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宋徽宗[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:373415
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 宋徽宗 | default |
name | 徽宗 | |
name | 趙佶 | |
born-date | 元豐五年十月丁巳 1082/11/2 | 《宋史·本紀第十九 {{徽宗一}}》:元豐五年十月丁巳生於宮中。 |
died-date | 天會十三年四月丙寅 1135/6/6 | 《金史·本紀第四》:丙寅,昏德公趙佶薨,遣使致祭及賻贈。 |
born | 1082 | |
died | 1135 | |
father | person:宋神宗 | 《宋史·列傳第五 宗室三》:次徽宗, |
mother | person:陳皇后 | 《宋史·列傳第二 後妃下》:生徽宗,進美人。 |
ruled | dynasty:北宋 | |
from-date 元符三年正月己卯 1100/2/23 | ||
to-date 宣和七年十二月己未 1126/1/17 | ||
authority-cbdb | 9008 | |
authority-ddbc | 3935 | |
authority-viaf | 32929154 | |
authority-wikidata | Q7486 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 宋徽宗 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Emperor_Huizong_of_Song | |
held-office | office:端王 | |
from-date 紹聖三年三月辛亥 1096/4/16 | 《宋史·本紀第十八 {{哲宗二}}》:辛亥,封大寧郡王佖為申王,遂寧郡王佶為端王。 | |
held-office | office:天水郡王 | |
from-date 皇統元年二月乙酉 1141/3/25 | 《金史·本紀第四》:乙酉,改封海濱王耶律延禧為豫王,昏德公趙佶為天水郡王,重昏侯趙桓為天水郡公。 |
Despite his incompetence in rulership, Emperor Huizong was known for his promotion of Taoism and talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy and music. He sponsored numerous artists at his imperial court, and the catalogue of his collection listed over 6,000 known paintings.
Read more...: Biography Jurchen Invasion Abdication Capture Art, calligraphy, music, and culture Family Ancestry
Biography
Emperor Huizong, besides his partaking in state affairs that favoured the reformist party that supported Wang Anshi's New Policies, was a cultured leader who spent much of his time admiring the arts. He was a collector of paintings, calligraphy, and antiques of previous dynasties, building huge collections of each for his amusement. He wrote poems of his own, was known as an avid painter, created his own calligraphy style, had interests in architecture and garden design, and even wrote treatises on medicine and Taoism. He assembled an entourage of painters that were first pre-screened in an examination to enter as official artists of the imperial court, and made reforms to court music. Like many learned men of his age, he was quite a polymath personality, and is even considered to be one of the greatest Chinese artists of all time. However, his reign would be forever scarred by the decisions made (by counsel he received) on handling foreign policy, as the end of his reign marked a period of disaster for the Song Empire.
Jurchen Invasion
Emperor Huizong neglected the military, and the Song dynasty became increasingly weak and at the mercy of foreign invaders, despite his recasting of the symbolic Nine Tripod Cauldrons in 1106 in an attempt to assert his authority. When the Jurchens founded the Jin Dynasty and attacked the Khitan-led Liao dynasty to the north of the Song, the Song dynasty allied with the Jin Dynasty and attacked the Liao from the south. This succeeded in destroying the Liao, a longtime enemy of the Song.
Abdication
However, an enemy of the even more formidable Jin dynasty was now on the northern border. Not content with the annexation of the Liao domain, and perceiving the weakness of the Song army, the Jurchens soon declared war on their former ally, and by the beginning of 1126, the troops of the Jin "Western Vice-Marshal" Wolibu crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of Bianjing, the capital of the Song Empire. Realizing his mistakes, Huizong took the blame for everything that went wrong and stricken with panic, Emperor Huizong intended to flee but was convinced by his officials to abdicate first and then flee. Huizong then feigned a stroke because Huizong in his words said that "I must use the excuse of illness. I am afraid of disorder breaking out." He then abdicated on 18 January 1126 in favour of his eldest son, Zhao Huan who is historically now known as Emperor Qinzong (欽宗).
However, Qinzong sternly refused the throne, even pushing the robes off. Huizong, still feigning a stroke, wrote with his left hand "If you do not accept, you are unfilial." Qinzong said in response "If I accept, then I am unfilial." Even when Huizong summoned his empress, Qinzong still declined until Huizong ordered his eunuchs to forcibly put him on the throne. Qinzong finally gave in eventually accepting the throne. Huizong then departed the capital to flee in the countryside.
Capture
Overcoming the walls of Bianjing was a difficult undertaking for the Jurchen cavalry, and this, together with fierce resistance from some Song officials who had not totally lost their nerve, as Emperor Huizong had, and Qinzong giving a town, resulted in the Jurchens lifting the siege of Bianjing and returning north. The Song Empire, however, had to sign a humiliating treaty with the Jin Empire, agreeing to pay a colossal war indemnity and to give a tribute to the Jurchens every year. From 1126 until 1138, refugees from the Song Empire migrated south towards the Yangtze River. Huizong returned from the countryside and resumed his normal activities after hearing that the siege was lifted although he was effectively under house arrest by Qinzong.
But even such humiliating terms could not save the Song dynasty. Within a matter of months, the troops of both Jurchen vice-marshals, Wolibu and Nianhan, were back south again, and this time they were determined to overcome the walls of Bianjing after Qinzong wanted to form an Anti-Jin alliance with two Liao nobles who were actually on the Jurchens side. After a bitter siege, the Jurchens eventually entered Bianjing on 9 January 1127, and many days of looting, rapes, and massacre followed. Most of the entire imperial court and harem were captured by the Jurchens in an event known historically as the Jingkang Incident, and transported north, mostly to the Jin capital of Shangjing (in present-day Harbin). After Qinzong was captured, Emperor Huizong, was persuaded to turn himself in, however, they captured Huizong. When Huizong got to see Qinzong, they cried and hugged each other with Huizong stating "If you had listened to the old man, we would have avoided this disaster."
One of the many sons of Emperor Huizong, Zhao Gou was not present in Bianjing where he went to Southern China where, after many years of struggle, he would establish the Southern Song Dynasty, of which he was the first ruler, Emperor Gaozong.
Emperors Huizong and the former Emperor Qinzong were demoted to the rank of commoners by the Jurchens on 20 March 1127. Then on 10 May 1127, Emperor Huizong was deported to Heilongjiang, where he spent the last eight years of his life as a captive. In 1128, in a humiliating episode, the two former Song Emperors had to venerate the Jin ancestors at their shrine in Shangjing, wearing mourning dress. The Jurchen ruler, Emperor Taizong, granted the two former Song emperors degrading titles to humiliate them: Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公; literally "Besotted Duke") while Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重昏侯; literally "Doubly Besotted Marquis").
The Song male Chinese princes who were captured were given Khitan women to marry from the Liao dynasty palace by the Jin Jurchens, who had also defeated and conquered the Khitan. The original Chinese wives of the Song princes were confiscated and replaced with Khitan ones. One of the Song Emperor Huizong's sons was given a Khitan consort from the Liao palace and another one of his sons was given a Khitan princess by the Jin at the Jin Supreme capital. The Jin Jurchens continued to give new wives to the captured Song royals, the grandsons and sons of Song Emperor Huizong after they took away their original Chinese wives. The Jin Jurchens told the Chinese Song royals that they were fortunate because the Liao Khitan royals were being treated much worse by the Jurchen than the Song Chinese royals. Jurchen soldiers were given the children of the Liao Khitan Tianzuo Emperor as gifts while the Song Emperor was allowed to keep his children while he was in captivity.
