Early years

Born as heir apparent of a vassal prince, Zhu Houcong was not brought up to succeed to the throne. However, the throne became vacant in 1521 after the sudden death of the Hongzhi Emperor's son, the Zhengde Emperor, who did not leave an heir. Prior to the Zhengde Emperor's death, the line of succession was as follows:

• 15px Zhu Jianshen, Chenghua Emperor (1447–1487)

　• Unnamed son (1466–1466)

　• Zhu Youji (1469–1472)

　• 15px Zhu Youcheng, Hongzhi Emperor (1470–1505)

　　• 15px Zhu Houzhao, Zhengde Emperor (1491–1521)

　　• ''Zhu Houwei, Prince Dao of Wei (1496–1497, title posthumously)

　• Zhu Youyuan, Prince Xian of Xing (1476–1519)

　　• Zhu Houxi, Prince Huai of Yue (1500–1500, title posthumously)

　　• (1) Zhu Houcong, Prince of Xing (b. 1507)''

The 13-year-old Zhu Houcong, then heir presumptive, succeeded to the throne, and so relocated from his father's princedom (near present-day Zhongxiang, Hubei) to the capital, Beijing. As the Jiajing Emperor, Zhu Houcong had his parents posthumously elevated to an "honorary" imperial rank, and had an imperial-style Xianling Mausoleum built for them near Zhongxiang.

Reign as emperor

Custom dictated that an emperor who was not an immediate descendant of the previous one should be adopted by the previous one, to maintain an unbroken line. Such a posthumous adoption of Zhu Houcong by the Hongzhi Emperor was proposed, but he resisted, preferring instead to have his father declared emperor posthumously. This conflict is known as the "Great Rites Controversy." The Jiajing Emperor prevailed and hundreds of his opponents were banished, flogged in the imperial court (廷杖), or executed. Among the banished was the poet Yang Shen.

The Jiajing Emperor was known to be intelligent and efficient; whilst later he went on strike, and choose not to attend any state meetings, he did not neglect the paperwork and other governmental matters. The Jiajing Emperor was also known to be a cruel and self-aggrandizing emperor and he also chose to reside outside of the Forbidden City in Beijing so he could live in isolation. Ignoring state affairs, the Jiajing Emperor relied on Zhang Cong and Yan Song to handle affairs of state. In time, Yan Song and his son Yan Shifan – who gained power only as a result of his father's political influence – came to dominate the whole government even being called the "First and Second Prime Minister". Ministers such as Hai Rui and Yang Jisheng challenged and even chastised Yan Song and his son but were thoroughly ignored by the emperor. Hai Rui and many ministers were eventually dismissed or executed. The Jiajing Emperor also abandoned the practice of seeing his ministers altogether from 1539 onwards, and for a period of almost 25 years refused to give official audiences, choosing instead to relay his wishes through eunuchs and officials. Only Yan Song, a few handful of eunuchs and Daoist priests ever saw the emperor. This eventually led to corruption at all levels of the Ming government. However, the Jiajing Emperor was intelligent and managed to control the court.

The Ming dynasty had enjoyed a long period of peace, but in 1542 the Mongol leader Altan Khan began to harass China along the northern border. In 1550, he even reached the suburbs of Beijing. Eventually the Ming government appeased him by granting special trading rights. The Ming government also had to deal with wokou pirates attacking the southeastern coastline.

Starting in 1550, Beijing was enlarged by the addition of the outer city.

The deadliest earthquake of all times, the Shaanxi earthquake of 1556 that killed over 800,000 people, occurred during the Jiajing Emperor's reign.

