan and fought under him against Yuan Shao many times with recognition.

Later he was sent to help Tao Qian against Cao Cao. Thanks to the support of the influential Mi and Chen families along with Tao Qian's last will, Liu Bei inherited the Xu Province. After his defeat against Cao Cao, Lü Bu joined him and seized the province while Liu Bei was away fighting Yuan Shu. After many conflicts, he joined Cao Cao and they defeated Lü Bu at the Battle of Xiapi. Although he was treated well, Liu Bei received a secret edict from the emperor to kill Cao Cao and rebelled against him taking back Xu province. After a brief alliance with Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was quickly defeated by Cao Cao and had to flee to the warlord in the north. He was sent by Yuan Shao to raise uprisings behind Cao Cao's main base but he was ultimately defeated by Cao Cao and joined his kinsman Liu Biao. Liu Biao doubted his loyalty so he located him at Xinye to serve as a shield against Cao Cao. After Liu Biao's death, Liu Bei led many civilians to join Liu Qi to Xiakou where they allied with Sun Quan to oppose Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs.

After Cao Cao's defeat, Liu Bei quickly took control of the majority of Jing Province, then he married Sun Quan's sister who recognised his legitimacy over the province and agreed to "lend" him Nan Commandery. Liu Bei later led his army to join another kinsman, Liu Zhang in his war against the warlord Zhang Lu. Under the advices of his advisors, he betrayed Liu Zhang and seized the Yi Province from him. After some disputes and seeing Cao Cao growing closer to the Yi province. Liu Bei agreed to yield half of the Jing province to Sun Quan and led his army against Xiahou Yuan at Hanzhong and seized it. Liu Bei then declared himself "King of Hanzhong" and set up his headquarters in Chengdu. However soon after Guan Yu was killed by Liu Bei's "ally" Sun Quan who took the rest of Jing province for the "lending" of Nan commandery. Liu Bei was furious and after declaring himself emperor to challenge Cao Pi's authority, he led his army against his former "ally". Though some early success, his army was soon blocked into a stalemate against Lu Xun and was finally defeated. Ashamed by his failure, he never returned to Chengdu and settled in Baidicheng until his death one year later. Urging his heir to not emulate him and being as virtuous as possible he appointed to help him Zhuge Liang in charge of domestic matters and Li Yan for the military matters.

Despite early failings compared to his rivals and lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, he gathered support among disheartened Han loyalists who opposed Cao Cao, the warlord who controlled the Han central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian, and led a popular movement to restore the Han dynasty through this support. Liu Bei overcame his defeats to carve out his own realm, which at its peak spanned present-day Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, and parts of Hubei and Gansu. Culturally, due to the popularity of the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei is widely known as an ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and selected good advisers for his government. His fictional counterpart in the novel was a salutary example of a ruler who adhered to the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion. Historically, Liu Bei, like many Han rulers, was greatly influenced by Laozi. He was a brilliant politician and leader whose skill was a remarkable demonstration of "Confucian in appearance but Legalist in substance" .

Read more...: Physical appearance   Family background   Early life (161-184)   Yellow Turban Rebellion (184-189)   Warlord state   In Gongsun Zans service (189–194)   Succeeding Tao Qian (194)   Conflict with Lü Bu (195–198)   Role in the Cao–Yuan conflict (199–201)   Taking refuge under Liu Biao (201–208)   Alliance with Sun Quan   Battles of Red Cliffs and Jiangling (208-211)   Establishing the Shu kingdom   Conquering Yi Province (211-215)   Sun–Liu territorial dispute (215-217)   Hanzhong Campaign (217-219)   Becoming an emperor (219-221)   Defeat and death (221-223)   Appraisal   Family and descendants   In Romance of the Three Kingdoms   General worship of Liu Bei   In popular culture   Film and television   Card games   Video games  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
漢昭烈帝劉備(161年 - 223年),字玄德,幽州涿郡涿縣(今河北省涿州市)人,亦稱漢先主,是三國時代蜀漢政權的開創者暨第一位皇帝,在位三年。諡號昭烈皇帝,廟號烈祖。《三國志》、《華陽國志》等書均稱其為先主 ,繼位的劉禪則被稱為「後主」,《資治通鑑》稱劉備父子為漢主

劉備雖為漢景帝後代,但世系久遠,實由布衣起步而終得一方天下。因為是漢室後裔,故戲劇中被稱為劉皇叔;又因當過刺史,刺史又被稱為使君,故常被稱為劉使君

Read more...: 生平   家世背景   少時經歷   參與義軍   入主徐州   轉戰呂布   對抗曹操   南下之危   佔荊奪蜀   漢中之爭   遺恨夷陵   白帝託孤   廟號爭議   特色   評價   時人評價   後世評價   家庭   世系   祖父     妻妾   子女   孫子女   曾孫   後人   後世紀念   紀念建築   藝術形象   三國演義   劇曲   電視劇   電影   遊戲   動漫作品  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

SourceRelationfrom-dateto-date
劉永father
劉理father
蜀漢後主father
章武ruler221/5/15章武元年四月丙午223/6/15章武三年四月丁亥

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TextCount
全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文1
三國志502
萇楚齋續筆1
四庫全書總目提要3
資治通鑑26
後漢書14
晉書3
真誥2
十六國春秋1
十六國春秋別傳1
宋史1
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/335944 [RDF]

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