In 1137, the Jin Empire formally notified the Southern Song Empire about the death of the former Emperor Huizong. Emperor Huizong, who had lived in opulence and art for the first half of his life, died a broken man in faraway northern Heilongjiang in June 1135, at the age of 52.
A few years later (1141), as the peace negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Shaoxing between the Jin and the Song empires were proceeding, the Jin Empire posthumously honored the former Emperor Huizong with the neutral-sounding title of "Prince of Tianshui Commandery" (天水郡王), after a commandery Tianshui in the upper reaches of the Wei River, which is the traditional Junwang (郡望, zh) of the surname Zhao.
Art, calligraphy, music, and culture
Emperor Huizong was a great painter, poet, and calligrapher. He was also a player of the guqin (as exemplified by his famous painting 聽琴圖 Listening to the Qin); he also had a Wanqin Tang (萬琴堂; "10,000 Qin Hall") in his palace.
The emperor took huge efforts to search for art masters. He established the "Hanlin Huayuan" (翰林畫院; "Hanlin imperial painting house") where top painters around China shared their best works.
The primary subjects of his paintings are birds and flowers. Among his works is Five-Colored Parakeet on Blossoming Apricot Tree. He also recopied Zhang Xuan's painting Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk, and Emperor Huizong's reproduction is the only copy of that painting that survives today.
Emperor Huizong invented the "Slender Gold" (瘦金體) style of calligraphy. The name "Slender Gold" came from the fact that the emperor's writing resembled gold filament, twisted and turned.
One of the emperor's era names, Xuanhe, is also used to describe a style of mounting paintings in scroll format. In this style, black borders are added between some of the silk planes.
In 1114, following a request from the Goryeo ruler Yejong, Emperor Huizong sent to the palace in the Goryeo capital at Gaeseong a set of musical instruments to be used for royal banquet music. Two years later, in 1116, he sent another, even larger gift of musical instruments (numbering 428 in total) to the Goryeo court, this time yayue instruments, beginning that nation's tradition of aak.
Emperor Huizong was also a great tea enthusiast. He wrote the Treatise on Tea, the most detailed and masterful description of the Song sophisticated style of tea ceremony.
Emperor Huizong's famous descendant was Zhao Mengfu through his daughter Zhao Jinluo.
File:Court ladies pounding silk from a painting (捣练图) by Emperor Huizong.jpg|Women preparing silk, a Chinese silk painting by Emperor Huizong of Song, early 12th century.
File:Meister nach Chang Hsüan 001.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Ladies making silk, (a remake of an 8th-century original by artist Zhang Xuan)
File:Songhuizong8.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Ting Qin Tu (Chinese: 聽琴圖, literally "Listening to the Qin"
File:Songhuizong.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song (Poem and Calligraphy)
File:Songhuizong3.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Plum and Birds
File:Songhuizong4.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Golden Pheasant and Cotton Rose Flowers
File:Songhuizong6.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Dragon Stone
File:Songhuizong5.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Cranes 1112
File:Songhuizong9.jpg|Emperor Huizong of Song, Classic Thousand-character Grass script
Family
Consorts and Issue:
• Empress Xiangong, of the Wang clan (顯恭皇后 王氏; 1084–1108)
• Zhao Huan, Qinzong (欽宗 趙桓; 1100–1156), first son
• Princess Rongde (榮德帝姬; b. 1103), personal name Jinnu (金奴), second (second) daughter
• Married Cao Cheng (曹晟; 1104–1127) in 1115
• Married Wanyan Chang (完顏昌; d. 1139) in 1127