Plot of Renyin year

Due to the Jiajing Emperor's cruelty and promiscuous lifestyle, his concubines and palace maids plotted to assassinate him in October 1542 by strangling him while he slept. His pursuit of eternal life led him to believe that one of the elixirs of extending his life was to force virgin palace maids to collect menstrual blood for his consumption. These arduous tasks were performed non-stop even when the palace maids were taken ill and any unwilling participants were executed on the Emperor's whim. A group of palace maids who had had enough of the emperor's cruelty decided to band together to murder him in an event known as the Renyin Plot. The lead palace maid tried to strangle the emperor with ribbons from her hair while the others held down the emperor's arms and legs but made a fatal mistake by tying a knot around the emperor's neck which would not tighten. Meanwhile, some of the young palace maids involved began to panic and one (Zhang Jinlian) ran to the empress. The plot was exposed and on the orders of the empress and some officials, all of the palace maids involved, including the emperor's favourite concubine (Consort Duan) and another concubine (Consort Ning, née Wang), were ordered to be executed by slow slicing and their families were killed. The Jiajing Emperor later determined that Consort Duan had been innocent, and dictated that their daughter, Luzheng, be raised by Imperial Noble Consort Shen.

A porcelain vase with glazed fish designs, from the Jiajing era.

Taoist pursuits

The Jiajing Emperor was a devoted follower of Taoism and attempted to suppress Buddhism. After the assassination attempt in 1542, the emperor moved out of the imperial palace, and lived with a small, thin, 13-year-old girl who was able to satisfy his sexual appetite (Lady Shan). The Jiajing Emperor began to pay excessive attention to his Taoist pursuits while ignoring his imperial duties. He built three Taoist temples: Temple of the Sun, Temple of the Earth and Temple of the Moon, and extended the Temple of Heaven by adding the Earthly Mount. Over the years, the emperor's devotion to Taoism was to become a heavy financial burden for the Ming government and create dissent across the country.

Particularly during his later years, the Jiajing Emperor was known for spending a great deal of time on alchemy in hopes of finding medicines to prolong his life. He would forcibly recruit young women in their early teens and engage in sexual activities in the hope of empowering himself, along with the consumption of potent elixirs. He employed Taoist priests to collect rare minerals from all over the country to create elixirs, including elixirs containing mercury, which inevitably posed health problems at high doses.

Legacy and death

After 45 years on the throne (the second longest reign in the Ming dynasty), the Jiajing Emperor died in 1567 – possibly due to mercury overdose from Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning – and was succeeded by his son, the Longqing Emperor. Though his long rule gave the dynasty an era of stability, the Jiajing Emperor's neglect of his official duties resulted in the decline of the dynasty at the end of the 16th century. His style of governance, or the lack thereof, would be emulated by his grandson later in the century.

The time when the Jiajing Emperor was buried was very close to the time of completion of the manuscript copy of the lost Yongle Encyclopedia was completed. Jiajing Emperor died in December 1566, but was buried three months later, in March 1567. One possibility is that they were waiting for the manuscript to be completed.

Portrayal in art

The Jiajing Emperor was portrayed in contemporary court portrait paintings, as well as in other works of art. For example, in this panoramic painting below, the Jiajing Emperor can be seen in the right half riding a black steed and wearing a plumed helmet. He is distinguished from his entourage of bodyguards as an abnormally tall figure.

Family

Consorts and Issue:

• Empress Xiaojiesu, of the Chen clan (孝洁肃皇后 陈氏; 1508–1528)

• Empress, of the Zhang clan (皇后 张氏; d. 1537), personal name Qijie (七姐)

• Empress Xiaolie, of the Fang clan (孝烈皇后 方氏; 1516–1547)

• Empress Xiaoke, of the Du clan (孝恪皇后 杜氏; d. 1554)

　• Zhu Zaihou, the Longqing Emperor (穆宗 朱载垕; 4 March 1537 – 5 July 1572), third son

• Imperial Noble Consort Duanhe, of the Wang clan (端和皇贵妃 王氏; d. 1553)

　• Zhu Zairui, Crown Prince Zhuangjing (庄敬皇太子 朱载壡; 1536–1549), second son

• Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangshun, of the Shen clan (庄顺皇贵妃 沈氏; d. 1581)

• Imperial Noble Consort Rong'an, of the Yan clan (荣安皇贵妃 阎氏; d. 1541)

　• Zhu Zaiji, Crown Prince Aichong (哀冲皇太子 朱载基; 7 September 1533 – 27 October 1533), first son

