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明史 Ming Shi[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:359509
The 'Ming Shi' (《明史》), compiled in 336 volumes by officials of the Qing dynasty under the direction of Baohe Dian Datongshu Zhang Tingyu, is a comprehensive official history of China's Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The project was completed on Qianlong 4, July 25 and submitted to the throne. It comprises Twenty-four volumes of Benji (annals) detailing imperial chronicles, Seventy-five volumes of Zhi (treatises on various subjects), Thirteen volumes of Biao (tables of dynastic data), 220 volumes of Liezhuan (biographies), and four volumes of preface.The project began in 1730 under the Kangxi Emperor, who commissioned scholars such as Peng Sunyu to draft the work over fifteen years. Despite initial delays due to discrepancies in sources, the effort was revitalized under the Zongcai Guan system during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, who ordered final revisions in 1724 (Yongzheng Year 2). The draft was built upon a preliminary version by Wang Hongxu, whose 'Ming Shi Gao' (310 volumes) provided foundational material, though it lacked completed imperial annals.
The structure of the 'Ming Shi' incorporates both traditional and innovative elements. The Yiwen Zhi follows a unique model, documenting only works by Ming-era authors, a practice first proposed in Cao Xiao Wang's 'Guan Zhong Feng Su Chuan' and later emphasized by Liu Zhiji in his historical methodology. The Li Zhi includes mathematical diagrams to illustrate advancements in astronomy, a departure from earlier textual-only approaches. Tables (Biao) adhere largely to traditional formats but introduce the 'Qi Qing Biao' (Table of Seven High Officials), reflecting Ming institutional reforms that decentralized power from the Chancellor and centralized it among the six ministries and Censorate.
Biographical sections (Liezhuan) feature novel categories such as the Yandang (Eunuch Faction), highlighting the political corruption of eunuchs during the Ming, and Liuzhe (Rebels), detailing the downfall caused by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong. The 'Tusi Zhuan' (Biographies of Native Chieftains) addresses the governance challenges of hereditary frontier rulers, a system established in the Yuan Dynasty and expanded during Ming rule.
The work also records events post-1644, continuing entries for regimes such as the Southern Ming under Fu Wang and later imperial decrees incorporating these narratives. This approach underscores the Qing court's emphasis on historical continuity and its authority over the Ming legacy. The 'Ming Shi' thus stands as a testament to Qing historiographical rigor, blending classical methods with innovations that reflect both technical advancements in scholarship and the political priorities of the era.
References
| Source | Relation | juan-size |
|---|---|---|
| 何瑭文集 | indexed-in | 11 |
| 劉珝文集 | indexed-in | 16 |
| 南隖集 | indexed-in | 10 |
| 松臒集 | indexed-in | 3 |
| 臒仙文譜 | indexed-in | 8 |
| 茹瑺詩 | indexed-in | 1 |
| 董玘文集 | indexed-in | 6 |
| 蕭糸茲文集 | indexed-in | 20 |
| 趙羾集 | indexed-in | 3 |
| 造邦勳賢略 | indexed-in | 1 |
| [+ Additional items] | indexed-in |
| Text | Count |
|---|---|
| 海國圖志 | 2 |
| 清史稿 | 7 |
| 萇楚齋三筆 | 2 |
| 玉臺畫史 | 1 |
| 四庫全書總目提要 | 318 |
| 東瀛識略 | 3 |
| 四庫全書簡明目錄 | 1 |
| 海國圖志 | 31 |
| 群書集事淵海 | 1 |
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