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150) in 1139
• Empress Xiansu, of the Zheng clan (顯肅皇后 鄭氏; 1079–1131)
• Princess Jiade (嘉德帝姬; 1100–1141), personal name Yupan (玉盤), first (first) daughter
• Married Ceng Yin (曾夤; b. 1100) in 1115, and had issue (two daughters)
• Married Wanyan Zongpan (完顏宗磐; d. 1139), the first son of Wanyan Sheng, in 1127
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150) in 1139
• Zhao Cheng, Prince Yan (兗王 趙檉; 1101), second son
• Princess Shoushu (壽淑帝姬), fourth daughter
• Princess Ande (安德帝姬; 1106–1127), personal name Jinluo (金羅), eighth (third) daughter
• Married Song Bangguang (宋邦光; b. 1106), and had issue (one daughter)
• Married Wanyan Dumu (完顏阇母; 1090–1129), the 11th son of Wanyan Helibo, in 1127
• Princess Rongshu (榮淑帝姬), 11th daughter
• Princess Chengde (成德帝姬; b. 1110), personal name Hu'er (瑚兒), 13th (fifth) daughter
• Married Xiang Zifang (向子房; b. 1110)
• Empress Mingda, of the Liu clan (明達皇后 劉氏; d. 1113)
• Princess Anshu (安淑帝姬), sixth daughter
• Princess Maode (茂德帝姬; 1106–1128), personal name Fujin (福金), ninth (fourth) daughter
• Married Cai Tiao (蔡鞗; b. 1107), the fifth son of Cai Jing, in 1120, and had issue (one son)
• Married Wanyan Zongwang (完顏宗望; d. 1127), the second son of Wanyan Min, in 1127
• Married Wanyan Xiyin (d. 1140) in 1127
• Zhao Yu, Prince Yi (益王 趙棫; 1107–1137), eighth son
• Zhao Mo, Prince Qi (祁王 趙模; 1107–1138), 11th son
• Princess Xunde (洵德帝姬; b. 1110), personal name Fujin (富金), 14th (sixth) daughter
• Married Tian Pi (田丕; b. 1110)
• Married Wanyan Sheyema (完顏設也馬), the first son of Wanyan Zonghan, in 1127
• Zhao Zhen, Prince Xin (信王 趙榛; 1111–1139), 18th son
• Empress Mingjie, of the Liu clan (明節皇后 劉氏; 1088–1121)
• Zhao Yang, Prince Jian'an (建安王 趙柍; 1115–1127), 25th son
• Princess Hefu (和福帝姬; b. 1116), personal name Jinzhu (金珠), 29th (17th) daughter
• Zhao Yi, Duke Jia (嘉公 趙椅; 1118–1130), 26th son
• Zhao Si, Duke Ying (英公 趙楒; b. 1120), 28th son
• Empress Xianren, of the Wei clan (顯仁皇后 韋氏; 1080–1159)
• Zhao Gou, Gaozong (高宗 趙構; 1107–1187), ninth son
• Guifei, of the Wang clan (懿肅貴妃 王氏; d. 1117)
• Princess Huishu (惠淑帝姬), fifth daughter
• Princess Kangshu (康淑帝姬), tenth daughter
• Zhao Zhi, Prince Shen (莘王 趙植; 1108–1148), 12th son
• Princess Roufu (柔福帝姬; 1111–1142), personal name Huanhuan (嬛嬛), 20th (tenth) daughter
• Married Wanyan Zongwang (完顏宗望; d. 1127), the second son of Wanyan Min, in 1127
• Married Wanyan Zongxian (完顏宗賢; d. 1150) in 1127
• Married Wanyan Sheng (1075–1135) in 1127
• Married Wanyan Zongxian (完顏宗賢; d. 1150)
• Married Xu Hai (徐還)
• Princess Xianfu (賢福帝姬; 1112–1127), personal name Jin'er (金兒), 26th (15th) daughter
• Zhao Ji, Duke Chen (陳公 趙機; 1114), 22nd son
• Guifei, of the Wang clan (貴妃 王氏)
• Zhao Kai, Prince Yun (鄆王 趙楷; 1101–1130), third son
• Princess Chongde (崇德帝姬; d. 1121), seventh daughter
• Married Cao Shi (曹湜) in 1119
• Princess Baoshu (保淑帝姬), 12th daughter
• Princess Xishu (熙福帝姬), 16th daughter
• Zhao Chan, Duke Xiang (相公 趙梴; 1112–1137), 23rd son
• Guifei, of the Qiao clan (貴妃 喬氏; b. 1081)
• Zhao Qi, Prince Jing (景王 趙杞; 1104–1138), sixth son
• Zhao Xu, Prince Ji (濟王 趙栩; b. 1106), seventh son
• Guifei, of the Cui clan (貴妃 崔氏; 1091–1130)
• Princess Daomu (悼穆帝姬), personal name Jinxian (金仙), 15th daughter
• Princess Dunfu (敦福帝姬), personal name Sanjin (三金), 21st daughter
• Zhao Chun, Prince Han (漢王 趙椿; 1112–1113), 19th son
• Princess Renfu (仁福帝姬; 1112–1127), personal name Xiangyun (香雲), 23rd (12th) daughter
• Princess Yongfu (永福帝姬; b. 1112), personal name Fubao (佛保), 25th (14th) daughter
• Princess Ningfu (寧福帝姬; b. 1114), personal name Chuanzhu (串珠), 28th (16th) daughter
• Married Wanyan Zongjuan (完顏宗雋; d. 1139), the sixth son of Wanyan Min, in 1127, and had issue (one son)
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150) in 1139