• Noble Consort Gongxi, of the Wen clan (恭僖贵妃 文氏)

• Noble Consort Rong'an, of the Ma clan (荣安贵妃 马氏)

• Consort Daoyingong, of the Wen clan (悼隐恭妃 文氏; d. 1532)

• Consort Duan, of the Cao clan (端妃 曹氏; d. 1542)

　• Princess Chang'an (常安公主; 1536–1549), personal name Shouying (寿媖), first daughter

　• Princess Ning'an (宁安公主; 1539–1607), personal name Luzheng (禄媜), third daughter

　　• Married Li He (李和) in 1555, and had issue (one son)

• Consort Huairongxian, of the Zheng clan (怀荣贤妃 郑氏; d. 1536)

• Consort Jing, of the Lu clan (靖妃 卢氏; d. 1588)

　• Zhu Zaizhen, Prince Jinggong (景恭王 朱载圳; 29 March 1537 – 9 February 1565), fourth son

• Consort Su, of the Jiang clan (肃妃 江氏)

　• Zhu Zaishang, Prince Yingshang (颍殇王 朱载墒; 8 September 1537 – 9 September 1537), fifth son

• Consort Yi, of the Zhao clan (懿妃 赵氏; d. 1569)

　• Zhu Zai?, Prince Qihuai (戚怀王 朱载?; 1 October 1537 – 5 August 1538), sixth son

• Consort Yong, of the Chen clan (雍妃 陈氏; d. 1586)

　• Zhu Zaikui, Prince Ji'ai (蓟哀王 朱载㙺; 29 January 1538 – 14 February 1538), seventh son

　• Princess Guishan (归善公主; 1541–1544), personal name Ruirong (瑞嬫), fourth daughter

• Consort Hui, of the Wang clan (徽妃 王氏)

　• Princess Sirou (思柔公主; 1538–1549), personal name Fuyuan (福媛), second daughter

• Consort Rong, of the Zhao clan (荣妃 赵氏)

　• Zhu Zaifeng, Prince Junsi (均思王 朱载堸; 23 August 1539 – 16 April 1540), eighth son

• Consort Rongzhaode, of the Zhang clan (荣昭德妃 张氏; d. 1574)

　• Princess Jiashan (嘉善公主; 1541–1564), personal name Suzhen (素嫃), fifth daughter

　　• Married Xu Congcheng (许从诚) in 1559

• Consort Rong'anzhen, of the Ma clan (荣安贞妃 马氏; d. 1564)

• Consort Duanjingshu, of the Zhang clan (端静淑妃 张氏)

• Consort Gongxili, of the Wang clan (恭僖丽妃 王氏; d. 1553)

• Consort Gongshurong, of the Yang clan (恭淑荣妃 杨氏; d. 1566)

• Consort Duanhuiyong, of the Xu clan (端惠永妃 徐氏)

• Imperial Concubine Ning of the Wang clan (王宁嫔) d. 1542) head of the Renyin plot

Ancestry

人物生平

在位初期

明世宗朱厚熜是明宪宗第四子兴献王朱佑杬次子，是明孝宗之侄，明武宗之堂弟；明武宗正德二年（1507）生，母兴王妃蒋氏。

正德十六年（1521年），明武宗驾崩，无子嗣，内阁首辅吏部尚书、武英殿大学士杨廷和定策，援引《皇明祖训》，推找皇位继承人，而武宗唯一弟弟朱厚炜幼年夭折，于是上推至武宗父明孝宗一辈，孝宗是明宪宗的第三子，两名兄长皆早逝无子嗣，四弟兴王朱佑杬虽已在正德十四年（1519年）薨，但有二子，兴王长子（朱厚熙）早夭，遂以「兄终弟及」的原则，徵正在服丧的兴王次子，兴国世子朱厚熜入京即位。朱厚熜先继承兴王头衔，后即帝位，改元「嘉靖」，是为明世宗。