• Guifei, of the Wang clan (貴妃 王氏; 1092–1127)
• Zhao E, Prince Yi (沂王 趙㮙; 1110–1132), 15th son
• Princess Shenfu (申福帝姬), 27th daughter
• Xianfei, of the Yang clan (賢妃 楊氏; d. 1115)
• Princess Shunshu (順淑帝姬), third daughter
• Zhao Shi, Prince He (和王 趙栻; 1111–1128), 17th son
• Wanrong, of the Wang clan (婉容 王氏)
• Princess Huifu (惠福帝姬 趙珠珠; b. 1112), personal name Zhuzhu (珠珠), 24th (13th) daughter
• Married Wanyan Xiebao (完顏斜保), the second son of Wanyan Zonghan, in 1127, and had issue (one son)
• Wanrong, of the Yan clan (婉容 閻氏; 1109–1133), personal name Baose (寶瑟)
• Zhao Zhu (趙柱; b. 1130), 34th son
• Zhaoyuan, of the Zheng clan (昭媛 鄭氏), personal name Meiniang (媚娘)
• Zhao Tan (趙檀; b. 1131), 35th son
• Xiurong, of the Han clan (修容 韓氏)
• Princess Baofu (保福帝姬; 1112–1127), personal name Xianlang (仙郎), 22nd (11th) daughter
• Jieyu, of the Wang clan (婕妤 王氏)
• Zhao Ji (趙極; b. 1127), 33rd son
• Cairen, of the Qiao clan (才人 喬氏)
• Princess Xiande (顯德帝姬; b. 1111), personal name Qiaoyun (巧雲), 17th (seventh) daughter
• Married Liu Wenyan (劉文彥)
• Unknown
• Zhao Ji, Prince Jing (荊王 趙楫; 1102–1103), fourth son
• Zhao Shu, Prince Su (肅王 趙樞; 1103–1130), fifth son
• Zhao Cai, Prince Bin (邠王 趙材; 1107–1116), tenth son
• Zhao Pu, Prince Yi (儀王 趙樸; 1109–1123), 13th son
• Zhao Di, Prince Xu (徐王 趙棣; b. 1109), 14th son
• Zhao Gong, Prince Yun (鄆王 趙栱; 1110–1112), 16th son
• Zhao Wo, Prince Ankang (安康王 趙楃; b. 1112), 20th son
• Zhao Jian, Prince Guangping (廣平王 趙楗; b. 1112), 21st son
• Zhao Yue, Duke Ying (瀛公 趙樾; 1115–1131), 24th son
• Zhao Dong, Duke Wen (溫公 趙棟; b. 1119), 27th son
• Zhao Tong, Duke Yi (儀公 趙桐; 1121–1148), 29th son
• Zhao Bing, Duke Chang (昌公 趙柄; 1122–1132), 30th son
• Zhao Cong, Duke Run (潤公 趙樅; b. 1123), 31st son
• Zhao Xiang, Duke Han (韓公 趙相; b. 1125), 32nd son
• Princess Shunde (順德帝姬; 1111–1137), personal name Yingluo (纓絡), 18th (eighth) daughter
• Married Xiang Ziyi (向子扆; b. 1111)
• Married Wanyan Zonghan (1080–1137) in 1127
• Married Wanyan Shengunai (完顏什古乃) in 1137
• Princess Yifu (儀福帝姬; b. 1111), personal name Yuanzhu (圓珠), 19th (ninth) daughter
• Married Wanyan Zongbi (d. 1148)
• Princess Lingfu (令福帝姬; b. 1118), personal name Jinyin (金印), 30th (18th) daughter
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150)
• Princess Huafu (華福帝姬; b. 1119), personal name Saiyue (賽月), 31st (19th) daughter
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150)
• Princess Qingfu (慶福帝姬; b. 1121), personal name Jingu (金姑), 32nd (20th) daughter
• Married Wanyan Dan (1119–1150)
• Princess Chunfu (純福帝姬; b. 1124), personal name Jinling (金鈴), 33rd (21st) daughter
• Married Wanyan Sheyema (完顏設也馬), the first son of Wanyan Zonghan
• Married Wang Chengdi (王成棣)
• Princess Gongfu (恭福帝姬), personal name Xiaojin (小金), 34th daughter
• Princess Quanfu (全福帝姬), 35th daughter
• Married Li Dunfu (李敦复)
Ancestry
徽宗為宋神宗十一子,宋哲宗之弟,先後被封為遂寧王、端王。其兄長宋哲宗于公元1100年正月病逝時無子,向太后于同月立其為帝,並垂簾聽政一年,第二年改年號為「建中靖國」。徽宗朝時期政治腐敗,民不聊生,爆發宋江起義、方臘起義等多次民變。靖康元年(1126年)金兵兵臨城下,禪位于太子欽宗,二年國亡被俘北上,金天會十三年(1135年)因病亡于五國城,終年54歲。宋金紹興和議後于紹興十二年(1142年)歸葬紹興永祐陵。
Read more...: 生平經歷 身後 授予官職 宰相 其他大臣 女官 國夫人 郡夫人 夫人 軼事典故 黃河清,聖人生 青樓天子 藝術成就 歷史評價 家族 祖先 妻妾 皇后 妃 嬪 婕妤 才人 貴人 美人 兒子 女兒 藝術形象 注釋
生平經歷
徽宗為神宗第十一子,哲宗弟,生於元豐五年(1082年)十月。六年(1083年)正月,賜名佶。十月,授鎮寧軍節度使、檢校太尉、上柱國、封寧國公、食邑三千戶、實封一千戶。八年(1085年)三月,加開府儀同三司、進封遂寧郡王。紹聖三年(1096年)三月,改平江鎮江軍兩鎮節度使、進封端王。五年(1098年)三月,加司空、改昭德彰信軍兩鎮節度使。原本未必有機會繼承大統,哲宗於元符三年(1100年)正月崩殂,無子,故宋室由哲宗眾弟中尋找繼承人。本來哲宗眾弟中以保平泰寧軍節度使、司空、開府儀同三司、申王趙佖最長,惜因患有眼疾而不被選為繼位者,故以當時封為端王的徽宗繼承大統。金紫光祿大夫、尚書左僕射兼門下侍郎章惇曾反對端王繼位,反而建議立哲宗同母弟檢校太尉、開府儀同三司、橫海鎮江軍節度使、簡王趙似,但向太后支持端王繼位,故端王即皇帝位。
建中靖國元年(1101年)正月,向太后去世,徽宗皇帝親政。親政後,「妄耗百出,不可勝數」,過分追求奢侈生活。他命人在江南地區搜集奇花異石運到汴京開封府,用以修建艮岳等工程浩大的園林宮殿。花石綱所到之處,當地需付民役錢糧以供運輸,而本地交通盡斷,甚至城郭被毀。崇信道教,尊號「教主道君皇帝」。任用貪官宦官橫徵暴斂,其中以新黨蔡京任丞相與宦官童貫為將軍所引致的問題最嚴重。所作所為激起各地民變,梁山起義和方臘起義相繼爆發。
徽宗好大喜功,不顧宋遼兩朝依澶淵之盟已百年和平相處,于宣和二年(1120年),與金國結成「海上之盟」,聯合滅遼。1122年,金軍攻克遼南京(今北京市),1124年金軍滅遼國。
宣和七年(1125年)十月,金太宗遣諳班勃極烈完顏斜也、完顏宗望、乙室勃極烈完顏宗翰分兩路南下入侵北宋。宣和七年十二月二十三日(1126年1月18日),徽宗無法應付,急忙禪讓天子的寶座給他兒子宋欽宗去對付,自己則當太上皇並出逃,但終究無法挽回局勢。金軍暫退後,徽宗回京,居龍德宮,實際上被欽宗軟禁,甚至連在過壽時給欽宗敬的酒欽宗也不喝,氣得哭著回宮。
靖康元年(1126年)八月,金太宗再次命東、西兩路軍大舉南下,《三朝北盟會編卷六十九》等史書記載宋兵部尚書孫傅把希望放在禁軍老兵郭京身上,郭京偽稱精通佛道二教之法術,能施道門「六甲法」,用七千七百七十七人布陣,並會佛教「毘沙門天王像法」,布陣畫像,但神兵大敗,金兵分四路乘機攻入城內,金軍攻佔了帝都汴京。宋欽宗遣使臣何㮚到金營請和,宗翰、宗望二帥不允。金軍提出見徽宗,欽宗不肯。北宋靖康二年(金天會五年)正月,欽宗親自請和被扣押,宋將范瓊變節將徽宗、宗室、后妃公主等交給金軍。二月初六(1127年3月20日),金太宗下詔廢徽、欽二帝,貶為庶人。徽欽二帝被俘北上,宋高宗南下杭州改稱臨安,史稱靖康之變,北宋自此滅亡。七月二十日,二帝遷到中京(今北京市),父子抱頭痛哭。
天會六年(1128年)八月二十一日抵達金上京會寧府。二十四日,二帝及男女宋俘均坦胸赤背,身披羊皮,跪拜金太祖廟,行「牽羊禮」,在乾元殿拜謁金太宗完顏吳乞買。金太宗封宋徽宗為昏德公,欽宗為重昏侯。十月二十六日,二帝遷往韓州(今遼寧昌圖八面城)。在韓州,金人將城內女真住戶全部遷出,只供二帝等二千餘宋俘居住。據《宋俘記》載:「給田四十五頃,種蒔自給」。據《南征錄彙》,這還是金國二太子完顏宗望(劫宋徽宗之女茂德帝姬為妻)格外開恩的結果,其要求性格兇狠的完顏宗翰等不可像虐待遼天祚帝那樣對待宋朝的徽欽兩帝。
天會八年(1130年)七月,又將二帝遷到五國城(今黑龍江省依蘭縣城北舊古城)軟禁。到達五國城時,隨行男女僅140餘人。流放期間徽宗仍雅好寫詩,讀唐代李泌傳,感觸頗深。五年後,天會十三年(南宋紹興五年,1135年)四月,病死於五國城。照當地習俗火葬。
身後
金皇統元年(1141年)二月,金熙宗為改善與南宋的關係,追封徽宗為天水郡王,將欽宗封為天水郡公。第一提高了級別,原來封徽宗為二品昏德公,追封為王升為一品,原封欽宗為三品重昏侯,現封為公升為二品。第二是去掉了原封號中的侮辱含義。第三是以趙姓天水郡望之為封號,以示尊重。同時南宋朝廷解除了岳飛、韓世忠、劉錡、楊沂中等將領的兵權,為紹興和議做好了準備。十一月間,宋金為紹興和議達成書面協議。十二月末除夕夜(1142年1月27日),宋高宗賜死岳飛,據《宋史》載是為了滿足完顏宗弼議和所設前提。紹興十二年(1142年)三月,宋金《紹興和議》徹底完成所有手續。夏四月丁卯(1142年5月1日),高宗生母韋賢妃同徽宗棺槨得以歸宋。同年八月,十餘輛牛車到達臨安。十月,宋高宗將徽宗暫葬于會稽(今浙江省紹興市),名曰永固陵(後改名永祐陵)。
授予官職
宰相
• 章惇
• 曾布
• 蔡京
• 何執中
• 張商英
• 鄭居中
• 余深
• 王黼
• 白時中
• 李邦彥:浪子宰相
• 張邦昌
• 吳敏
• 唐恪
• 何㮚
其他大臣
• 蔡卞
• 蔡攸(蔡京之子)
• 蔡懋
• 王安中
• 童貫
• 高俅
• 梁師成
• 張叔夜
• 种師道
• 薛昂
• 鄧洵武
女官
• 夫人
國夫人
• 福國夫人邢佛迷
• 華國靖恭夫人李春燕,李氏在靖康之變後要求大楚皇帝張邦昌給予其皇后名號。高宗把李春燕處以杖刑,與兵卒結婚。
• 衛國夫人顧福雲,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 順國夫人王杏林,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 定國夫人李醉仙桃,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 景國夫人張小花,入俞睹寨。
• 徐國夫人邢柳姊,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 益國夫人劉百哥,入兀室寨。
• 榮國夫人韋月姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 許國夫人劉鴛鴦,入婁宿寨。
• 紀國夫人顧小郎,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 魯國夫人徐春羅,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 鄒國夫人吳富奴,入婁宿寨。
• 慎國夫人任蕙卿,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 承國夫人吳端姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 應國夫人平氏,靖康之變時已亡故。
郡夫人
• 鉅鹿夫人朱燕姑,入婁宿寨。
• 平原夫人劉春芳,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 會稽夫人謝三奴,入寶山大王寨。
• 河間夫人劉月奴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 榆林夫人任玉桃,入寶山大王寨。
• 陳留夫人吳阿奴,入寶山大王寨。
• 壽陽夫人李巧郎,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 清河夫人張月仙,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 三原夫人王賽蓮花,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 江夏夫人黃觀音奴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 康平夫人王金姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 榮陽夫人張花媚,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 河內夫人鄭佛保佑,入寶山大王寨。
• 宏農夫人楊春鶯,入真珠大王寨。
• 太原夫人王紅奴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 南陽夫人王貓兒,入兀室寨。
• 郡國夫人陳桃花,入真珠大王寨。
• 郡國夫人曹大姑,入真珠大王寨。
• 淮南夫人嚴氏,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 河東夫人席氏,靖康之變時已亡故。
夫人
• 夫人王月奴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人紀男郎,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人鄭巧巧,入俞睹寨。
• 夫人楊吉保,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人芮二南
• 夫人葉金姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人惲花雲,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人劉阿奴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人黃朱紅,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人褚醉觀音,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人陽三姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人潘玉兒,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人文楊妃,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人向岫雲,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人荀玉虎兒,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人李雙飛,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人張貝姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人姜銀鈴,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人費蘭姑,入婁宿寨。