大礼议

朱厚熜十四岁入继大统，因想追封亲生父母「皇帝、皇后」的尊号，但首辅杨廷和与其子杨慎等旧臣要求他改以明孝宗为义父，因而引发了长达三年半的大礼议之争，期间廷杖打死十六人；世宗不顾朝臣反对，追尊生父为献帝、生母为兴国皇太后，改称孝宗曰「皇伯考」。嘉靖十七年（1538年）九月兴献帝被追尊为「睿宗知天守道洪德渊仁宽穆纯圣恭简敬文献皇帝」，并将睿宗的牌位升袝太庙，排序在明武宗之上，改兴献王墓为显陵，大礼议事件至此最终结束。

嘉靖中兴

嘉靖帝前期推行了改革，成效显著。河南道御史刘安说：「今明天子综核于上，百执事振于下，丛蠹之弊，十去其九，所少者元气耳。」张居正在万历三年（1575）以自己少年时的亲身体验对嘉靖前期整顿学政的成就予以极高的评价。他说：「臣等幼时，犹及见提学官多海内名流，类能以道自重，不苟徇人，人亦无敢干以私者。士习儒风，犹为近古。」

隆庆二年（1568）进士李乐对嘉靖前期革除镇守中官的积极作用给予的评价，言道：「世宗皇帝继统，年龄虽小，英断夙成，待此辈不少假借。又得张公孚敬以正佐之，尽革各省镇守内臣，司礼监不得干预章奏。往瑾时，公卿大臣相见，无敢抗礼，甚有拜伏者。自张公当国，司礼以下各监局巨璫，见公竦息敬畏，不敢并行并坐，至以『张爷』呼之，不动声色，而潜消其骄悍之心。盖自汉唐宋元以来，宦官敛戢，士气得伸，国体尊严，未有如今日者，诚千载一时哉！」

因应外戚为害天下，嘉靖帝和张璁、方献夫在革除外戚世封的问题上达到了共识，下令永远废除此制，《明通鉴》编纂者说：「安昌伯钱维圻卒，其庶兄维垣请嗣爵，下吏部议。尚书方献夫等言：『外戚之封，不当世及。』历引汉、唐、宋事以证。璁以为然，力主之。上善其言，诏：『自今外戚封爵者，但终其身，毋得请袭。』自是，外戚遂永绝世封。」

明代史学家何乔远《名山藏》总结嘉靖前期「励精化理，湔濯海内观听，挈清政本，杜塞旁落，奋武揆文，网罗才实。至于稽古礼典，取次厘毖一切，创必表章，轶往宪来，赫然中兴，多孚敬（张璁）所翼赞」。何乔远认为嘉靖前期出现的国家中兴是得益于内阁首辅张璁推行的改革。

而在嘉靖中后期，海瑞于嘉靖四十五年亦言：世宗「二十馀年不视朝，法纪弛矣」。

施政无方

世宗滥用夫役与国家财政之力大事兴建，迷信方士、尊崇道教，好长生不老之术，每年不断修设斋醮，造成巨大的靡费。

世宗好房中术秘方，多采处女之经血炼丹，方士陶仲文与佞臣顾可学、盛端明等进献媚药得以幸进，世宗为人暴躁凶残，朝鲜国使臣的著作，也称他对宫女：「若有微过，多不容恕，辄加棰楚。因此殒命者，多至二百馀人。」嘉靖二十一年（1542年）十月爆发「壬寅宫变」，几死于宫女之手。明朝的太医许绅用「虎狼之药」救活世宗，但是，由于他在急救世宗皇帝时，承受著「不效必杀身」的巨大压力，不多久，许绅得了病，卧床不起，嘉靖帝来看望他。他说：「吾不起矣，曩者宫变，吾自度不效必杀身，因此惊悸，非药石所能疗。」病卒，赐谥恭僖。此后世宗相继迁居西苑万寿宫及玉熙宫谨身精舍，至死不曾回到紫禁城大内居住，直至濒死前才在徐阶以明武宗死在宫外为例子劝说下回到大内居住。首辅严嵩专国二十年，残害忠良，杨继盛、沈鍊等朝臣惨遭杀害。