• 夫人霍小鳳,入高慶裔寨。
• 夫人江和姑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人鍾大寶佛,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人喬瑞芳,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人彭佛哥,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人曾四面笑,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人沈金男,入劉思寨。
• 夫人田倩雲,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人章好郎,入兀室寨。
• 夫人何青鳳,入高慶裔寨。
• 夫人梁溫和,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人孫星奴,入兀室寨。
• 夫人馬蘭秀,入劉思寨。
• 夫人于一翦紅,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 夫人王翦雲,若生存則入雲中御寨。
• 顧夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 卜夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 呂夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 唐夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 巴夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 司馬夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 段夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 鄒夫人,靖康之變時已亡故。
軼事典故
黃河清,聖人生
三國時期曹魏李康《運命論》:「夫黃河清而聖人生。」宋徽宗在位時,曾出現過三次「河清」 - 黃河變得清澈的奇觀,使得當時百官彈冠相慶,大肆歌功頌德。在黃河中下游,河水偶爾也有暫時變得清澈的時候,即史書中作為祥瑞記下的「河清」,並不是五百年乃至千年一遇。據地質學史專家李鄂榮先生考証,中國曆史上的「河清」,有記載可查的便有43次,首見于漢桓帝延熹八年(165年),如從此時起算,平均不到40年就有一次。
根據《宋史》,宋徽宗在位年間的三次「河清」,分別為:第一次,大觀元年(1107年),「乾寧軍、同州黃河清。」第二次,大觀二年(1108年),「同州黃河清。」,第三次,大觀三年(1109年),「陝州、同州黃河清。」
大觀元年(1107年)「乾寧軍言黃河清,逾八百里,凡七晝夜,詔以乾寧軍為清州」。「黃河清」被譜寫成新曲流傳,還在韓城建立記載這些祥瑞的「河瀆碑」。此碑至今尚在。
可是僅僅到了立碑15年後的1127年,宋徽宗便和他的兒子宋欽宗一起被金兵俘虜,押到了金朝統治下的東北地區,北宋至此滅亡。被民眾譏為「聖人豈女真人乎?」
青樓天子
在宋代的社會風氣中,文人雅士和歌伎、妓女交往屬于正常現象。民間流傳宋徽宗十分喜歡青樓女子李師師。李師師是北宋東京有名的藝伎,色藝雙絕,詩詞歌賦、笙管笛簫樣樣精通,宋徽宗得知後不顧九五之尊,數次前去青樓與李師師見面。後來在皇宮和妓院之間挖了一條地道,方便和李師師見面,現在在開封的宋城遺址當中,還能看到這個神秘地道的一點痕跡。宋徽宗還和李師師舊時相好的著名的詞人周邦彥,爭風吃醋,不久便在整個東京城傳得沸沸揚揚。
藝術成就
宋徽宗酷愛藝術,在位時將藝術的地位提到在中國曆史上最高的位置,成立翰林書畫院,即當時的宮廷畫院。
更特別的是以畫作為科舉升官的一種考試方法,每年以詩詞做題目曾刺激出許多新的創意佳話。如題目為「山中藏古寺」,許多人畫深山寺院飛簷,但得第一名的沒有畫任何房屋,只畫了一個和尚在山溪挑水;另題為「踏花歸去馬蹄香」,得第一名的沒有畫任何花卉,只畫了一人騎馬,有蝴蝶飛繞馬蹄間,凡此等等。這些都極大地刺激了中國畫意境的發展。
他對自然觀察入微,曾寫到:「孔雀登高,必先舉左腿」等有關繪畫的理論文章。廣泛搜集歷代文物,令下屬編輯《宣和書譜》、《宣和畫譜》、《宣和博古錄》等著名美術史書籍。對研究美術史有相當大的貢獻。
趙佶還喜愛在自己喜歡的書畫上題詩作跋,後人把這種畫叫「御題畫」。由于許多畫上並沒有留下作者的名字,他本人又擅長繪畫。對鑑別這些畫是否是趙佶的作品有不小的難度。一般認為《詩帖》在內的書法,以及粗筆的《柳鴨圖》和《池塘秋晚圖》為其繪畫風格,而細筆的《芙蓉錦雞圖》、《臘梅山禽圖》、《竹禽圖》、《四禽圖》等御題畫則尚無定論。
宋徽宗在其創作的書畫上使用一個類似拉長了的「天」字的花押,據說象徵「天下一人」。這也是中國歷史上最出名的花押。
File:Songhuizong5.jpg|瑞鶴圖
File:Songhuizong4.jpg|芙蓉錦雞圖
File:Momohatozu.jpg|桃鳩圖
File:Songhuizong3.jpg|臘梅山禽圖
File:文會圖.jpg|文會圖
File:Songhuizong8.jpg|聽琴圖
File:Songhuizong6.jpg|祥龍石圖
File:Songhuizong.jpg|欲借風霜二詩帖
File:Songhuizong10.jpg|小楷千字文
File:Songhuizong9.jpg|草書千字文
File:Huizong-Calligraphy1.jpg|詩帖
File:T'ien-hsia i-jen.png|花押「天下一人」
歷史評價
• 章惇反對宋徽宗即位時曾說:「端王輕佻,不可以君天下。」
• 元朝官修正史《宋史》脫脫等的評價是:「宋中葉之禍,章、蔡首惡,趙良嗣厲階。然哲宗之崩,徽宗未立,惇謂其輕佻不可以君于下。遼天祚之亡,張覺舉平州來歸,良嗣以為納之失信于金,必啟外侮。使二人之計行,宋不立徽宗,不納張覺,金雖強,何釁以伐宋哉?以是知事變之來,雖小人亦能知之,而君子有所不能制也。跡徽宗失國之由,非若晉惠之愚、孫皓之暴,亦非有曹、馬之篡奪,特恃其私智小慧,用心一偏,疏斥正士,狎近奸諛。于是蔡京以獧薄巧佞之資,濟其驕奢淫佚之志。溺信虛無,崇飾游觀,困竭民力。君臣逸豫,相為誕謾,怠棄國政,日行無稽。及童貫用事,又佳兵勤遠,稔禍速亂。他日國破身辱,遂與石晉重貴同科,豈得諉諸數哉?昔西周新造之邦,召公猶告武王以不作無益害有益,不貴異物賤用物,況宣、政之為宋,承熙、豐、紹聖椓喪之餘,而徽宗又躬蹈二事之弊乎?自古人君玩物而喪志,縱慾而敗度,鮮不亡者,徽宗甚焉,故特著以為戒。」
• 《靖康稗史箋證》卷5《呻吟語》記:「二王令成棣譯詢宮中事:道宗五七日必御一處女,得御一次即畀位號,續幸一次進一階。退位後,出宮女六千人,宜其亡國。」
• 元朝脫脫撰《宋史》的《徽宗記》,不由擲筆嘆曰:「宋徽宗諸事皆能,獨不能為君耳!」
• 1964年3月24日,毛澤東在一次談話評點知識分子型皇帝說:「可不要看不起老粗。知識分子是比較最沒有出息的。歷史上當皇帝,有許多是知識分子,是沒有出息的,隋煬帝就是一個會做文章、詩詞的人。陳後主、李後主都是能詩能賦的人。宋徽宗既能寫詩,又能繪畫。一些老粗能辦大事情,成吉思汗、劉邦、朱元璋。」
家族
祖先
妻妾
據《開封府狀》統計,靖康之難時,徽宗的妃嬪共一百四十三人,女官及宮女多達五百零四人。
皇后
• 顯恭皇后王氏,元配,生宋欽宗趙桓和榮德帝姬趙金奴。初謚「靜和皇后」,靖康之變前已亡故。
• 顯肅皇后鄭氏,繼室皇后,原為慈德宮欽聖皇后向氏之侍女。初封賢妃,又封貴妃,欽宗即位後尊為太上皇后。生兗王趙檉、嘉德帝姬趙玉盤、安德帝姬趙金羅、壽淑帝姬、榮淑帝姬、成德帝姬趙瑚兒。被金兵擄入五國城後病逝。
• 尊封顯仁皇后韋氏,原為顯肅皇后鄭氏之侍女,宋高宗趙構母。初封平昌郡君,累進為婉容。靖康初因子送往金營為質,晉龍德宮賢妃。靖康之難被擄入洗衣院。宋高宗趙構即位後,被遙尊為「宣和皇后」,後迎回為皇太后。
• 追贈明達皇后劉氏,明節皇后劉氏之養母。由才人晉貴妃。生濟陽益王趙棫,祁王趙模,信王趙榛,茂德帝姬,安淑帝姬,洵德帝姬。靖康之變前已亡故。
• 追贈明節皇后劉氏,原為昭懷皇后劉氏之侍女,明達皇后之養女。初封為才人,後晉封淑妃,稱「九華玉真安妃」。生建安郡王趙柍、嘉國公趙椅、英國公趙楒和和福帝姬。靖康之變前已亡故。
妃
• 貴妃王氏,原為慈德宮欽聖皇后向氏之侍女初,封壽昌郡君,累進為貴妃。生鄆王趙楷、崇德帝姬、保淑帝姬、熙淑帝姬、相國公趙梴。靖康之變前已亡故。