嘉靖朝吏治败坏，爆发多起农民起义，如：山东矿工起义、陈卿起义、蔡伯贯起义、浙赣矿工起义、李亚元起义、赖清规起义，边事废弛，1524年以后爆发多起大同兵变，1535年爆发辽东兵变，1560年爆发振武营兵变，长城北方蒙古鞑靼俺答汗寇边，倭寇侵略中国东南沿海，就是「北虏南倭」的问题，后赖朱纨、戚继光、俞大猷等人率军肃清倭寇。世宗在位之时，葡萄牙人远航当时属广东省香山县管辖的澳门，并「借地晾晒水浸货物」为藉口开始于澳门定居，从而在澳门展开了接近450年的葡萄牙租借及殖民时期。

嘉靖四十四年（1565年）正月，方士王金等伪造《诸品仙方》、《养老新书》，制长生妙药献世宗。嘉靖四十五年二月，（1566年）户部主事海瑞上《治安疏》，世宗初大怒，掷疏于地，并下诏让锦衣卫及三法司论罪。但后重置御案上数日内再三阅读。后法司拟处大辟的刑罚，但世宗审阅后却留中不发，以致海瑞终未获刑。

任内发生的重大事件

嘉靖大地震

嘉靖三十四年农历腊月十二（1556年1月23日），山西、陕西和河南同时发生地震。这次地震分布在陕西、山西、河南、甘肃等地，地震波及大半个中国大陆，有感范围远达福建、两广等地。百姓民众因压砸、焚溺、与饥疫而死者无法估计，其奏报有名者便达83万有多，不知名者不可胜数。死亡人口之多几达当时人口的百分之一，也是古今中外地震史上仅有的案例。这次大地震致使陕西、山西、河南等省97州受灾，101个县受害，灾区面积大约28万平方公里。地震有感范围为5省227个县。「馀震月动三五次者半年，未止息者三载，五年渐轻方止」。由于明代后期吏治腐败，国库空虚。地震发生后明朝从国库调拨大量资金用于救灾，导致明朝国库连续两年亏空，加上地震引发的自然灾害和瘟疫导致明朝政府税收减少，对明朝的国力和财政状况亦造成不同程度的影响。

驾崩

嘉靖四十五年十二月初八，世宗免去腊宴。十四日，世宗病笃，时隔二十多年重新住回大内。当日午时，于乾清宫驾崩。徐阶请裕王入宫主持大行皇帝丧礼。裕王自东安门入，至乾清宫御榻前发丧。次日，大行皇帝小殓，并发布遗诏。十六日，大殓，并上庙号世宗。

隆庆元年三月十一日，世宗梓宫及祔葬孝洁皇后、孝恪皇后梓宫离开北京。十六日，世宗及孝洁皇后、孝恪皇后梓宫抵达永陵。次日，世宗入葬永陵。

遗诏

任用官员

宰辅

• 杨廷和

• 蒋冕

• 毛纪

• 费宏

• 张璁

• 贾咏

• 杨一清

• 谢迁

• 翟銮

• 方献夫

• 夏言

• 顾鼎臣

• 严嵩

• 许赞

• 张治

• 李本

• 徐阶

• 袁炜

名将

• 俞大猷

• 胡宗宪

• 戚继光

• 李成梁

太监

• 黄锦：初任朱厚熜伴读。世宗期间掌司礼监、东厂。称其为「黄伴」，颇受信任。权势强大，但能自我约束的一个太监。

• 孙洪：御马监太监。成化十三年入宫。此人清廉奉公。

• 毕云：提督东厂。办事清廉、勤劳谨慎。

• 孙彬：内官监太监。此人好学，善于楷书。

• 陈洪：御马监掌印太监，后为司礼监掌印太监。

人物评价

嘉靖皇帝醉心于西苑修仙斋醮，直到他最后死去，却一直是「虽深居渊穆而威柄不移」，虽数十年不见朝臣，仍能做到「大张弛、大封拜、大诛赏，皆出独断，至不可测度。」明世宗非常聪明，也十分勤奋，批阅奏书票拟经常到后半夜。但嘉靖后期，朝中官员贪污纳贿、奢侈靡费，确已成普遍的现象。