• 懿肅貴妃王氏,生莘王趙植、陳國公趙機、惠淑帝姬、康淑帝姬、柔福帝姬、賢福帝姬。靖康之變前已亡故。
• 貴妃王氏,初封平昌郡君,累進為貴妃。生沂王趙㮙與申福帝姬。靖康之變時被俘。
• 追贈賢妃楊氏,初封永嘉郡君,累進修容,追贈賢妃。生順淑帝姬、和王趙栻。靖康之變前已亡故。
• 貴妃喬氏,原為顯肅皇后鄭氏之侍女。生景王趙杞,濟王趙栩。與顯仁皇后結義金蘭,靖康之難被擄。
• 貴妃崔氏,初封平昌郡君,累進淑妃、貴妃。生徽福帝姬趙金仙、敦福帝姬趙三金、漢王趙椿、寧福帝姬趙串珠、仁福帝姬趙香雲、永福帝姬趙佛保。徽宗因懷疑崔氏以巫蠱之術害死明節皇后劉氏而貶其為庶人,靖康之變時被俘。
嬪
• 貴儀金秋月,入蕭慶寨。
• 貴儀朱桂林,被俘。
• 淑儀金弄玉,入額魯觀寨。
• 曹淑儀,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 原封淑儀黃金娥,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 婉儀林月姊,被俘。
• 褚婉儀,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 順儀曹柔,被俘。
• 順容徐散花,被俘。
• 順容周鏡秋,被俘。
• 淑容陳嬌子,入額魯觀寨。
• 淑容裴月裏嫦娥 入額魯觀寨。
• 婉容任金奴,被俘。
• 婉容王月宮,被俘。
• 婉容閻寶瑟,因懷孕而賜還給被俘的徽宗。於金國生下趙柱。
• 徐婉容,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 追贈昭儀夏氏,原為典闈。
• 昭儀朱素輝,入蕭慶寨。
• 劉昭儀,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 昭容李珠媛,入葛思美寨。
• 昭容王三寶奴,被俘。
• 昭媛鄭媚娘,被俘。在金國生趙檀。
• 蔣昭媛,靖康之變時已亡故。
• 修儀蔣敬身,被俘。
• 修儀陸嬌奴,被俘。
• 修容黃寶琴,被俘。
• 修容毛朱英,被俘。
• 修媛陳大和,被俘。
• 充儀申觀音,入額魯觀寨。
• 充儀左寶琴,入蕭慶寨。
• 充容秦懷珊,被俘。
• 充容劉新劉娘,入蕭慶寨。
• 充媛奚巧芳,被俘。
• 充媛席珠珠,初封美人,入葛思美寨。
婕妤
• 大王婕妤,到達燕山後歸還已懷孕的王氏予徽宗。
• 小王婕妤,到達燕山後歸還已懷孕的王氏予徽宗。於金國生趙極。
• 婕妤奚拂拂,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤裴寶卿,曾封奉國夫人,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤管蕓香,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤謝詠絮,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤江鳳羽,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤邱巧雲,曾封貴人,在旅途中死亡。
• 婕妤劉蜂腰,曾封美人,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤郭小奴,曾封夫人,在旅途中死亡。
• 婕妤劉菊仙,曾封平國夫人,入上京洗衣院。
• 婕妤閻月媚,曾封三水夫人,入上京洗衣院。
才人
• 才人朱柳腰,入上京洗衣院。
• 才人莫青蓮,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人葉小紅,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人周春桃,到達燕山後歸還已懷孕的周氏予徽宗。
• 才人曹小佛奴,原為寧德太后鄭氏之侍女,入葛思美寨。
• 才人李鐵笛,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人狄金奴,到逹燕山後被還給徽宗。
• 才人邵元奴,原為開封名妓,到達燕山後歸還已懷孕的邵氏予徽宗。
• 才人方朝雲,在旅途中死亡。
• 才人邢心香,曾封夫人,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人姚小嬌奴,曾封夫人,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人羅醉楊妃,曾封夫人,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人程雲仙,曾封夫人,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人高曉雲,曾封南徐夫人,與另外二十人入寨。
• 才人金小金雞,與另外二十人入寨。
• 褚才人,靖康之變時已亡故。
貴人
• 貴人邢小金,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人盧嫋嫋,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人周河南,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人景櫻桃,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人何羞金,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人辛香奴,與另外二十人入寨。
• 貴人衛佛面,曾封美人,在旅途中死亡。
• 馮貴人,靖康之變時已亡故。
美人
• 美人徐癸癸,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人朱鳳雲,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人馮寶玉兒,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人芮春雲,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人曹串珠,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人顧貓兒,與另外二十人入寨。
• 美人俞小蓮,入上京洗衣院。
• 李美人,靖康之變時已亡故。
兒子
宋徽宗共有38子
• 趙桓,宋欽宗,北宋末代皇帝,母顯恭皇后王氏
• 趙檉,早殤,母顯肅皇后鄭氏。追封兗王
• 趙楷,封鄆王,被俘北上,母大王貴妃
• 趙楫,早殤,封荊王
• 趙樞,封肅王,被俘北上
• 趙杞,封景王,被俘北上
• 趙栩,封濟王,被俘北上,母喬貴妃
• 趙棫,封益王,被俘北上,母貴妃劉氏(明達皇后)
• 趙材,早殤,封邠王
• 趙模,封祁王,被俘北上,母貴妃劉氏(明達皇后)
• 趙植,封莘王,被俘北上,母懿肅貴妃王氏
• 趙樸,封儀王
• 趙棣,封徐王,被俘北上
• 趙㮙,封沂王,被俘北上,母小王貴妃
• 趙栱,早殤,封鄆王
• 趙栻,封和王,被俘北上,母楊賢妃
• 趙榛,封信王,母貴妃劉氏(明達皇后)
• 趙椿,早殤,封漢王
• 趙楃,封安康郡王,被俘北上
• 趙楗,封廣平郡王,被俘北上
• 趙機,早殤,封陳國公,母懿肅貴妃王氏
• 趙梴,封相國公,被俘北上
• 趙樾,封瀛國公,被俘北上
• 趙柍,封建安郡王,母貴妃劉氏(明節皇后)
• 趙椅,封嘉國公,被俘北上,母貴妃劉氏(明節皇后)
• 趙棟,封溫國公,被俘北上
• 趙楒,封英國公,被俘北上,母貴妃劉氏(明節皇后)
• 趙桐,封儀國公,被俘北上
• 趙柄,封昌國公,被俘北上
• 趙樅,封潤國公,被俘北上
• 趙相,封韓國公,被俘北上
• 趙極,母小王婕妤,被金兵俘虜途中出生
• 趙柱,母婉容閻寶瑟,生于金國
• 趙檀,母昭媛鄭媚娘,生于金國
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女兒
政和三年,公主改稱為帝姬。宋徽宗還有34女(見《宋史》和《靖康稗史箋證》中《開封府狀》《宋俘記》《呻吟語》《青宮譯語》等):
• 嘉德帝姬趙玉盤:母顯肅皇后鄭氏,建中靖國元年六月,封德慶公主。改封嘉福,尋改號帝姬,再封嘉德。靖康之變時28歲,初嫁左衛將軍曾夤,靖康之變後,為金宋王完顏宗磐妾,完顏宗磐被金熙宗誅殺後,嘉德帝姬沒入宮中侍金熙宗,死于天眷三年十二月,後追封夫人。
• 榮德帝姬趙金奴:母顯恭皇后王氏。初封永慶公主,改封榮福。尋改號帝姬,再封榮德。靖康之變時25歲,初嫁左衛將軍曹晟。靖康之變後,為金完顏昌之妾,完顏昌為金熙宗誅殺後,榮德帝姬入宮中侍金熙宗,金皇統二年封夫人。