• 《明史·世宗本纪》：「赞曰：世宗御极之初，力除一切弊政，天下翕然称治。顾迭议大礼，舆论沸腾，幸臣假托，寻兴大狱。夫天性至情，君亲大义，追尊立庙，礼亦宜之；然升祔太庙，而跻于武宗之上，不已过乎！若其时纷纭多故，将疲于边，贼讧于内，而崇尚道教，享祀弗经，营建繁兴，府藏告匮，百馀年富庶治平之业，因以渐替。虽剪剔权奸，威柄在御，要亦中材之主也矣。」

• 《国榷》：「世庙起正德之衰，厘革积习，诚雄主也。因议礼自裁，好稽古右文之事，诸臣迎附，祗诤于仪节，反实政略焉。」

• 《名山藏》：「臣乔远曰：臣每见故缙绅父老，若为郎时尚接先朝皆御之臣，多好言嘉靖时事，其谟猷合圣贤，动作掀天地，真中兴之主矣。晚节西苑崇玄，帝心固以为敬天，虽万几在宥而精神无时不运，于天下者四十馀年如一日，所以飨世独久欤。」

家庭成员

祖先

后妃

嘉靖帝为明代正式册封妃嫔最多的皇帝。世宗性卞，宫人多不测。

皇后

• 孝洁肃皇后陈氏，明世宗致其流产，病死。初谥悼灵，后改谥孝洁，葬于天寿山皇贵妃、皇太子陵园。隆庆帝加谥曰孝洁恭懿慈睿安庄相天翊圣肃皇后，迁葬帝陵，祔庙。

• 废后张七姐，初为顺妃，陈后崩后，立为皇后，后被废。死后葬于金山皇族园寝。

• 孝烈皇后方氏，继后，葬永陵，谥曰孝烈端顺敏惠恭诚祗天卫圣皇后，正史记载病死，胜朝彤史拾遗记和明朝进士何乔远所写的《十三朝遗史》记载说，方皇后死于西宫大火，世宗不准许太监救火。世宗遗命以她为元配皇后祔庙，但穆宗改以孝洁皇后祔太庙，移孝烈皇后神主弘孝殿。

• 孝恪皇太后杜氏，穆宗生母，初为康嫔，后为康妃，崩，谥荣淑康妃，其后穆宗即位，尊谥为孝恪渊纯慈懿恭顺赞天开圣皇后，迁葬永陵，祀主神霄殿。

皇贵妃

• 沈皇贵妃，初为宸妃，谥曰庄顺安荣贞静皇贵妃。

• 阎皇贵妃，初为丽妃，皇长子哀冲太子朱载基之母。谥曰荣安惠顺端僖皇贵妃。

• 王皇贵妃，生庄敬太子朱载𡓝，谥曰端和恭荣顺温僖皇贵妃。

贵妃

• 文贵妃，初为敬妃，后晋封贵妃。

• 马贵妃，生平、徽号不详，谥曰荣安贵妃。（疑与荣安贞妃马氏为一人，二人姓氏、諡号相同，繁体「贵」、「贞」字形相近，可能是误记）

• 周贵妃，生平不详，嘉靖十九年九月二十六日，葬于孝洁皇后陵次。

妃

• 曹端妃，常安公主和宁安公主之生母，于壬寅宫变中被陷为同谋而被凌迟处死。

• 卢靖妃，景王之母。

• 江肃妃，《国榷》则作汪肃妃。

• 郑贤妃，谥曰怀荣贤妃。

• 赵懿妃

• 陈雍妃

• 马贞妃

• 张德妃，宫人张氏和其女朱素嫃多次陪同沉迷于斋醮的世宗斋戒，因此辅助斋醮的宫人张氏被晋封为德妃，后加谥曰荣昭德妃。

• 张淑妃，谥曰端静恭惠淑妃。

• 杨荣妃，以宫婢身份于皇宫火灾中护主遇难，丧葬礼仪视皇贵妃例的四分之三，谥曰恭淑安僖荣妃。

• 文恭妃，因罪被责罚幽禁死而仅以嫔礼下葬，谥曰悼隐恭妃。

• 陈静妃

• 王丽妃，谥曰恭僖丽妃。

• 包宜妃

• 徐永妃，谥曰端惠永妃。

• 沈安妃

• 王宸妃

• 王靖妃

• 王徽妃

• 王贞妃

• 王怀妃

• 何睦妃

• 尚寿妃，原为辅助斋醮的宫婢，后封为美人。

• 高和妃

• 耿平妃

• 吴定妃

• 褚静妃

• 李顺妃

• 于宜妃

• 张安妃

• 王庄妃，以宫婢身份入宫多年仍未能引起嘉靖帝的注意，便吟诗自叹而封为庄妃，常告诫家人不可骄侈。

• 褚晏妃

• 杜庄妃

• 甘妃，徽号不详。嘉靖四十三年（1564年），甘氏于发现怀孕后三个月患上了疟疾，太医院官朱林让其服下三剂柴胡桂技汤，甘氏的病情便好转了。怎料甘氏与宫娥戏龙舟时不慎触动龙胎而流产，甘氏匿情旷奏且归咎于太医，世宗大怒将所有太医发落至六部九卿治罪，或斩或流放。

嫔

• 王裕嫔

• 王宁嫔，壬寅宫变之主谋，孝烈皇后方氏命人凌迟处死王氏。

• 卢和嫔

• 李敬嫔

• 任顺嫔

• 王庄嫔

• 宋丽嫔

• 田静嫔

• 杨常嫔

• 刘常嫔

• 孟安嫔

• 傅常嫔

• 王宜嫔

• 余荣嫔

• 韦惠嫔

• 刘淑嫔

• 赵婉嫔

• 王怀嫔

• 任和嫔

• 郭宁嫔，朝鲜史料称河南郭姓平民于壬戌年间献其十四岁女于世宗，该女不仅姿色绝美，而且才技脱凡、书法尤奇。世宗正请僧道设置斋坛祈祷神佛，破戒为难，便置该女于宫中，仅能稍稍昵近，世宗对斋醮之事的态度渐不如前，未知是否为郭宁嫔。

• 刘康嫔

• 张昭嫔

• 武常嫔

• 高常嫔

• 王常嫔

• 张常嫔

• 李常嫔

• 陈常嫔

• 马常嫔，未正式封为妃就早逝。

子女

子

• 哀冲太子朱载基（1533年），生两月而夭折，母皇贵妃阎氏。

• 庄敬太子朱载𡓝（1536－1549，13岁），早薨，母皇贵妃王氏。

• 穆宗朱载坖（1537－1572，35岁），原封裕王，母康妃杜氏。

• 景恭王朱载圳（1537－1565，28岁），母靖妃卢氏，嘉靖四十四年薨，无子国除。

• 颍殇王朱载𪉖（1537年），生一日即夭折，母肃妃江氏。

• 戚怀王朱载����（1537－1538），生未逾岁殇，母懿妃赵氏。

• 蓟哀王朱载㙺（1538年），生半月而夭折，母雍妃陈氏。

• 均思王朱载����（1539－1540），生未逾岁殇，母荣妃赵氏。

女

• 常安公主朱寿媖（1536－1549），母曹端妃，未下嫁。十三岁薨

• 思柔公主朱福媛（1538－1549），母徽妃王氏，未下嫁。十一岁薨

• 宁安公主朱禄媜（？－？），又作成平公主，母曹端妃，嘉靖三十四年下嫁李和。

• 归善公主朱瑞嬫（1541－1544），母陈雍妃，三岁夭折，追册，葬祭视太康公主。

• 嘉善公主朱素嫃（？－1564），又作安泰公主，母张德妃，嘉靖三十六年下嫁许从诚。四十三年薨。

影视作品

相关条目

• 大礼议

• 壬寅宫变

• 嘉靖中兴

• 嘉靖大地震

• 大明王朝1566

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