• 安德帝姬趙金羅:母顯肅皇后鄭氏,初封淑慶公主,改封安福。尋改號帝姬,再封安德。靖康之變時22歲,初嫁宋左衛將軍邦光,1127年靖康之變後為金之都統完顏闍母所占,于同年十月二十六日即被折磨死于完顏闍母寨。
• 茂德帝姬趙福金:母明達皇后劉氏,初封延慶公主,改封康福。尋改號帝姬,再封茂德。靖康之變時22歲,初嫁宣和殿待制蔡鞗,茂德帝姬容貌最美,因而為金人指名索要和親,為第一批送入金營者。茂德帝姬先為金二皇子完顏宗望所占,後完顏宗望死,又為完顏希尹所占。第二年,即天會六年八月即被折磨死于完顏希尹寨。
• 成德帝姬趙瑚兒:母顯肅皇后鄭氏,靖康之變時18歲,初嫁向子房,入金後入洗衣院。此後未見其出洗衣院之記載。
• 洵德帝姬趙富金:母明達皇后劉氏,靖康之變時18歲,初嫁田丕,靖康之變後,為金珍珠大王完顏設也馬之妾,設也馬即國相完顏宗翰之子。
• 顯德帝姬趙巧雲:靖康之變時17歲,初嫁劉文彥,入金後入洗衣院。此後未見其出洗衣院之記載。
• 順德帝姬趙纓絡:母懿肅貴妃王氏。靖康之變時17歲,初嫁向子扆,靖康之變後,為完顏宗翰所占,後離開完顏宗翰寨去五國城,為金東路都統習古國王按打曷所拘,很快死于按打曷寨中。
• 儀福帝姬趙圓珠:靖康之變時17歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,為四皇子完顏宗弼所占。
• 柔福帝姬趙多富:又名嬛嬛,母懿肅貴妃王氏。靖康之變時17歲,未嫁,靖康之變後先為完顏宗望所得,北上時又為蓋天大王完顏宗賢所占,間且為千戶國祿所占,完顏宗賢見國祿與其同馬,將他殺死並棄屍於河奪之。入金後,為金太宗吳乞買所占,旬入洗衣院,後又為完顏宗賢帶歸,最後完顏宗賢將其嫁于徐還。1130年逃回宋。1142年被宋高宗趙構生母韋氏指為假冒被趙構誅殺。但《隨園隨筆》和《竊憤續錄》認為韋氏在金國也歸蓋天大王完顏宗賢,正好和柔福帝姬共事一夫,回宋後為名聲計殺柔福帝姬以滅口。
• 保福帝姬趙仙郎:靖康之變時16歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,同年三月七日被折磨死于劉家寺。
• 仁福帝姬趙香雲:靖康之變時16歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,同年二月二十五日被折磨死于劉家寺。
• 惠福帝姬趙珠珠:靖康之變時16歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,為寶山大王完顏斜保妾(斜保為完顏宗翰之子,完顏設也馬之弟)。
• 永福帝姬趙佛保:靖康之變時16歲,未嫁,入金後入洗衣院。此後未見其出洗衣院之記載。
• 賢福帝姬趙金兒:靖康之變時16歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,同年二月二十八日被折磨死于劉家寺。
• 寧福帝姬趙串珠:靖康之變時14歲,未嫁,靖康之變後,為兗王完顏宗雋之妾,完顏宗雋被金熙宗誅殺後,寧福帝姬入宮中侍金熙宗,封夫人。
• 和福帝姬趙金珠:母明節皇后劉氏。靖康之變時12歲,入金時候尚幼,入金入洗衣院居住,後未見其出洗衣院之記錄。
• 令福帝姬趙金印:靖康之變時10歲,入金時候尚幼,入金入洗衣院居住,長大後入金宮侍金熙宗,封夫人。
• 華福帝姬趙賽月:靖康之變時9歲,入金時候尚幼,入金入洗衣院居住,長大後入金宮侍金熙宗,封夫人、次妃。
• 慶福帝姬趙金姑:靖康之變時7歲,入金時候尚幼,入金入洗衣院居住,長大後入金宮侍金熙宗,封夫人、次妃。
• 純福帝姬趙金鈴:靖康之變時4歲,入金時候尚幼,入金入洗衣院居住,長大後先為完顏設也馬之妾,後被遣嫁王成棣(即《青宮譯語》之作者)。
以下排名不明:
• 順淑帝姬:政和三年前死于宋。初封順慶公主。薨,追封益國。及改帝姬號,追封順淑。
• 壽淑帝姬:母顯肅皇后鄭氏,政和三年前逝于宋。初封壽慶公主。薨,追封豫國。及改帝姬號,追封壽淑。
• 惠淑帝姬:政和三年前逝于宋。母懿肅貴妃王氏。
• 安淑帝姬:母明達皇后劉氏,政和三年前逝于宋。初封安慶公主,改封隆福。薨,追封蜀國。及改帝姬號,追封安淑。
• 崇德帝姬:宣和二年薨于宋。初封和慶公主,改封崇福。尋改帝姬號。下嫁左衛將軍曹湜。再封崇德。
• 康淑帝姬:政和三年前逝于宋。母懿肅貴妃王氏。
• 榮淑帝姬:母顯肅皇后鄭氏,政和三年前逝于宋。
• 保淑帝姬:政和三年前逝于宋。
• 悼穆帝姬趙金仙:初封徽福公主,政和三年改帝姬,靖康之前薨逝于宋,追封悼穆(感覺象是謚號)。即《開封府狀》之徵福帝姬,「徵」字或恐為「徽」字之誤,亦或相反。
• 熙福帝姬:《宋史》上為「熙淑帝姬」,《宋史》記載:初封熙福公主,及其薨逝,改帝姬,追封熙淑。這可能是《開封府狀》上記載其為「熙福帝姬」的原因。政和三年前逝于宋。
• 敦福帝姬趙三金:政和三年前逝于宋。遍查《宋史》,帝姬無敦福者,政和三年前,公主亦無封敦福者,因此疑敦福帝姬即《宋史》上之「敦淑帝姬」,又《宋史》記載其初封壽福公主。因此疑《開封府狀》上之壽福帝姬和敦福帝姬乃同一人。
• 申福帝姬:政和三年之後薨逝于宋。
• 恭福帝姬趙小金:靖康之變時才一歲,未北遷。
• 全福帝姬:入金後生,嫁西夏李敦復
• 趙氏:入金後生,早殤
另以下2位是34位中的別號。
• 崇國公主,母顯恭皇后王氏
• 衝懿帝姬,母懿肅貴妃王氏
據《靖康稗史箋證》記載,徽宗入五國城後,又生六子八女,全部子女共八十人,可謂歷代皇帝之最。
藝術形象
1986年
• 《盜日英雄傳》新加坡製作30集電視劇(戴鵬飾)
• TVB 林沖:關禮傑飾演宋徽宗
1991年
• 中視李師師:周紹棟飾宋徽宗趙佶
• 湖南電視台李師師/一代名妓李師師:趙宏基飾宋徽宗趙佶
1998年
• 水滸傳:曾宏生飾演宋徽宗
2004年
• 大宋碑歌:孫耀威飾演宋徽宗
2005年
• 驚艷一槍:甄志強飾演宋徽宗
2008年
• 少年四大名捕:于洋飾演宋徽宗
2011年
• 水滸傳:楊子飾演宋徽宗
2012年
• 精忠岳飛:石燕京飾演宋徽宗
年分不明
• 李師師:趙宏基飾演宋徽宗
• 浪子燕青:侯勇飾演宋徽宗
• 四大名捕3:蘇有朋飾演宋徽宗
注釋
Source | Relation | from-date | to-date |
---|---|---|---|
黃鐘徵角調 | creator | ||
宋欽宗 | father | ||
宋高宗 | father | ||
趙㮙 | father | ||
趙朴 | father | ||
趙材 | father | ||
趙杞 | father | ||
趙柄 | father | ||
趙栩 | father | ||
趙栱 | father | ||
趙栻 | father | ||
趙桐 | father | ||
趙梴 | father | ||
趙棟 | father | ||
趙棣 | father | ||
趙棫 | father | ||
趙椅 | father | ||
趙植 | father | ||
趙椿 | father | ||
趙楃 | father | ||
趙楗 | father | ||
趙楧 | father | ||
趙楫 | father | ||
趙楷 | father | ||
趙榛 | father | ||
趙樅 | father | ||
趙樞 | father | ||
趙模 | father | ||
趙樾 | father | ||
趙橞 | father | ||
趙機 | father | ||
趙檉 | father | ||
元符 | ruler | 1100/2/23元符三年正月己卯 | 1101/1/30元符三年十二月辛酉 |
建中靖國 | ruler | 1101/1/31建中靖國元年正月壬戌 | 1102/1/20建中靖國元年十二月丙辰 |
崇寧 | ruler | 1102/1/21崇寧元年正月丁巳 | 1107/1/25崇寧五年十二月丁亥 |
大觀 | ruler | 1107/1/26大觀元年正月戊子 | 1111/2/9大觀四年十二月癸亥 |
政和 | ruler | 1111/2/10政和元年正月甲子 | 1118/12/14政和八年十月戊申 |
重和 | ruler | 1118/12/15重和元年十一月己酉 | 1119/3/15重和二年二月己卯 |
宣和 | ruler | 1119/3/16宣和元年二月庚辰 | 1126/1/17宣和七年十二月己未 |
Text | Count |
---|---|
錢塘遺事 | 2 |
清史紀事本末 | 1 |
金史 | 2 |
續資治通鑑 | 3 |
画繼 | 2 |
画繼 | 1 |
宋朝事實 | 2 |
宋史紀事本末 | 6 |
四庫全書總目提要 | 41 |
圖繪寶鑑 | 3 |
契丹國志 | 2 |
廿二史劄記 | 1 |
宋史 | 195 |
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